新概念英语第一册111-144课语法复习

I've got some small change. So have I. Neither can I. 注意：1. neither “也不”，本身已有否定意义； 2. 句式倒装，即主谓调换位置 3. 根据前一句的意义和时态选择相应动词， 但在人称上要与本句人称保持一致。 结构：Neither + be/情态动词 / 助动词+主语 Ex. I haven’t got any changes. 我也没有。 Neither have I. I am not a teacher. 她也不是 Neither is she. I don’t like this book. 他也不喜欢。 Neither does he.

复合不定代词总表
后
缀 前缀 some-某个 any-任何
-one人
-body人
-thing东西 -where地方 事情
someone somebody something somewher e anyone anybody anything anywhere
every-每个
no-没
everyone everybody everything everywher e
1. 情态动词+原形，表示对现在或将来的情况进行 __________________ 推测。 例：He must be a teacher. 他一定是一名老师。（系表） 肯定的推断： 否定的推断：must be 肯定是
can’t be 不可能是
（而不是mustn’t be） She must be doing....
e.g. The film had already begun before I came back.
after + 过去完成时， 主句用一般过去时
e.g. He left the room after he had turned off the light .
1. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 2. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 3. By the time he was ten years old, he _________. A has completed university B. has completed the university C had completed an university D. had completed university 4. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 5.The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived. A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned B C A A D
√
关系代词在句中作宾语时可以省去
√
定语从句中的省略. 关系代词省略：若描述的人或物是现在 正在进行的，可以省略关系代词，单用一个
现在分词表示， 假如关系代词充当从句中的宾语，关系代词 则往往可以省略
请分别看以下的例句
The
woman standing behind the counter served me. 站在柜台后边的那位妇女为我服务／招待了 我。 This is the book I bought yesterday. 这就是我昨天买的那本书。 The man I served was wearing a hat. 我招待过的那个人当时戴着一顶帽子。

9对现在，将来，过去，正在进行的猜测 对过去肯定的推测：must have been 对过去否定的推测：can’t have been 10反义疑问句 11 If 引导的条件状语从句 12 直接引语变成间接引语 13 被动语态
Grammar
形容词与副词都有三个等级，原级，比较级，最高 级。 原级比较：as… as Bill is as fat asas Tom . Bill和Tom一样胖。 否定用 not as… He runs as fast as you. 他和你跑得一样快。 在as …as 中间使用的形容词和副词一定要用原级.
Grammar
三、 1. 过去进行时的肯定式： 主语+was/were + 动词的现在分词 2. 过去进行时的否定式： 主语+was/were not +动词的现在分词 3. 过去进行时的疑问式: Was/Were + 主语+ 动词的现在分词?
过去进行时 (8A U6)
肯定句：We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。 否定句： We were not having supper when the phone rang. 一般疑问句： Were you having supper when the phone rang? Yes, I was./ No, I wasn't.
So / Neither 倒装句
1. -- I won’t do such a thing. –Neither / Nor will I. 2. If you won’t go, neither shall I. 3. -- I haven’t done my homework. –Neither / Nor have I. 4.I didn’t read the notice on the bulletin board, nor did he. 由neither或nor引起的，表示前面所说的情 况 也适用于另一个人（或物）的句子
所学内容
1.形容词与副词都有三个等级，原级，比较级，最 高级。 2.So / Neither 倒装句 3.复合不定代词 4.过去进行时was/were + doing 5.用when或while引导的时间状语从句 6过去完成时 7定语从句 8情态动词：must,have to
Grammar
四、主要用法：
过去进行时 (8A U6)
1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在 进行的动作。 e.g. He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
２、表示故事发生的背景。 e.g. It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 那支医疗小组往前线行进时，天正下着雪。
（过去的过去） 构成： had +过去分词。 过去完成时主要用于表示两个事件中一个发生 在前，或者说是表示较早的过去。 when、 after 、before等也常与过去完成时连用， 以强调事件发生的先后次序。
Grammars
过去完成时：
总结
两个事件都发生在过去，如果哪个在前发
生用过去完成时表示，哪个在后用一般过 去时表示 本课当中出现before和after 引导的时间状 语从句 before+一般过去时，主句用过去完成时

Grammars

定义：在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词是先行词。定语从句必须 放在先行词之后。
定语从句要由关联词：关系代词who,
whom, that，which或关系副词when, where等引导。
The student who answered the question was peter. 回答问题的那个学生叫Peter.
How is it formed?
被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词， 定语从句常跟在先行词之后，由关系代词 或关系副词引导。
The lady who is standing behind the counter.
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu 关系代词
指人 that √ √ 指物 √ 主语 √ 宾语
which
√
√
√
who
√
√
√
whom
no one / none nobody nothing nowhere
Grammar
过去进行时 (8A U6)
一、过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内 正在 进行或发生的动作。
二、常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten last evening，at that time等；或者与when, while, as引导的 过去时间状语连用。
用when或while引导的时间状语从句：

① when + 过去进行时（持续性动词）/ 一般过去时（瞬 时性动词）某个时间点,某一段时间,主句和从句的动作可 以同时发生,从句的动作可前后发生 When she came in, I was doing some housework. (瞬时 动词) When I lived with the Smiths, we used to discuss international issues together. (延续性的动词) ② while + 过去进行时（持续性动词）表示某一段时间,主 句和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 ③ (just) as + 过去进行时 边…边…,随着.. 例句：She was cooking when he was reading. = She was cooking while he was reading. The telephone rang when I open the door. = The telephone rang just as I was opening the door.
正在进行的情况进行 2. 情态动词+be doing，表对:_______________ 推测。
例：He





must be having a lot of money. 他一定有很多钱。 他们一定正在睡觉吧。 They must be sleeping. Jim may be playing the basketball. 吉姆可能正在打篮球。
Grammars



have to 与must must 表示主观的认为有必要，有义务 have to 表示含有客观的环境方面的需要， 除了“必须”之外，还有“不得不”。 must 没有时态和人称的变化 I must ,he must have to 有时态和人称的变化 I have to, he has to eg. I must work hard. 我必须努力工作。 (我觉得有必要这么做。) I had to go home by ship last night. 我昨晚不得不乘船回家。 (有可能没有赶上其他的航班或者火车，没选择才坐船。 )
Grammars
Must I arrive on time? -Yes, you must. -No, you needn't.
Do I have to arrive on time? -Yes, you have to. -No, you don't have/need to.
Summary