初中英语语法介词用法讲解与练习

介词

1．表示时间的介词：at, in, on, before, to, from, by, till, until, after, for, since 等。

2．表示地点，位置，方向的介词：next, to, in, in front of, on , out of, at, above, over, into, near, between, under, up, across, by, down, from, around, behind, beside等

3．表示原因，理由的介词：for, as, at, from 等

4．表示方式的介词：on, in, by, with 等。

常用介词辨析

1．表示时间的in, on, at, after

1)in 的用法。

用于早晨、下午、傍晚。In the morning/afternoon/evening

用于月、年、季节等。In March, in 1986, in spring

用于一段时间后。In a week, in a year’s time, in two hours

2)on 的用法

用于具体某一天。On my birthday, on the morning of next Friday, on June 6, on Sunday, on New Year’s Day

用于描述性的时间。On a cold night, on a winter day

3)at 的用法

用于具体的钟点。At 12 o’clock, at half nine

用于固定的搭配。At lunch, at night, at breakfast, at noon, at Christmas, at weekends, at that time 4)after 表示在一点时间以后。After twelve o’clock

2. 表示的地点的in, on , at

in指大地方，at是小地点，in表示的是体，on表示的是面，at表示的是点。

in可指内部，on可指“在…之上”

There are six windows in the wall.墙上有6 扇窗子。

There are five pictures on the wall.墙上贴着5 幅画。

3. 表示方位的on, over, under, above, below.

1）on , over, above指上方；under, below指下方；on指物体接触。

2）over指正上方、above指斜上方、under指正下方、below指斜下方。

There will be two bridges over the river.河上将有两座桥。

4. between, among

Between指两者之间, among指三者或三者以上。

5. across , over, through

Across表示从这一边到另一边的横过, over表示从空间通过, through则表示从内部空间穿过。Can you swim across the lake? 你能游泳过湖吗？

6. with, in ,by

With后跟工具, in后跟语言、材料等, by跟某种方式。

I can write with a pen. 我能用笔写。

7. 看似相同，但意义有别的词组。

At school 在上学At the school 在学校In front of 在…前边（外部）

In bed 在睡觉In the bed 在床上In hospital 住院In the hospital 在医院里

Go to school 去上学Go to the school 去学校

用适当的介词填空

1)He knows everything ______________ the school.

2)He usually goes out for a walk ________ lunch.

3)I have lunch _________ half past eleven.

4)Please look ________ the blackboard.

5.They work ____________8:00 ___________16:00.

5)When do they get up _________ the morning?

6)Will we go ____________ bus or _________ foot?

7.We have learned a lot _________ you.

7)The cup was broken _________ her.

8)Where are you ________? I’m _________Beijing.

9)We are working _________ the people.

10)It is time _________ breakfast.

11)Class begins _________ nine.

12)We come ______________ different parts of America.

13)She lives ________ her father.

14)She often gets up _________ half past six ________ the morning.

15)We stay here _________ six months.

16)You are leaving __________ Shanghai.

17)He was born ____________ 1986.

18)We usually have meetings ___________ Saturday afternoon.

19)Beijing is the capital _________ china.

20)Have a cup _____________ coffee please.

21)Xiao Li was born ___________ March25,1991.

I. 介词的种类

1. 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without, to, by, with, of,

over, behind, up, after, against 等。

2. 复合介词，如, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。

3. 介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系

(1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, keep away from, care about等。

(2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at

(3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, visit to等.

***介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的ing形式。

II. 某些介词的意义与用法区别

1. at, on, in(表时间) : at表示时间的一点；in表示一个时期；on表示特殊日子

A. at后常接几点几分，天明，中午，日出，日落，开始等。如：

at five o’clock（五点），at daybreak （天亮），at noon （中午）），at midnight （半