从句的翻译

桂林旅游高等专科学校教案

第十六讲从句翻译

Lecture 16 Clauses

一、名词从句的译法(Noun Clause)

（一）主语从句(Subject Clause)

（引导词that, what, whether, who, when, where, why, how, which, whose, whatever…）

（先译主句还是先译从句？whatever等引导的，先译从句；it作形式主语的，视情况而定）

1.It is strange that we should meet here.

我们能在这里见面，这真是想不到。（逆译法：先译从句，后译主句）

2. It is essential that every child should have the same opportunity to have education.

每个儿童都应当有同样的受教育的机会，这一点是非常重要的。（逆译法：先译从句，后译主句）

3. It is a common misconception that English is extraordinarily difficult for foreigners to learn.

英语对外国人来说特别难学，这是一种普遍的误解。（逆译法：先译从句，后译主句）

4. It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.

物体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种大家共有的经验。（逆译法：先译从句，后译主句）

5. It's really a mystery why all our attempts have been unsuccessful．

为什么我们的一切尝试都失败了，这真是个谜。（逆译法：先译从句，后译主句）

6．It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. (An abstract from Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen)

a)凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条公认的真理。（王科一）

b)有钱的单身汉总要娶位太太，这是一条举世公认的真理。（孙致礼）

c)饶有家资的单身汉必定想要娶妻室，这是举世公认的真情实理。（张玲、张扬）

d)举世公认，一个拥有一大笔财产的单身男人，必定想娶一个女子做太太，这已经成为一条真理。

（义海）

e)有钱的单身汉必定想娶亲，这条真理无人不知。（张经浩）

f)富有的单身男士一定想娶位太太，这是举世公认的真理。（张隆胜）

g)谁都知道，单身汉有了钱，第一件事儿就是要娶个媳妇。（张小余）

7 It remains our belief that the conflict must be resolved peacefully.

我们仍然认为，这场冲突必须和平解决。（顺译法：先译主句，后译从句）

8．It goes without saying that oxygen is the most active element in the atmosphere.

不言而喻，氧气是大气中最活泼的元素。（顺译法：先译主句，后译从句）

9. That substances expand when heated and contract when cooled is a common physical phenomenon.物质热胀冷缩是一个普通的物理现象。（逆译法：先译从句，后译主句）

11. It is certain that man will eventually solve the riddle of UFO

人类最后必将解开不明飞行物之迷。这一点是可以肯定的。（逆译法）

10）It so happens that I have been collecting similar examples for years.

很偶然，我多年来一直在收集类似的样本。

12．It seems of no important to us where and how the boss has got the news.

老板从哪里，又是怎样得知这个消息的，在我们看来都不重要。）

13．It is necessary that everyone present should have a copy of the new book.

有必要让在场的人都有一本新书。（合译，并将形容词necessary转译为名词）

(引导词that, what, whether, if, who, when, where, why, how, which, whose, whatever… )

1．A simple experiment will show whether or not air does have weight.

空气是否确有重量，做个简单的试验就可以证明。

2. Many stories in the history of science show that chance plays a definite part in scientific discovery.科学史上有许多故事表明：机遇在科学发现中的确在起作用。

3. The law of conservation and transformation of energy states that energy is indestructible and the total

amount of energy in the universe is constant.

能量守恒和转换定律说明：能量是不灭的，宇宙间能量的总量和是不变的。

4. A man spending twelve days on the moon would find, on returning to the earth, that a year had passed by already .

一个人如果在月亮上度过了十二天，回到地球以后就会发现一年已经过去了。

5．Coal and iron have made England what she is.

由于有煤和铁,英国才有今天。/煤和铁造就了今天的英国.

6．She gave me what little money he had.她把仅有的钱都给了我。

7. That factory is different from what it used to be.那家工厂与以前大不相同了。

8. Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speaks.

人与兽的区别，就在于人有思维而且会说话。

9. I took it for granted t hat they had accomplished the task ahead of time.

我以为他们提前完成了任务。

（三）表语从句(Predicative Clause)

(引导词that, wh at, whether, if, as if, who, when, where, why, how, which, because…)

（一般多用顺译法，有时也可用逆译法）

1．My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. 我的观点是一代人经常抱怨下一代人是不可避免的。（顺译法）

2.The result of invention of steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.蒸汽机发

明的结果是机械力代替了人力。（顺译法）

3．The advantage of rolling bearing is that they cause less friction.

滚动轴承的优点是它产生的摩擦力较小。

4. China is no longer what it used to be.中国已不是过去的中国了。

5．This is what we have discussed in this article.这就是我们在本文中所讨论的内容。

6.Water and food is what the people in the area are badly needed. 该地区的人们最需要的是水和食品。（逆

译法）

7．This is how we defeated them.我们就这样把他们击败了。（顺译法）

8. This is where they hid the treasures.这就是他们的藏宝之地。

9. That is why heat can melt ice，vaporize water and cause bodies to expand.

这就是为什么热能使冰融化，使水蒸发，使物体膨胀的原因

（四）同位语从句(Appositive Clause) (引导词that, whether, when, where, why, how)

1．Many scientists accept the theory that the universe is growing larger.

许多科学家接受了这样的观点：宇宙正在扩大。/ 许多科学家接受了关于宇宙正在扩大的观点。/ 宇宙正在扩大，这个观点已为许多科学家所接受。

2．The fact that the prisoner was guilty was plain to everyone.

这个囚犯有罪的事实，大家都知道。

3．We are all familiar with the fact that a body expands when heated.

我们都知道物体受热膨胀的道理。