英语语法详解主谓一致语法

(三)谓语动词的单、复数要视情形而定的情况 1 由and连接两个主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。例如： • Your problem and mine are similar.
• 但当and连接的词语作整体考虑，指同一人、同一事物 或概念时，谓语动词用单数。例如： • The worker and poet has published a collection of poems recently. • Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness.
•
但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义，可作复 数用。 • 例如： • Athletics have been greatly encouraged at this college. • The acoustics of the new concert hall are perfect.
７以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题 • 以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题,如： arthritis（关节炎）,bronchitis（支气管 炎）,diabetes（糖尿病）,mumps（腮腺 炎）,phlebitis（静脉炎）,rickets（软骨病）, Measles（麻疹）这类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主 语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。 • 例如： • Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient. • The diabetes is a kind of chronic disease. • Measles（麻疹） usually occurs in children. • Phlebitis is a swollen condition of the blood vessels.
4 不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作主语 时，谓语动词也要用单数。例如： • To master at least a foreign language is very necessary in the present conditions. • Forgetting the past means nothing but betrayal. • When they will start on their journey hasn’t been decided
• 当and连接两个形容词修饰一个单数名词作主语时，如 果指一件事物谓语动词用单数； 如果指两件事物则谓 语动词用复数。例如： • A black and white(黑白相间的) horse was trotting down. • The red and the yellow rose are both beautiful.
• 英语中还有一些以- s结尾的名词，如archives， arms,clothes, contents, eaves, fireworks, goods, minutes, morals, remains，stairs, suburbs, thanks,wages这类名词作主语时，谓语动词通常 用复数。 • 例如： • The archives of the country are kept in the Department of Security. • The contents of the book are most amusing. • High wages often result in high prices. • My thanks are sincere.
• 语法一致原则 • 语法一致原则就是根据主语的语法形式决定其谓 语动词的语法形式。主语是单数，谓语动词就用 单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数形式。 例如： • A letter has been sent to every student. • Two letters have been sent to every student.
3 表示国家、单位、书报等名称或表示时间、距离、 体积、度量衡（将它视为一整体）等的名词或短 语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如： • The Netherlands is famous for its tulips. • One hundred miles is too far to travel on foot. • Ten pounds was missing from the bill. • The Thirty-Nine Steps is an interesting novel.
８以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名称 Nhomakorabea主语• 英语中有一些通常以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名词， 如glasses, pincers,pliers,scissors, shorts,suspenders,trousers等，这类名词做主语，如果 不带“一把”、“一副”等单位词，谓语动词通常用复 数。 • 例如： • Mary's glasses are new. • John's trousers are black. • 如果带有单位词， 则由单位词决定动词的单、复数形 式。 • 例如： • One pair of pincers isn't enough.
主谓一致 （Subject-Verb Concord/Agreement）
主谓一致即句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持 一致。 一般说来， 主语的单、复数形式决定着谓 语动词应采取的相应形式。 在实际应用中， 有时 情况较为复杂， 但在现代英语中基本遵循如下原 则：语法一致原则、 意义一致原则和就近原则。
5 单数词作主语， 虽然后接由as well as, along with, like, rather than, together with, besides, including, in addition to, accompanied by等词连 接其他的词，谓语动词仍然用单数。例如： • Gold, as well as silver, has recently risen in price. • The factory, with all its equipment, has been burned. • John together with his brothers has gone to the party.
• 就近原则 • 就近原则是指谓语动词与它最近的名词、代词 或其他词在人称或数上保持一致。常见于 either…or; neither…nor; there be; not only…but also等.例如： • Either you or he was wrong. • There is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer. • Not only his children but he himself is hoping to be there.
6 以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题 • 某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时，如 physics,mathematics,mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 谓 语动词通常用作单数。例如： • Acoustics studies the science of sound. • Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.
2 a kind of, a sort of, a portion of, a section of, a series of, a piece of, a pair of, a couple of 等修饰 主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致原则一般用 单数。例如： • A pair of scissors is what he needs now. • Two pairs of scissors are what he needs now. • A series of lectures on engineering is scheduled. • There is a couple of vacant rooms behind the office.
(二)谓语动词用复数的情况 1 both, some, few, many, several, the majority (of), the minority (of) 等词语作主语或主语修饰语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： • Both of them have gone to Shanghai on business. • Few of my classmates really understand me. • The majority of (the) doctors believe smoking is harmful to health. 2 以复数形式结尾的山脉、群岛、瀑布等专有名词作主语时，谓语 动词用复数。例如： • The Niagara Falls are very spectacular. • The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts. • The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean. 3 表示群体或类属的“the +形容词” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 例如： • The injured were sent to hospital at once. • In many western films, the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished.
• 上述三条原则的具体应用比较复杂，以下几点需 要特别注意。 我们分三大类情况来看： • (一 ) 谓语动词用单数的情况 1 one, every, each, everyone, everybody, no, no one, one of, many a, more than one, either, neither, nobody, anyone, somebody, someone 等作主语或主语修饰语时，谓语动词用单数。例 如： • Every /Each boy and girl is treated in the same way. • Every /Each man and every /each woman has good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.
• 意义一致原则 • 意义一致原则指主谓之间的一致关系不是由主语的语法 形式来决定，而是由主语所表达的意义来决定。形式是 单数的主语，其谓语可能是复数形式；反之，形式是复 数的主语，其谓语有可能是单数（详见后文所述）。例 如： • The class are doing experiment on heat and light. • The team are playing magnificently. • The United States is a country advanced in science and technology. • Ten dollars is all I have left. • Two thirds of the area is under water. • 同一单词作主语，根据其表达意义的不同，有时用单数 动词，有时却要用复数动词。例如： • The family is the basic unit of the society. • The family have agreed among themselves to spend their vacation in Italy.