英语语法《句子成分和基本句型的讲解》.

The only method is to give the child
more help.（不定式）
I must be off now.（副词）
The bridge is under construction.（介词
短语）
That would be a great weight off my
mind.（词组）
Reading is useful.
To see is to believe.
They are good friends.
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谓语：
• 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由 简单动词或者动词短语构成．
They are teachers.
She looks well.
He studies hard.
• The black bike is mine.
• What’s your name? A broken vase.
• I have 5 books.
wenku.baidu.comA sleeping boy.
• They made paper flowers.
• The boy in the room is Jack.
• I have something to do.
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3.能用不定式作表语的系动词有：appear， seem ， get， prove， remain， turn out等。
She appears/ seems to be very young.
He appears/ seems to have caught cold.
This 2020/8/4 is why he wa精s品课件late.（从句）
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2.所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语，此处略举 数例。
Our future will be beautiful. She looks unhappy today. Do you feel cold？ You seem/appear ill. The food tastes delicious. The weather is turning/ growing/ becoming/ getting cold. He often went hungry.
made me
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基本句型 一： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
Ｓ │Ｖ（是系动词）│ Ｐ
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells │good.
午餐的气味很好。
3. He │fell │in love.
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5. 能接介词短语的有：be， feel， look， sound， taste，remain等。
be是特别活跃的系动词，其后可接很多介词 短语作表语。
He is at home/ in the library/ on the way home/ on holiday.
That’s why he fell ill. My idea is that we should help him. It seems/ appears to me that something is wrong. It sounds to me as if someone were trying to get into the house. Your voice sounds as if you had a cold. It looks as if it is going to rain.
I like watching TV.
She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
20I20/8/t4 hink that he is精品课g件ood guy.
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表语：
• 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词， 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面．
• I saw him enter the hall.
• The boss keeps them working all day.
• 20I20/8h/4eard my name call精e品d课.件
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定语
• 定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容词，代词，数 词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词 ，从句都可以充当定语．
fall， go， come， run等。
He became a world-famous
scientist.
It is getting warmer and warmer.
It grew dark.
The food has turned bad.
Yesterday he suddenly fell ill.
They got to be friends。
The meeting turned out to be successful.
The theory proved to be right.
Much remains to be done.
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4. 能接从句的有：be， seem， appear， sound， look等。
It remains to be proved.
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1.系动词后的表语可以是名词、代词、数词、形 容词、分词、动名词、不定式、副词、介词短语、 词组、从句，系动词be可用于上述所有情况。
The news was surprising.（分词）
His job is teaching English.（动名词）
seem， appear， smell， taste， sound， turn out
（结果是、证明是）等。
You’ll be all right soon. You don’t look very well. I feel rather cold. He seems to be ill.
It appears that he is unhappy.
I am a teacher.
She is happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
My job is to teach English.
Seeing is believing.
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补语：补充说明。（由动词类别来决定） 补语的构成形式：1）名词 2）代词 3） 形容词 4）数词 5）不定式 6）-ing
The roses smell sweet.
The mixture tasted horrible.
How sweet the music sounds!
The day turned out (to be) a fine one
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第二类：表示从一种状态到另一种状态的
变化，有become， get， grow， turn，
They are on duty/ on strike/ on leave.
The road is under repair.
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其他系动词能和介词搭配的范围很小。如：
It feels like a rain. It looks like a rain.
It sounds like a train going under my room.
我们井干枯了。
8. His face │turned │red.
他的脸红了。
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系动词词义不完整，在句中不能单独使 用（除省略句外），后面必须接有表语， 系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。
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一、系动词的分类：
常见的系动词大致可分为三类。
第一类：表示特征或状态的，有be， look， feel，
句子成分
和
基本句型
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句子包括哪些成分？
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、 状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语 （predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语 （attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
• 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现 在分词和过去分词充当．
• If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
• Leave the door open.
•We found John out when we arrived.
• Make yourself at home.
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、 省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基 础。
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• １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的 部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从
句充当．它的位置一般在句首．
The girl is pretty.
Mary’s face went red.
His dream has come true.
The boy’s blood ran cold.
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第三类：表示保持状态的，有keep， remain， continue，stay等。
Keep quiet, children!
The weather continued fine for a long time.
他堕入了情网。
4. Everything │looks │different.
一切看来都不同了。
5. He │is growing │tall and strong.
他长得又高又壮
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们
缺少钱。
7. Our well │has gone │dry.
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种类 类型
主语 谓语 表语/宾 宾语 宾补
S 动词 语
0
oc
v
p
第1 S+V 种
We work
第２ Ｓ＋Ｖ＋０ He plays violin.
种
第３ Ｓ＋ｖ＋ｐ We are student
种
s
第４ S+v+IO+DO she gave me 种
a pen.
第５ S+V+O+OC He 种 2020/8/4
He laughed at his classmates.
He can speak English.
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宾语
• 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动
词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．
She plays the piano.
He often helps me.
It tastes of apples.（这有苹果的味道。）
The concert remains in my memory.
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6. 能接分词的系动词有：be， become， get，
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• It is a swimming pool.
状语
• 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发 生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词 ，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当 ，也可由从句来充当．
He did it carefully.
Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.
In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.
He is 2020/8/4 writing with a精品课p件en.
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形式 7）过去分词 8）介词短语 9）名词从
句
• 主语补语 Tom was made monitor. 宾语补语 I made Tom monitor. 表语补语 I am sure to succeed.
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宾语补足语
• 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思， 还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思 ．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用．