[考研类试卷]2010年南京大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2010年南京大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷
一、区分题
1 Distinguish the following pairs of terms. Clarify the differences with appropriate examples.(20/150)
homonymy vs. polysemy
2 entailment vs. presupposition
3 surface structure vs. deep structure
4 endophoric reference vs. exophoric reference
二、单项选择题
5 For each group of items in the following, point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest and explain the reason in ONE sentence.
（A）ex<u>p</u>ensive
（B）re<u>p</u>eat
（C）s<u>p</u>ring
（D）cons<u>p</u>iracy[Focus on the pronunciation of "p"]
（A）co<u>n</u>siderate
（B）to<u>n</u>icity
（C）poi<u>n</u>tless
（D）i<u>n</u>consistency[Focus on the pronunciation of "n"]
（A）number<u>s</u>
（B）classroom<u>s</u>
（C）island<u>s</u>
（D）laptop<u>s</u>[Focus on the pronunciation of "s"] （A）competent
（B）principal
（C）individual
（D）animate[Focus on the location of the stress]
（A）/f/
（B）/p/
（C）/d/
（D）/g/[Focus on the classification of consonants] （A）provide
（B）supply
（C）offer
（D）accuse[Focus on transitivity]
（A）re<u>ceive</u>
（B）en<u>able</u>
（C）re<u>vol</u>utionary
（D）pro<u>ceed</u>[Focus on the type of morphemes]
（A）aboard
（B）beyond
（C）beneath
（D）without[Focus on word types]
（A）parent/child
（B）teacher/student
（C）tree/forest
（D）buyer/seller[Focus on the type of semantic relation]
（A）locutionary act
（B）illocutionary act
（C）perlocutionary act
（D）elocutionary act[Focus on Austin's trichotomy of speech act theory] （A）Quality Maxim
（B）Method Maxim
（C）Quantity Maxim
（D）Relation Maxim[Focus on Grice's Cooperative Principle]
（A）Content of discourse
（B）Mode of discourse
（C）Tenor of discourse
（D）Field of discourse[Focus on Halliday's Register Theory]
三、分析题
17 Use the method of binary cutting(as used in the IC Analysis)to analyze the morphological or syntactic structure of the following.(12/150)
inconsistency(4/150)
18 The scholar also argues that the spread of English is nothing neutral.(8/150)
19 What is metaphor? How does cognitive linguistics interpret it differently from traditional rhetoric? Use a few examples to illustrate how the farmer contributes to our understanding of language.(20/150)
20 What do Brown and Levinson(1987)mean by "positive face" and "negative face"? Study the following utterances and decide which type of face is being attended to in each utterance. Support each of your decisions with a brief explanation.(20/150)
(1)Come here, Johnny.
(2)Passengers please refrain from smoking.
(3)I just want to ask you if I can use your bike.
(4)You must be tired after the long flight. Shall we talk about the contract tomorrow?
21 Academic writing is supposed to be formal in style. However, colloquialisms of various kinds abound in Chinese learners' theses. Study the following excerpt from a postgraduate student's B. A. thesis. Point out those linguistic forms that are too colloquial to be appropriate. What might be the major causes for the use of the inappropriate language style? What advice do you have for teachers of English?(22/150)
Presidents' inaugural address is an art that maybe includes all the skills of public speaking. How do American Presidents make their addresses attractive and persuasive? Do they have some skills or secrets of success on public speaking? Yes, I think so. I think many people who have great talent in public speaking make concerted effort to construct such a perfect text. That is to say, they check wording and phrasing, use all kinds of figures of speech as long as they need. So inaugural addresses show their especial charm to appeal to millions of fellow citizens.
In this research, I'll try to prove that rhetoric techniques are frequently used in the speeches and play indispensable roles in making a good inaugural address. But it's obviously a "mission impossible" to study the whole family of rhetoric techniques in
inaugural addresses. So I'll only choose one important and active member in the rhetoric family—metaphor, because it's used most frequently in presidents' inaugural addresses, and I'll use three American presidents' inaugural addresses as my samples.
I hope that through my research I can find out the usage of metaphors in those addresses, and what effects they make respectively on the theme the addressers want to deliver. And I also hope that the comparison and contrast among the three different speeches will give us some clues about the change of American's political, economic, municipal, and diplomatic tactics in different periods.
22 What is euphemism? Define it briefly in your own words. Then, study the following euphemistic expressions carefully and write out their non-euphemistic equivalents in the third
column.(16/150)
23 The following statements are some items listed in a questionnaire designed to investigate Chinese high school students' motivation in learning English. Read these statements and fulfill three tasks: 1)provide your definition of motivation in language learning; 2)categorize the statements in relation to different types of motivation; and
3)based on your definition of motivation, add at least TWO more items to the questionnaire(You can write the items in Chinese).(16/150)
1．我学英语是因为英语是必修课。

2．我喜欢英语，我觉得学英语很快乐。

3．我学英语主要是为了应付高考。

4．学不好英语，将来就找不到好工作。

5．我学英语是为了了解国外的文化。

6．我学英语是为了向外国人介绍中国文化。

7．我学英语是因为我以后可能会出国留学。

8．英语是人生路上一块重要的敲门砖。

9．学好英语对我很重要，因为它是非常有用的交流工具。