社会心理学第六章题目

Chapter6Conformity and Obedience
3#409名词解释
1、Conformity:
2、Obedience:
3、Autokinetic phenomenon
4、Informational influence
答案：1conformity:a change in behavior or belief as the result of real or imagined grop pressure.
2obedience:acting in accord with a direct order or command.
3aotokinetic phenomenon:the apparent movement of a sationary point of light in the dark.
4informational influence:conformaity occurring when people accept evidence about reality provided by other people.
填空题
1、()is acting in according with a direct order or commend.
Answer:Obedience
2、()is conformity that involves both acting and believing in accord with
social pressure.
Answer:acceptance
3、()is conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an
implied or explicit request while privately disagreeing.
Answer:compliance
4、()experiment refers to autokinetic phenomenon.
Answer:Sherif’s studies of norm formation
5、()occurs when people accept evidence about reality provided by other
people.
Answer:informational influence.
单选题
1.“Acting in accord with a direct order or command”is(C)
A.Conformity
pliance
C.Obedience
D.Acceptance
2.What is conformity?(B)
A.Conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request while privately disagreeing.
B.A change in behavior or belief as the result of real imagined group pressure.
C.Acting in accord with a direct order or command.
D.Conformity that involves both acting and believing in accord with social pressure.
3.Who had taken advantage of the actokinetic phenonmenon?(A)
A.Sherif
B.Asch
C.Willian
gram
4.What is involved in Asch’s Study of Group Pressure?(B)
A.Suggestibility
parison
C.The chameleon effect
D.Obedience
5.What don’t breed obedience?(D)
A.The victim’s distance
B.Closeness and legitimacy of the authority
C.Institutional C.Norm formation
6.Why conform?(D)
A.Bystander effect
B.Emotional contaglon
C.The effect of unanimity
D.Normative influence and informational influence
7.What can’t predicts conformity?(D)
A.Group size
B.Cohesion
C.Public response
D.Prior commitment
8.How many people will have a largest effect in conformity?(B)
A.1-3
B.3-5
C.5-7
D.7-9
9.How to reject conformity?(A)
A,Asserting uniqueness B.Role reversal C.Conformity personality D.Don’t reactance
10.How many experiments are involved the conformity?(C)
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
多选题
1.In the Milgram’s experiments about the ethics,the“teachers”did experience
agony.They(A B E)
A.Sweated
B.Trembled
C.Relaxed
D.Excited
E.Stuttered
2.From Ervin Staub’s study of human genocide across the world,Staub(2003)
shows(A B)
A.Where gradually increasing aggression can lead
B.Where gradually increasing invasion can lead
C.Where gradually increasing aberration can lead
pliance bred acceptance
E.Criticism produces contempt
3.Conformity is affected by(B E)
A．Where people act
B．How people act
C．Other people act
D．When people act
E．What people act
4.Who is more likely to resist the pressure to conformity(A B C)
A．People who is humane
B．People who is democratic
C．People who is individualistic
D．People who is patriotic
E．People who is selfish
5.Why do the results of these classic experiments so often startle people?(C E)
A.Because we expect people to act in accord with their disposition
B.Because the situation they are
C.Because the fundamental attribution error
D.Because the obedience
E.Because the
6.Four factors were the victim’s emotional distance.
They are(C D E)
A.The authority’s support
B.The critics he received from authority
C.The authority’s closeness and legitimacy
D.Whether or not the authority was part of respected institution
E.The liberating effects of a disobedient fellow participant
7.Which of the following statements about conformity is wrong(A C E)
A.Conformity did grow if the judgments were difficult
B.Conformity did decline if the participants felt incompetent
C.The more insecure about our judgments,the more influenced we by others
D.Conformity is highest when the group has three or less people and is
unanimous,cohesive,and in status
E.Conformity is highest when the response is public and made without prior
commitment
8.Why prompted this conformity?Why had I not clapped even while the others
rapped?Why did Polonius so readily echo Hamlet’s words?(A B)
A.Normative influence
rmational influence
C.International influence
prehension influence
E.Impression influence
9.Why are we act in ways that preserve our sense of uniqueness and
individuality?(B E)
A.We are used to be unique
B.We are used to be individual
C.We are not comfortable being too similar with a group
D.We are not comfortable being too different from a group
E.We don’t want to appear the same as everyone else
10.Do you own something.Question authority.If it feels good,do it.Follow your
bliss.Don’t conform.In which countries we will be more likely to hear these words?(B C E)
A.China
B.New Zealand
C.The United States
D.Japan
E.Canada
判断题
1.Reactance,Unanimity let us be different.(错)
2.One person coughs,laughs,or yawns,and others are soon doing the same.it’s
Mood linkage.(对)
3.Conformity meas a change in behavior or belief as the result of real or imagined
group pressure.(对)
4.Asch’s studies of Group pressure experiment refers to autokinetic
phenomenon.(错)
5.normtive influence and Reversal lead to conform.(错)
简答题
1、What factors caused the obedience of Milgram's obedience experiment?
(米尔格拉姆的服从实验中什么因素引起了服从？)
（1）受害者的情感距离。

被试在实验中无法看到“学习者”的情况下，其行动表现出的同
情最少。

（2）权威的接近性与合法性。

研究者的亲自在场会影响服从，其次，权威必须被认为是合
法的。

（3）权威的机构性。

权威的声望很重要，那么权威所代表的背后的机构声望就更使该实验
变得合法化了。

(4)群体影响的释放效应。

实验中，如果有同谋者公然反抗研究者，会有90%的被试会通过模仿同谋者释放自己。

2、What factors can predict the conformity?
（什么因素可以预测从众？）
（1）群体规模。

在实验室实验里，一个规模较小的群体就可以引起较大的效应。

另外，群
体“抱成团”的方式也会产生不同的影响，多个小群体的一致意见会使某个观点更可信。

（2）一致性。

如果有人破坏了群体的一致性，那么会降低群体的社会影响力。

观察到其他
人有异议，即使异议是错误的，也会增强我们自己的独立性。

（3）凝聚力。

一个群体的凝聚力越强，对成员的影响力就越大。

(4)地位。

地位高的人往往有更大的影响力。

(5)公开的反应。

在实验中，人们必须面对他人做反应时要比私下里回答问题会表现出更多的从众行为。

(6)无事前承诺。

个体一旦在公众面前做出承诺，就会坚持到底，最多，也就是在以后的情境中改变自己的判断。

3、Why would the individual conformity?
（个体为什么会从众？）
有两种可能：①想被群体接纳和免遭拒绝②获得重要信息。

莫顿把这两种可能性命名为规
范影响和信息影响。

规范影响是“与群体保持一致”以免受拒绝，得到人们的接纳。

或者
获得人们的赞赏。

另一方面，信息影响会导致人们的接纳，当现实较为模糊时，其他人可
能就会成为有价值的信息来源。

案例分析
1.案例分析1
遇到一位老人摔倒在路边，某丁本能地想上前搀扶。

可他下意识地看看四周，发现没
人动，于是只好怯怯地收回脚步，装作没看到，低头离开。

用从众心理的影响方面的知识
分析分析某丁的行为。

参考答案：主要从从众心理的消极作用方面来回答：1,从众心理倾向一致的压力，容
易窒息成员的独创精神，养成人云亦云的习惯。

2容易压制正确意见，在表面一致的情况下，产生小群体意识和个人支配的局面，作出不一定的正确选择等
2.案例分析2
甲例某丙去年考入河北科技大学，很快身边的同学、室友就开始出双入对。

“现在
我认识的老乡、同学、朋友有不少在谈恋爱，我孤单一人好像没人要一样，没办法，我只
好也找一个做做样子。

”某丙很无奈地选择了从众恋爱。

乙例某甲与朋友在一起讨论问题，当朋友们都坚持某一观点，某甲虽然明知自己的观点是对的，但是因为与朋友们的观点相左，他就会在心里犹豫着要不要说出自己的观点，或者怀疑自己也许根本就是错的。

用从众心理产生的原因对以上案例进行分析。

参考答案：1避免应对压力。

在群体中，由于个体不愿标新立异、与众不同而感到孤立，而当他的行为、态度与意见同别人一致时，却会有“没有错”的安全感。

中国有很多谚语表现了这种害怕群体压力的心理，比如“人怕出名猪怕壮”、“枪打出头鸟”，这些谚语提醒人们，如果你偏离群体过多，你卓尔不群，就会面临群体强人的压力乃至严厉制裁。

对于同多数人保持一致的人，其他人的反应是喜欢、接受和优待。

对于个别离群之马，人们大多数情况下，会显示出厌恶、拒绝。

在灾难面前，人特别想了解在给定情境下正确的反应方式，这时偏离集体产生的压力会更大，所以一般人从众表现会更突出。

2本能的归属感。

心理学研究表明，在人类的潜意识中有一种强烈的归属感，当个人的感觉与大多数人的意见发生冲突时，为了使自己不被别人认为是异类，不被群体所排斥，我们通常会在群体的压力下放弃自己的看法而跟大多数人的意见趋于一致，即使那个答案是错误的。