国际学术交流英语第三单元

Task 1 Abstract
An abstract tells


What the paper is about Why people should read it
An abstract is short, less than 300 words Two Types of Abstract


Descriptive Abstract (说明性摘要） Informative Abstract (资料性摘要）
Descriptive Abstract
A descriptive abstract gives a generic description of the subjects covered but does not provide any specific details. Descriptive abstracts are only appropriate for review articles. They are inherently vague.
Rhodes, Hilary, PhD The Pardee Rand Graduate School
title author & affiliation
Abstract: As John Mack, the president of the Los Angeles Urban League1, succinctly pointed out, ‘school is just not cool’ for far too many of today’s youth. background While policymakers can insist that every child attends school, they cannot legislate the positive attitude, motivation and behaviors that are integral to students’ learning (National Research Council2; Institute of Medicine3, 2004). This dissertation explores a possible solution. It observes the implementation of a school-based program that has shown promising results in increasing middle schoolers student ‘engagement’, the adolescent’s desire and dedication to learning. Specifically, it closely follows the Valued Youth Program4, a cross-age tutoring program, from its conception through adoption in Santa Monica-Malibu School District5, which is facing marked diversity method and achievement differentials across ethnic groups. It conducts a scientific evaluation of the program’s effectiveness to influence intermediate student engagement outcomes, including attendance, school attitudes, disciplinary issues, and achievement (e.g., grades, standardized test scores) over the course of one year. Each step of the implementation is examined with a critical eye to how the process and the actors, both internal and external to the school system, facilitate or impede the program’s final form and its ability to affect student engagement. This analysis concludes with lessons learned that provide guidance for educators and community members to implement conclusion and sustain student engagement programs.
publisher
date of publication
page number
Acknowledgements

Notes
Reference notes indicate the work/literature cited. They may take the form of in-text notes, footnotes, or endnotes. Content notes can be a useful way to provide additional information about a related topic without interrupting the flow of your paper. Content notes take a variety of forms:
Notes
Format of Notes
Articles:
• Name of the author(s) • Title • Name of the periodical or journal • Volume and issue numbers • Date and the page number(s)
Task 2 Notes and Acknowledgements
Notes




to cite the source of statements quoted or closely paraphrased in the text, to make cross-references, to make additional comments about some point of the text, or to acknowledge someone else for an idea or argument. to thank and list the people who supported or contributed to the research

Leabharlann Baidu
provide additional information on persons, places, or ideas mentioned in the text. provide definitions of unusual or foreign terms. provide additional information on scholarly debates. provide additional bibliography on related topics.
Notes
In-text notes (Wiebe 1993) Footnotes
The search for an exact expression of these economic principles ….and William Stanley Jevons.59 These were a school not….the early work…French Speaking60 Canadians and of American…. _____________
Informative Abstract
An informative abstract presents essential details of the research: the purpose, methods, scope of the paper, results, conclusions and recommendations. Informative abstracts are appropriate for research papers. The specific details give a clear representation of what is in the papers to enable the reader to make an informed assessment of whether that paper is relevant, useful or novel.
endnotes
Basic Rules for Notes
Books

author
title
Michael Ondaatje, The Cinnamon Peeler place of (Toronto: MaClelland and Stewart, 1992), p. 13. publication
Format
Background (context, purpose, research gap) Method(s) Results and Discussions Conclusions
Sample Demonstration
Sample 1
Confronting the Challenges of Student Engagement: A Case Study of a School-based Intervention
Notes
Format of Notes Books:
• Name of author(s) • Title and subtitle (if any) • Name of editor, compiler, or translator, if any • Number of edition, if other than the first • Name of series in which the book appears, if any, with volume number • Facts of publication (place of publication, name of publishing agency, date of publication) • Page number(s) of the specific citation
English for International Academic Exchange
Unit 3 Academic Writing
Company
LOGO
Unit 3 Academic Writing
Task 1 Abstract Task 2 Notes and Acknowledgements Task 3 Selected Bibliography
59. C. Gide and C. Rist, A History of Economic Doctrines, 2nd ed. (London: George C. Harrap, 1048), 599-514. 60. French-speaking Canadians were identified by their request for or return to the French version of the questionnaire.