最新四级改革翻译
大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)-试卷234
大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）-试卷234(总分：52.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Translation(总题数：26，分数：52.00)1.Part Ⅳ Translation（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.人们用它来辟邪。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：It is used to ward off evil spirits．)解析：解析：汉语原句的主语为较为宽泛的“人们”，宾语为“它”，英译时，可把原主语“人们”省译，而把“它”转换为主语，用被动语态表达为it is used。
3.如果仔细观察的话，会有所发现的。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：If you observe carefully，you will find something．)解析：解析：译文增译主语you，以便更好地表现出逻辑关系和符合英语语法要求。
4.必须保证孩子们的安全。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Children's safety must be guaranteed．)解析：解析：汉语原句要表达的重点是宾语“孩子们的安全”，而主语无需强调(该句的逻辑主语可看作是we)，英译时，可用“孩子们的安全”作主语，用被动语态译出。
英语四级段落翻译
英语四级改革段落翻译模拟全球变暖目前，全球变暖是一个热门话题，但是有关全球变暖的各项证据似乎还有些不同的声音。
人们现在已经知道，地球的发展经历了很多周期(cycle),尽管在历史上还未出现过像今天这样的时代，即高工业化(industrialization)产生如此多的污染。
全球变暖主要是由于二氧化碳气体(carbon dioxide)的增多。
Global warming is the hot topic around the world at this time but, there is also dissention about the evidence being presented to support the argument. The earth is known to go through cycles; although the past has never produced an age of so much industrialization causing the pollution currently being experienced. A major source of the problem is the increase in carbon dioxide levels.月光族中国经济的高速发展，带来了消费文化的曰益流行，同时也催生了一批具有高学历，充分享受资本主义消费模式的年轻人，他们习惯于当月工资当月花。
因而被称为“月光族”（the moonlight group)。
“月光族”一词出现于20世纪90年代后期，是用来讽刺那些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fast food culture)的年轻人。
The Moonlight GroupChina’s economy is developing very quickly, and has brou ght with it a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day. At the same time, it has brought into being an educated group of young people who enjoy capitalist consumption way. They’re used to spending money as soon as they get it every month, and so are called t6the moonlight group”. This word came into being during the 1990s, to make fun of those boom into wealth，who have received a high education, and who appreciate fast food culture.茶马古道茶马古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)两边，生活着20多个少数民族。
大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷46(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷46(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 5. TranslationPart ⅣTranslation1．大熊猫被称为“中国国宝(China’s national treasure)”，是中国特有的动物。
大熊猫外表黑白相间，体型肥胖，是一种温顺可爱的动物。
它们主要生活在中国西南地区，80％以上分布于四川境内。
它们习惯居住在温暖潮湿的环境中，喜欢吃竹类。
由于生育率低，对生活环境的要求又相当高，它们的数量越来越少。
中国政府早已意识到这一问题的严重性，所以做出了很多努力来保护这一濒危物种。
正确答案：Referred to as “China’s national treasure”, panda is an animal unique to China. With a black and white coat as well as a fat body, it is a gentle and lovely animal. Pandas live mainly in the southwest part of China, over 80% of them living in Sichuan Province. They are accustomed to living in warm and wet environment. Bamboo is their favorite food. Because of low birth rate and high requirement for living environment, the number of pandas is declining. Having realized the seriousness of the problem, Chinese government has made a lot of efforts to protect the endangered species.解析：l．第1句的前半句可使用过去分词短语Referred to as作状语，置于句首；“中国特有的”可译为unique to China。
全国大学英语四级翻译 CET4 四级翻译新题型技巧讲解
长嗟短叹 －－ sighing deeply 发号施令－－ issue orders 土崩瓦解－－ fall apart 两面三刀－－ two-faced tactics
3. 词类转换
词类变形和转换，是英语语言的一个很重要的特 点，尤其是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的 词类。
译直）译与意译相互关联，互为补充，两种译法可以并用
二、 汉译英的基本技巧
1. 增词 为了充分传达原文含义，必须增补词语，以求达意.
北京是中国的政治、文化中心。这里你可以游览万 里长城、故宫、颐和园等。
Beijing is a political and cultural center that offers some scenic attractions: the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace etc.
Practice Please.
省名词
见到自己的故乡，他想起了童年的情景。
The sight of his native place called back his
childhood.
(省动词)
他连续讲了两小时的法语，没有出现任何错误。 He has been speaking in French for two hours
汉译英的 基本技巧
一、翻译的基本方法： 直译 ＆ 意译
直译：保持原文内容、又保持原文形式，基 本保留原有句子结构，不是死译。
意译：只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式， 更多考虑英语的特点。
如： 我们的朋友遍天下。 Our friends are all over the world. (直译) We have friends all over the world.（意
2023年四级6月份翻译
2023年四级6月份翻译注意：以下翻译内容仅供参考，具体表达方式可根据实际情况进行调整。
1. 环境保护中文：环境保护是我们的共同责任，应该得到全球范围内的重视和行动。
英文：Environmental protection is our common responsibility and should receive global attention and action.2. 科技发展中文：科技发展对于推动社会进步起着至关重要的作用。
英文：Technological development plays a crucial role in driving social progress.3. 文化交流中文：文化交流有助于增进不同国家之间的相互了解和友谊。
英文：Cultural exchange helps enhance mutual understanding and friendship among different countries.4. 教育改革中文：教育改革应该着重培养学生的创造力和实践能力。
英文：Educational reform should focus on cultivating students' creativity and practical abilities.5. 就业压力中文：当前，就业压力越来越大，年轻人需要不断提升自己的竞争力。
英文：Currently, the pressure of employment is increasing, and young people need to continuously improve their competitiveness.6. 健康生活方式中文：保持健康的生活方式对于预防疾病和提高生活质量非常重要。
英文：Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial for disease prevention and improving quality of life.7. 社会责任中文：企业应该承担起社会责任，为社会做出积极贡献。
大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)-试卷243
大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）-试卷243(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Translation(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.Part Ⅳ Translation（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.近年来，越来越多的中国学生赴美留学。
去年，美国进行了一项针对高校留学生的调查研究。
该调查表明，2011—2012学年间来自中国的高校留学生总人数超过了19万，这使得中国连续三年成为美国最大的留学生来源国 (sender of students)。
而在2002年，印度领先中国，是美国最大的留学生来源地。
对于中国赴美留学生增长这一现象，不同的人从不同的角度予以关注——或褒或贬。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： In recent years, a growing number of Chinese students go to study in the United States. Last year, a survey on college overseas students was conducted in the U.S. According to the survey, the number of college students from China was over 190 thousand in the school year of 2011 to 2012, making China the largest sender of students to the U.S. for three years in a row. In 2002, India was ahead of China as the source of the most international students to the U.S. Different people will focus from different aspects on the growth of Chinese students' going to America—some positive, some negative.)解析：解析：1．第2句的主语为“美国”，但翻译时，为了符合英文表达习惯，宜将其转换为地点状语，用“一项调查研究”作为主语并用被动语态来表达。
大学英语四级改革新题型段落翻译题(最新版)
大学英语四级改革新题型段落翻译题(最新版) 大学英语四级改革新题型段落翻译题练习1Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。
翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。
四级长度为140-160个汉字。
)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。
例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。
那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。
中秋节是观赏满月的日子。
圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。
因此，中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。
春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如铰子和年糕。
参考答案Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewingthe full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, peoplecook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “ 1 ”new year cake .难点精析■ 1.中国的传统节庆膳食：翻译为Traditional Chinese holiday meals,其中“节庆膳食”直接译为holiday meals , 即可，翻译时注意“中国的”和“传统”的顺序。
大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)-试卷261
大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）-试卷261(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Translation(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.Part Ⅳ Translation（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.道教(Taoism)是中国土生土长的宗教，已经影响了中国人两千多年。
道教有三个起源，最古老的是“ 黄帝”(Yellow Emperor)传说。
第二个来源是庄子的作品。
但最著名的是老子的《道德经》。
道家强调自由、自然、修身养性 (self-cultivation)，甚至追求永生 (immortality)。
道教对中国文化的许多领域都产生了深刻而持久的影响，包括艺术、哲学、医学和美食，并在东亚地区广泛流传。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： Taoism is a Chinese native religion that has shaped Chinese life for more than 2,000 years. There are three sources of Taoism's origin, with the oldest being the legend of "Yellow Emperor". The second source is Zhuangzi's works, while the most famous one is Laozi's Dao De Jing. Taoism emphasizes freedom, nature, self-cultivation and even pursues immortality. Taoism has had a deep and lasting influence in many fields of Chinese culture, including the arts, philosophy, medicine, and cuisine. It has also spread widely throughout East Asia.)解析：解析：1．第1句有两个分句，其主语都是“道教”，翻译时可选用其中一个分句作为句子的主句，另一分句处理成状语或定语从句。
大学英语四级新题型翻译
多年历史。
Taoism, native to China, has a history of more than 1,700 years.
四级强化训练--翻译
以蛇宴闻名遐迩的蛇餐馆，已有80多年历史， 天天宾客盈门，座无虚席。
剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间 艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝 和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。 人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间， 剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最 常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各 地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
environment .
四级强化训练--翻译
不久后，政府宣布将要建一个新的沿河公园 景区来美化城市。
Soon after, it was announced by the government there would be a new scenic park built along the river to beautify the city.
四级强化训练--翻译
文化是不同国家的人们互相理解的最佳 媒体。通过举办文化节，许多中国城市在 世界上的知名度（prestige）提高了。已经 证明，对促进中国人民和世界其他地方人 民之间的交流来说，这是最好的途径之一。 这种交流不仅仅限于文化方面，还扩大到 了经济和其他领域。
四级强化训练--翻译
文化是不同国家的人们互相理解的最佳媒体。 （简单句-简单句）
四级强化训练--翻译
四级翻译改
87. Living in modern times, we should face reality and be mature ( 迎接生活的挑战)88. College education does not (确保每个毕业生都找到好工作).89. We should learn to (适应) different working conditions.90.Armed with computers, people can( 很容易地获取) the latestinformation they need on the Internetand download it.91. An enormous number of plasticbags have been replacing paperbags, . (因此造成了严重的”白色污染”)87．参考答案：in our responses tolife challenges／to meet challenges in life译文：生活在现代，我们应该面对现实，用成熟的心态迎接生活的挑战。
88．参考答案：ensure every graduate a good position／make sure every graduate can get agood job译文：大学教育并不能确保每个毕业生都能找到好工作。
89．答案adapt to译文：我们应该学会适应不同的工作环境。
90．参考答案：gain／get easy access to译文：有了电脑，人们可以很容易从互联网上获取并下载所需的最新信息。
91．参考答案：hence the severe “white pollution isproduced'’／resulting in the serious“whitep011ution .82. The Entrance Exam is about to be over, and his years of study ( 也将有所收获)83. The general manager signed the contract ____________(代表公司).84. In the past, many countries developed their industries__________( 根本不考虑) protecting the environment.85. The computer (正起着越来越重要的作用) in our daily life.86. International trade majors should know modern finance and informationtechnology and (关注) global political and economic trends.82．参考答案：will soon pay off译文：高考就要结束了，他多年的学习也将有所收获。
4. CET4翻译词汇之“四大”
CET4翻译词汇之“四大”除了语法基础，词汇也是四级翻译看家本领。
四级翻译考纲规定翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等，所以同学们在备考的时候，尽量多积累这四大方面的词汇。
除了记忆下面整理好的四大板块的词汇之外，同学们还可以看看China Daily，或者中口系列书籍里面关于历史、文化、经济、社会发展的词汇。
【历史类】皇室的：imperial朝代：dynasty历史的：historic庆典：celebration祭祀：sacrifice鼎盛时期：flourishing period孔子Confucius孟子Mencius瓷器：porcelain封建的：feudal古老的：ancient革命：revolution爱国的：patriotic迄今为止：up till now兴起于……：prosper in…大使：ambassador帝国：empire摇篮：cradle发源于：originate from…遗迹：relic神话：myth【文化类】发源地：birthplace文化遗址：culture site象征：the symbol of…杰作：masterpiece奠基者：founder著名的：renowned文明：civilization吉祥物：mascot纪念：commemorate追溯到：date back to继承：inherit发扬：carry forward传统的：traditional特征：characteristic/feature独特的：unique特产：specialty民间的：folk【经济类】改革开放：reform and opening up合资企业：joint venture私营企业：private enterprise购买力：purchasing power通货膨胀：inflation预算：budget资金：capital社会福利：social welfare经济调节：economic regulation公平竞争：fair competition收支平衡：make ends meet出口：export进口：import专利：patent退休金：pension生产力：productivity零售：retail销售额：sales volume供给：supply增长两倍/…的三倍：triple城镇化：urbanization房地产：real estate小康社会：a well-off society宏观经济：macroeconomic外资：foreign capital过剩：surplus / excess / over-国有企业：state-owned enterprises (SOEs)假日经济：holiday economy【社会发展】实施：implement推行：carry out教育体制：educational system共同努力：joint effort就业机会：job opportunity缓解：relieve改善：improve辉煌的成就：brilliant achievements 自然资源丰富：rich natural resources 人才资源：human resources。
大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷284
大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷284(总分：52.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Translation(总题数：26，分数：52.00)1.Part Ⅳ Translation（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.我国将继续推进行政管理(administrative management)、金融部门和物价的改革。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：We will continue to advance reforms of administrative management, financial sectors and pricing.)解析：3.苏州园林以其幽静、优雅与和谐闻名于世。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Suzhou Garden is known for its peacefulness, gracefulness and harmony.) 解析：4.传统中医(traditional Chinese medicine)可以不借助任何仪器给病人治病，堪称奇迹。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：It is a wonder that doctors of traditional Chinese medicine could cure patients without any assistant equipment.)解析：5.壮族(the Zhuang ethnic minority)是中国人口最多的少数民族，约有1900万人。
大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷169(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷169(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 5. TranslationPart ⅣTranslation1．网上购物(online shopping)是中国近几年日益流行的新型购物方式。
人们在购物网站搜索自己想要的物品，在网上发出电子订单并付款。
卖家则通过快递公司送货上门。
网上购物的主要人群最初是大学生和白领，现在大多数的网民(netizen)都有过网购的经历。
过去十年来，购物网站的数量也有了大幅增加，所售商品也日益丰富。
有人认为方便和低价是网上购物迅速发展的重要原因。
正确答案：Online shopping is a new shopping mode increasingly popular in China in recent years. People search for goods they want in shopping websites, then make electronic orders and pay online. The sellers deliver commodities to customers’homes via the express company. The major groups who shopped online were primarily university students and white collars. At present, the great majority of netizens have the experience of shopping online. In the last decade, the number of shopping websites has increased tremendously and the commodities sold online become more colorful by the day. Some people hold that convenience and low price are important reasons for the rapid development of online shopping.解析：1．第1句中的定语成分“中国近几年日益流行的”较长，故置于修饰词shopping mode的后面作后置定语，译为increasingly popular in….2．第2句中的两个汉语短句存在先后顺序，故增译then进行衔接；“自己想要的”可译为定语从句(they want)，用来修饰“物品(goods)”。
CET4翻译题型的改革对大学英语教学的反拨作用
Ｕ 测 试 的 反 拨 作 用（ ｂ ａ ｃ ｋ ｗ ａ ｓ ｈ ｅ ｆ ｅ ｃ ｔ ）
“ 每一 种 考试 都会 对 教 学产 生反 拨作 用 ” （ Ｈ ｕ ｇ ｈ ｅ ｓ ２ ０ ０ ０ ） 。在 许多反拨作用 的英文研究 中， ｂ ａ ｃ ｋ ｗａ ｓ ｈ 或者是 ｗ ａ ｓ ｈ ｂ ａ ｃ ｋ 定 义为对 教学和 学习 的影 响 （ Ｈｕ ｇ ｈ ｅ ｓ ２ ０ ０ ０ ： Ｂ ａ ｉ ｌ ｅ ｙ ， １ ９ ９ ６） 。反拨 作 用 有狭 义 和 广义 之 分 。 一般 说 来 ，研 究者们 研 究 的多是 狭义 上 的反拨 作用 ，指 的是 测试 对教 室 内的 教师和 学 生 的影响 。而 广义 上 的反 拨 作用 是指 测 试对 于教 育体 系 的影响 乃至 对 社会 的影 响 （ Ｂ ａ ｉ ｌ ｅ ￣１ ９ ９ ６ ） 。本 文研究测试对教师和学生的反拨作用 。 通 常来说 ，越重要 的考试 的反拨作 用越 明显 。反 拨 作 用可 以是积极 的 （ 有 利 的）或者是 消极 的 （ 有 害的 ） （ Ｂ ａ ｉ ｌ ｅ ｙ ， ｌ ９ ９ ６ ； Ｈ ｕ ｇ ｈ ｅ ｓ ， ２ ０ ０ ０ ） 。针对 该项考试 的备考 阶段 会主 导课堂教学 。如 果根据考试 内容和 方针制定课堂 教 学 目标 ，那么该测 试的反拨作用主要是 消极 的，对教 学 的影响是 有害 的。若根据 教学 目标来 制定合 理 的测 试 ， 再根据 测试的要求制 定相应的教学活动和 安排 ，那么 这 样测试 的积极反拨是值 得提倡的 。不是所有 测试都有积 极反 拨 ，真正 的测试 应与 教学是 一种 “ 搭档 ” （ Ｈｕ ｇ ｈ ｅ ｓ 。 ２ ０ ０ ０ ）关系 。测试作 为教学的有效支撑 与辅助 ，应该被 公平对 待 ，但是也 不能喧宾夺主 。它对 教学 的反拨作 用 到底是积极还是消极，还要根据情况进行全面的探讨。
2024年12月英语四级写作范文及翻译2篇
2024年12月英语四级写作范文及翻译2024年12月英语四级写作范文及翻译精选2篇〔一〕2024年12月英语四级写作范文及翻译As we enter a new phase of globalization, the role of munication bees increasingly important. In this context, English language proficiency has bee a critical skill thathas the potential to shape the world's economy, culture, and politics.There are many reasons why English will continue to be important in the years to e. First, English is the languageof global business. In many parts of the world, English has bee the primary language of merce, making it essential for people to learn English in order to succeed in business. Second, English is the language of international diplomacy.As more countries work together to address global issues such as climate change, English will bee increasingly important as a tool for munication and negotiation. Finally, English isthe language of science and technology. As more breakthroughs are made in fields such as medicine and engineering, theability to municate in English will be essential forscientists and researchers to collaborate and share knowledge.Therefore, it is crucial that schools and universities in non-English-speaking countries prioritize English language education. Students must be given the opportunity to learnEnglish from an early age in order to develop proficiency in the language. This will ensure that they are able to pete in the global job market and participate fully in international discourse.In addition, gover____ents and businesses must invest in language learning resources and programs to support the development of English language skills. This includes providing access to high-quality English language schools, online resources, and training programs for teachers.Overall, the importance of English language proficiency cannot be overstated. With the world being more interconnected and munication more critical, the ability to municate effectively in English will be essential in shaping the future of our society. It is therefore imperative that we prioritize English language education and invest in language learning resources to ensure that we are prepared for the challenges and opportunities of the future.随着我们进入全球化的新阶段，沟通的作用变得越来越重要。
6月四级翻译真题及答案2023
6月四级翻译真题及答案20236月四级翻译真题以及答案2023年6月四级翻译真题以及答案——义务教育中国政府一直重视义务教育，使每个儿童都有受教育的机会，自1986年《义务教育法》生效以来，经过不懈努力，实现全民义务教育的目标。
如今，在中国，儿童从6岁开始上小学，从小学到初中接受九年义务教育，自20XX年秋季开始，义务教育阶段无需缴纳学费，随着一系列教育改革的实施，中国义务教育质量显著提高。
The Chinese government has been emphasizing compulsory education all the time, making it available to each and every child. Since "Law of Compulsory Education" came intoforce in 1986, the authorities have made relentless efforts to achieve the goal of compulsory education for all. Nowa-days, the Chinese children start school at 6 and receive 9-year compulsory education from the primary school to the junior middle school. In the autumn of 20XX, free compulsory education took effect. With the implementation of a series of educational reforms, the quality of Chinas compulsory education has been considerably improved.6月四级翻译真题以及答案——高等教育改革开放40多年以来，中国政府对高等教育越来越重视，高等教育已经进入稳步发展阶段。
大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)-试卷233
大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）-试卷233(总分：52.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Translation(总题数：26，分数：52.00)1.Part Ⅳ Translation（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.九寨沟气候宜人，夏季凉爽，冬无寒风。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Jiuzhaigou enjoys a favorable climate which is cool in summer but free from cold windin winter．)解析：解析：原句含三个汉语短句，但都是对“九寨沟”的描述，存在逻辑上的联系，译文中将第一个短句处理成主句，后两个短句则处理成which引导的定语从句，既能体现三个句子间的逻辑联系，也符合英语“多长句”的特点。
3.他的成功有几个方面的原因：第一个原因是靠自身勤奋，第二个原因是得到他导师的指点。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Several reasons accounted for his success．One was his own diligence．Another was theguidance from his tutor．)解析：解析：这个句中“原因”一共出现3次，如果都用reason，分别表述为：Several reasons…，the firstreason…：the second reason…，显然用词重复累赘。
大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)-试卷240
大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）-试卷240(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Translation(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.Part Ⅳ Translation（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.几年前，北京的打工族们 (migrant workers)经常抱怨买不起房子。
令他们意想不到的是，现在租房子也变成了难事。
相关部门发布的最新数据显示，今年9月，北京住房租金(housing rent)同比上涨4．5％，已经连续55个月 (55 consecutive months)上涨。
由于房租飞涨，越来越多的年轻人不得不放弃在北京的就业机会，选择回到家乡工作。
对一个城市的长久发展来说，这无疑是一个损失。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：A few years ago, migrant workers in Beijing often complained that they could not afford a house. But now, they unexpectedly find that renting house has also become very difficult. According to the latest data released by the department concerned, in this September, housing rents rose by 4.5% year on year, which have been increasing for 55 consecutive months. Due to the soaring rents, more and more young people have to give up the opportunity to work in Beijing and choose to go back to their hometowns. It is no doubt a loss for the long-term development of a city.)解析：解析：1．第1句中的“抱怨买不起房子”是汉语中的连动句，翻译时，需把“买不起房子”处理成“抱怨”的内容，用that引导的宾语从句来表达，译作complained that they could not afford a house。
12月英语四级翻译真题及参考答案
2023年12月英语四级翻译真题及参考答案2023年12月英语四级考试翻译真题及参考答案翻译1改革开放以来，中国人的饮食发生了显著的变化。
过去由于经济落后，食品种类有限，数量不足，人们仅仅满足于吃得饱。
如今中国经济快速发展，食品不仅更多丰富多样，质量也大幅提高。
随着生活水平不断提升，人们对饮食的要求越来越高，更加注重吃的营养。
因此目前市场上推出的低脂、低糖、有机食品受到人们的普遍欢迎。
Since the reform and opening-up, Chinese diet has undergone significant changes.In the past when the economy was backward, food was so short in both kinds and amount that people were only concerned about whether they had enough to eat. Today, as the Chinese economy develops rapidly, food is not only more diverse but also much better in quality. With the improvement of living conditions, people have higher demand for food, paying more attention to foodnutrition.Therefore,low-fat,low-sugar and organic foods that are launched into the market enjoy great popularity among people.翻译2中国政府十分重视人民的健康饮食。
通过大力提倡健康饮食，人们对合理营养增进健康的重要性有了更加深刻的认识。
英语四级阅读高频词汇
●社会道德类高频词汇●reform vt /n 改革，改造●考：welfare reform福利改革●例：They reformed the voting system他们改革了投票制度●派：reformer n 改革者reformism n 改革主义●demonstrate vt 展示，论证；vi 举行示威游行●考：demonstrate against游行反对…●派：demonstration n 示威●inspect vt 检查，视察●考：inspect sth/sb for检查，察看●派：inspector n 检查员inspection n 检查●interfere vi 干涉，介入●考：interfere in/with干扰，妨碍●appease vt平息●例：There was a clever attempt to appease the people ●这是平息人们怒火的好方法●reconcile vt使协调，使和解●考：reconcile to使顺从于●commit vt犯（错误、罪行），使承诺，把…托付●考：commit suicide自杀commit oneself使承担义务●be committed to sth 致力于…●verify vt核实，查对●例：Bill’s statement was verified by several witnesses ●吉姆被裁定有罪，同时也被免去了军衔●strip vt剥夺，脱去…的衣服●例：Jim was found guilty and stripped of his rank●比尔的陈述得到了几位目击者的证实●investigate vt 调查，研究●例：Police were investigating the cause of an explosion ●警方正在调查一起爆炸事件的起因●派：investigation n 调查●depend vi 依靠的，依赖的●考：depend on sb 依靠，依赖●派：dependent a 依靠的be dependent on sb 依赖某人●resist vt 抵制●例：Many people resist change 很多人不喜欢变化●派：resistant a 抵制的； resistance n 抵制●contemporary a当代的n当代人●例：contemporary literature当代文学●moral a道德的●例：moral sense道德观moral standard道德标准●派：morality n 道德moralism n 道德教育●native a出生的，当地的●考：native speaker说母语的人●realistic a现实的，实际可行的●例：Is that a realistic target？这是一个现实的目标吗？●responsible a有责任的●考：be responsible for sth对某事负责●wicked a邪恶的●例：The criminal denied that he had done anything wicked ●罪犯否认他做过邪恶的勾当●helpless a无助的●例：the helpless victim无助的受害者●ethic n伦理，道德标准●例：professional ethics职业道德●guideline n指导原则●guidelines of the employment雇佣的指导方针●rumor n谣言●例：rumor has it that……有谣言声称●immigrant n移民●例：illegal immigrants非法移民●individual n个人a个人的●例：the welfare of individual个人的福利●派：individualism n 个体主义individuality n 个性●consequence n后果，结果●考：negative consequence不良后果●commercial consequence商业后果●派：consequent a 随之发生的consequently ad 因此●status n地位，身份●例：social status社会地位●population n人口●例：the density of population人口的密度crime n犯罪例：commit crime犯罪abuse n虐待，滥用例：drug abuse吸毒，child abuse虐待孩童派：abusive a 辱骂的gang n一帮，一伙例：a gang of robbers一群强盗派：gangster黑帮灾难类高频词emerge vi.浮现;(问题)发生，暴露考：emerge from浮现例： emerging market新兴市场派：emergence n.形成，出现;emergency n.紧急情况collapse vi. 倒塌;崩溃，突然失败;例： The roof collapsed suddenly. 屋顶突然塌了infect vt.传染;影响例：get infected受感染派：infection n.感染wreck vt. 毁坏;使…失事;n.失事，残害;精神身体垮掉的人例：a plane wreck飞机失事派：wreckage n.残骸spread vt.展开;散布，蔓延;涂;n.传播，蔓延考：spread out散开伸张，延伸例：the rapid spread of cholera霍乱的迅速蔓延claim vt.声称，索取，提出要求;(灾难)使死亡n.索赔考：lay claim to声称对…由权利;claim for要求例： Wenchuan Earthquake has claimed 60,000 people.汶川地震夺走60,000人的生命.survive vi.幸存;逃出例： The miners survived in the mine accident矿工在矿井事故中幸存下来.派：survival n.存活survivor n.幸存者injure vt. 伤害，损伤例：He was badly/severely injured.他受重伤do sb/oneself an injury使受伤害派：injury n. 伤害transmit vt.传播，发射;传送，传染例： The disease is transmitted among people.疾病在人群中蔓延.派：transmission n.传播rescue vt. n. 营救，救援考：come to one’s rescue拯救…例： Survivors were rescued by helicopter.生还者被直升机营救. donate vt.捐赠，赠送例： to donate money/blood捐款/鲜血派： donation n. donator n.捐赠人accidental a.意外的，偶然的例：accidental damage意外损伤派：accident n.事故，意外; accidentally ad.意外地miserable a.痛苦的，悲惨的，可怜的例： a miserable cold重感冒派：misery n. 痛苦科技类高频词汇vanish vi. 消失、突然间消失例：My fear varnished. 我的恐惧突然消失digital a. 数字的、数字显示的考：digital age数码时代electrical a.电的，与电有关的考：electrical appliance电器设备electronic a. 电子的考：electronic device电子设备optical a.光的、眼的例：optical instruments光学仪器universal a. 普遍的,全体的;通用的,万能的派：universe n.宇宙例：universal truth普遍真理solar a.太阳能的例：solar energy太阳能solid a. 固体的、实心的、结实例：solid fuel固体燃料solid evidence可信的证据派：solidarity n. 团结solidify v. 凝固infinite a. 无限的、无边无际的例：infinite patience无限的耐心mechanical a. 机械的例：mechanical engineering机械工程师派：mechanic a.机械的precise a. 精确的派：precision n. 精确logical a. 逻辑的派：logic n. 逻辑illogical a. 不合逻辑的psychological a. 心理的、心理学的派：psychology n.心理phenomenon n. 现象、迹象派：phenomenal a. 显著的考：a common phenomenon普遍现象bacteria n. 细菌element n. 元素、成分、元件派：elemental a. 基本的、元素的elementary a. 基本的、初步的biology n. 生物学、生态学evolution n. 演变、进化例：the theory of evolution进化论 mathematics n. 算术派：mathematical a. 数学上的formula n. 原则、方案、公式例：peace formula和平方案statistic n. 统计数值、统计资料例：statistic data统计数据vitamin n. 维生素protein n. 蛋白质oxygen n. 氧、氧气记：oxy(氧的)+gen(产生)=氧气carbon n. 碳考：carbon dioxide二氧化碳measurement n. 衡量、测量例：three measurements三围派：measure vt. 衡量,测量intelligence n. 智力、智慧、情报派：intelligent a. 智慧的例：artificial intelligence人工智能 graph n. 图表、图解navigation n. 航行、导航派：navigate v. 导航例：navigation system导航系统dimension n. 方面、纬、长(或宽、厚)等派：dimensional a. 空间的例：three dimensional space三纬空间艺术类高频词civilize vt. 使文明;使开化派：civilization n.文明，文化inspire vt. 鼓舞，激起;给…以灵感考：inspire sb. with sth./inspire sth. in sb. 激起某人的…,使某人产生…派：inspiring a. 鼓舞人心的;inspiration灵感;inspired a. 受灵感启示的compose vt.组成，构成;创作，为…谱曲;使平静考：be composed of由…组成; compose oneself to do sth. 静下心来做某事派：composition n. 作品;composite a. 混合的n.合成物draw vt. 画，描绘;拖vi. (向某方向)移动n. 平局;抽签考：draw near临近，来临; draw on利用;临近draw in (汽车或火车)到站; draw up起草;(使) 停住;represent vt.作为…的代表;表示;描绘派：representation n. 表现;代表;representational a. 表象的; representative n. 代表a.(of)有代表性的convert vt.(使)转变，(使)转化;(使)改变信仰(或态度等)派：conversion n. 转变;皈依preach vt.宣讲(教义)，布道;竭力鼓吹vi. 布道，说教modify vi. 修改，更改;(语法上)修饰派：modification n. 更改，修正concrete a. 实在的，具体的，混凝土制的n.混凝土例：concrete evidence具体的证据relevant a. 有关的，切题的考：be relevant to与…有关派：relevance n. 有关，相关;irrelevant a. 不相关的;不切题的original a. 起初的;新颖的;原版的n. 原件，原作派：originality n. 创意，新奇profound a. 深度的，深远的;知识渊博的，见解深刻的;深奥的派：profoundly ad. 深度地remarkable a. 值得注意的，引人注目的;异常的，非凡的派：remarkably ad. 显著地abstract a. 抽象的;抽象派的n. 摘要;抽象派艺术作品vt. 摘要考：in the abstract抽象地，在理论上派：abstracted a. 抽象的;abstraction n. 抽象概念，抽象化状态supplement n. 增补(物);增刊vt. 增补，补充派：supplementary a. 增补的supplementation n. 增补，补充symbol n. 符号派：symbolize v. 象征;symbolic a. 象征的;符号的orchestra n.管弦乐队派：orchestral a. 管弦乐的;orchestration n. 管弦乐编曲rhythm n. 节奏，韵律派：rhythmical a. 有韵律的，有节奏的tune n. 曲调，曲子;vt. 为(乐器)调音;调整，调解考：in tune (with) (与...)一致; out of tune调不准，走调，不协调; tune in (to) 收看，收听architect n. 建筑师，设计师，缔造者派：architecture n. 建筑，建筑学; architectural a. 建筑上的religion n. 宗教;宗教信仰例：the Islamic religion伊斯兰教派：religious a. 宗教的，虔诚的belief n. 相信，信任;信念;想法考：in the belief that希望;beyond belief难以相信; shake one’s belief改变某人的想法; have great belief in sb. 非常信任某人balcony n. 阳台bolt n. 螺栓，插销vt. 栓vi. 逃跑考：nuts and bolts具体细节a bolt from/ out of the blue晴天霹雳，意外事件conjunction n. 结合，联合;连(接)词考：in conjunction with与…共同tone n. 腔调，语气;音调;色调vt. 增强考：tone down (使)缓和，柔和;tone up增强sketch n. 草图;梗概;素描v. 素描考：sketch out简要地叙述派：sketching n. 草图pursuit n. 追求，追赶 [常pl.](花时间和精力的)事，消遣考：in hot pursuits穷追不舍literature n. 文学;文献，图书资料例：romantic literature浪漫主义文学gallery n. 美术馆，画廊;(议会等的)旁听席例：an art gallery一间艺术画廊; the public gallery旁听席娱乐类高频词amuse vt逗笑、给…提供娱乐考：amuse oneself by doing sth做某事来消遣派：amused a 愉快的amusement n 娱乐品entertain vt 招待；给…提供娱乐例：This hotel is famous for its entertainment 这家旅馆以它的殷勤待客闻名派：entertainment n 娱乐relax vt （使）放松，例：A hot bath should help to relax you 一个热水澡有助于缓解疲劳派：relaxed a不严格的，不拘束的；relaxation n放松skate vt 溜冰例：The children skated on the frozen pond 孩子们在结冰的池塘上滑冰ski vi滑雪n滑雪板refresh vt （使）恢复记忆，振作精神考：refresh one’s memory重新唤起记忆enthusiastic a 热心的，热情的例：All the staff are enthusiastic about the sports 所有职员都对体育感兴趣派：enthusiasm n 热情巨大兴趣leisure a 空闲的n 空闲时间例：leisure time空闲时间at leisure闲暇时prevalent a流行的，普遍的例：The color is prevalent in some countries 这种颜色在一些国家很流行slim a苗条的，薄的例：a slim waist纤细的腰派：slimmer n 减肥者fashionable a流行的、普遍的考：be in fashion流行be out of fashion落后recreation n 娱乐，消遣考：recreational activities娱乐活动派：recreational a 娱乐的episode n插曲，连续剧的一集例：the first episode of the comedy那喜剧的第一集series n 连续剧，一系列考：a series of一系列pop n流行音乐例：pop music流行音乐movie n电影例：movie star电影明星poster n海报，招贴画例：the poster for exhibition展览海报spectator n观众cartoon n卡通漫画例：cartoon characters卡通人物comedy n喜剧例：silent comedy无声喜剧tragedy n悲剧，惨事例：Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s best known tragedies 《哈姆莱特》是莎翁最著名的悲剧之一hobby n爱好baseball n棒球例：The heavy rain interrupted the baseball game大雨中断了棒球比赛soccer n （美国）足球volleyball n排球chess n国际象棋gym n体育馆ameteur n业余爱好者a业余的例：an ameteur orchestra一个业余的管弦乐队athlete n运动员例：a professional athlete专业的运动员派：athletic运动的sportsman n运动员例：an all-round sportsman一个全能的运动员感情类高频词overcome vt 战胜，克服例：overcome difficulties克服困难annoy vt 使烦恼，使恼怒派：annoying a 令人恼人的； annoyance n 烦恼；annoyed a 颇为生气的despair vi 绝望； n 绝望考：despair of绝望； sb be in despair某人处于绝望中frustrate vt 使沮丧，使灰心派：frustration n 挫折； frustrating a 令人沮丧的embarrass vt 使窘迫，使尴尬派：embarrassed a （某人）尴尬的；embarrassment n 沮丧； embarrassing a （某事）令人尴尬的envy vt 嫉妒，羡慕n 羡慕，嫉妒neglect vt 忽视，忽略n 疏忽，忽视考：neglect of duty玩忽职守oppress vt 压迫，压制派：oppressed a 压抑的，受压迫的； oppression n 压迫admire vt 钦佩，赞赏，羡慕派：admirable a 令人羡慕； admiration n 赞赏，钦佩restrain vt 阻止，控制；抑制，遏止考：restrain sb from doing sth 抑制某人做某事relieve vt 使轻松，使宽慰；缓解，减轻例：relieve pain缓解疼痛； relieve anxiety缓解焦虑complain vt 抱怨，诉苦考：complain about（of） sb /sth 抱怨…派：complaint n 埋怨insult vt 侮辱，辱骂n 侮辱，凌辱conscious a 意识到的，自觉的考：be conscious of意识到派：consciousness n 知觉；意识unconscious a 无意识的subconscious a 下意识的self-consciousness n 自我，自觉intense a 激烈的，紧张的例：intense competition激烈的竞争intense feelings激烈的情感派：intensity n 强度； intensive a 密集的eager a 热切的，渴望的考：eager to do sth 渴望做某事optimistic a 乐观（主义）的考：be optimistic about sth 对…乐观positive a 确实的，明确的，积极的考：positive effect积极作用negative a 负面的，消极的panic n 恐慌，慌乱vi 使恐慌，使惊慌失措例：The crowd paniced at the sound of the explosion 爆炸声一响，人群便惊慌起来jealous a 嫉妒的，猜忌的考：be jealous of sth 对…嫉妒upset vt使心烦意乱； a 心烦的，苦恼的； n不安考：sth upset sb 某事使某人心烦意乱sb be upset about sth 某人对某事苦恼派：upsetting a 令人心烦意乱的sympathetic a 同情的，体谅的考：be sympathetic to/with同情派：sympathize v体谅； sympathy n 同情concern n 关切的事；关心；关系例：be concerned about/with/to对…很关心hatred n 憎恶，憎恨affection n 喜爱，感情，爱慕之情派：affectionate a 爱的，挚爱的passion n 激情，热情，酷爱派：passionate a 激情的preference n 喜爱，偏爱，优先（权）派：prefer vt 倾向于stress n 压力，紧张派：stressful a 紧张的gratitude n 感激，感谢派：grateful a 感激的工作类的高频词employ vt 雇佣；使用考：in the employ of受雇于派：employer n 雇主；employee n 雇员employment n 雇佣，工作unemployment n 失业qualify vt （使）胜任，（使）具有资格考：qualify for sth 使具有…的资格派：qualification n 资格，条件；qualified a 有资格的assign vt 指派，选派；分配，布置（作业）派：assignment作业undertake vt 承担，着手做；保证，同意考：undertake sth 从事…派：undertaking n 事业，任务occupy vt 使忙碌，使从事；占领，占用派：occupation n 职业；occupant n 居住者；occupancy n 占有exert vt 用力；运用，发挥，施加考：exert oneself努力，尽力；exert all one’s strength尽某人全力派：exertion n 努力；发挥，行使alter vt 改变；修改衣服派：alternation n 改变，变更；unaltered a 未被改变的，不变的；alternative n 替换物，选择resign vi 辞职vt 辞去，放弃；使顺从考：resign from辞职resign to使顺从equal a 胜任的，合格的；平等的vt 等于考：be equal to相等的；胜任的，合适的派：equally ad 相等地； equality n 同等，平等inferior a 劣等的；下级的n 下级，下属考：be inferior to sth /sb 比…差，不如…派：inferiority n 下级；自卑感capable a 有能力的考：be capable of能够brilliant a 卓越的；光辉的派：brilliantly ad 辉煌地，灿烂地auxiliary a 辅助的，补助的；附属的；备用的例：the auxiliary generator备用发电机vacant a 空着的；（职位、工作等）空缺的；（神情）茫然的派：vacancy n 空处，空缺enterprise n 企业，事业考：joint enterprise合资企业例：with enterprise and creativity事业心和创造力hunt n /v 寻找；打猎；追捕派：hunter n 猎人job-hunter找工作的人考：hunt down对…穷追到底；go hunting打猎；hunt for寻找interview n 面试candidate n 候选人resume n 简历；摘要v （中断后）重新开始，恢复派：resumption n 重新开始ability n 本事，能力；才能考：to the best of one’s ability尽某人最大努力；the ability to do sth 从事（某事）的能力grasp n /vt 理解，领会；抓紧，抓牢考：within sb ’s grasp为某人所能及的例：grasp opportunities抓住机会commitment n 承诺，保证；献身；承担的义务例：the commitment of the staff员工的义务grind n 苦差事vt 磨；压迫vi 磨擦得吱吱作响考：grind for an exam用功准备考试；grind out生拼硬凑地写出grind away at English studies刻苦攻读英语；派：grinder磨工strain n 过度劳累，极度紧张；扭伤vt 扭伤；拉紧vi 尽力考：mental strain精神紧张interval n 间隔，间距；幕间（或工间）休息考：at intervals不时；相隔一定距离subordinate n 部属，下级a 下级的，次要的vt 使处于次要地位，使从属于考：be subordinate to次要的，从属的deputy n 副职，副手；代表，代理人考：deputy mayor副市长freelance n 自由职业者，独立行动的人a 自由职业者的prospect n 前途，（成功等的）可能性v 勘探，勘察考：prospect for勘探，勘察派：prospective a 未来的prospector n 勘探者，采矿者allowance n 津贴，补贴，零用钱考：make allowance（s） for考虑到，顾及；体谅；原谅seal n 印，图章；封印，封条；海豹vt （密）封考：seal off封闭，封锁； break the seal拆封派：sealed密封的deadline n 最后期限医学类高频词disable vt 使无能力；使残废transplant vt 移植记：trans（转移）+plant（种植）=移植派：transplantation n 移植prescribe v 开处方派：prescription n 处方diagnose vt 诊断、判断派：diagnosis n 诊断soothe vt 安慰、使平静、减轻、缓和例：This medicine should smooth your sore throat 这种药会减轻你的喉痛alleviate vt 减轻、缓和、缓解例：alleviate pain缓解疼痛expire vi 断气、（期限）终止例：My driving licence expires next month我的驾照下个月到期chronic a 慢性的考：chronic diseases慢性疾病dizzy a 头晕目眩的resistant a 有抵抗力的、抵抗的派：resistance n 抵抗、阻力immune a 免疫的，不受影响的派：be immune to免于，不受影响的be immune from免除的disorder n 混乱、失调例：economic disorder经济记：dis（否定前缀）+ order（秩序）discomfort n 不适syndrome n 综合症考：AIDS艾滋病（Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome）handicap n 缺陷、障碍派：handicapped a 有缺陷的派：disabled a 伤残的strain n 拉紧、过劳、扭伤vt 拉伤、使紧张vi 尽力派：restrained vt 抑制，遏制；管制，surgeon n 外科医生派：surgery n 外科、外科手术physician n 内科医生pregnancy n 怀孕、怀孕期派：pregnant a 怀孕的remedy n 治疗法、补救办法bacteria n 细菌stress n 压力派：stressful a 有压力的absent-minded n 心不在焉的医生给她注射以减轻疼痛bandage n 绷带stroke n 中风pharmacy n 药房、药店、药剂学、配药capsule n 胶囊、航天舱、密封舱例：a space capsule太空舱pill n 药片例：take pills服药tablet n 药片scar n 伤疤、创伤v 留下伤痕经济类高频词accelerate vt （使）加速，增速例：accelerate the rate of economic growth加速经济增长派：acceleration n 加速accelerating a 加速的boost vt 提高，推动，使增长n 推动，增长例：boost the economy推动经济增长派：booster n 支持者，推动器mushroom vi 迅速成长n 蘑菇例：sth Mushroom …快速成长/增加flourish vi 繁荣，茂盛； vt挥动例：the nation’s economy will flourish国家经济将繁荣发展thrive vi 兴旺，繁荣例：The company managed to thrive after a recession经济衰退后该公司设法兴旺起来impose vt 把…强加于；征税考：impose on/upon把…强加于例：to impose local tax征收地方税派：imposing a 壮观的，令人难忘的restore vt 恢复，修复；归还，交还例： restore the economy to full strength完全恢复经济发展派：restoration n 修复revive v 使复苏vi 恢复例：The economy of these areas is beginning to revive这些地方的经济开始复苏soar vi 猛增，高飞；（情绪）高涨例：Oil prices have soared in recent weeks石油价格最近几周飚升squeeze vt 挤，压榨；n 拮据，紧缺；握手例：financial squeeze财政困难exceed vt 超过，越出例：The benefits exceed $10 million利润超过1千万美元派：exceeding a 超过的；exceedingly ad 非常allocate vt 分配，把…拨给例：allocate money for the project给项目拨款派：allocation n 配给，分配slash vt 砍；大量削减；n 砍，斜线号考：slashed red tape革除繁文缛节例：slash fares by about 30% 削减票价30%negotiate vt 洽谈；顺利通过vi协商例：to negotiate the cooperation items谈判公司项目派：negotiation n 谈判negotiable a 可协商的distribute vt分发，分配；散布例：Milk has been distributed to the local shops牛奶已经分发到当地商店派：distribution n 分发；distributed a 分布的distributor n 发行人substantial a 大量的，结实的；实质的；例：substantial investment大笔投资bankrupt a 破产的，彻底缺乏的，v 使破产n 破产者例：the bankrupt oil company破产的石油公司派：bankruptcy n 破产economy n 经济，经济情况；省俭，充分利用例：the market economy市场经济派：economize v 节俭economic a 经济学的prosperity n 繁荣，兴旺例：economic prosperity经济繁荣例：prosperous a 繁荣的constraint n 约束；限制例：economic and cultural constraint经济文化制约hardship n 艰难，困苦例：economic hardships经济困难recession n 衰退（期）例：economic recession经济衰退budget n 预算vi 做安排vt 规划a 收费公路例：annual budget每年的预算corporation n 公司例：multinational corporation跨国公司entrepreneur n 企业家例：a young property entrepreneur年轻的地产企业家commission n 委员会；佣金，回扣；例：The salesman takes a 5% commission on the sales he makes 推销员得到他销售额5%的佣金派：commissioner n 委员installment n 分期付款；（分期连载）部分例：the installment plans分期付款计划warranty n 担保书，证书，保单例：The warranty expires tomorrow 担保书明天到期venture n 风险投资，（商业）风险项目；vi冒险例：a joint venture合资企业派：venturesome a 好冒险的。
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【原文】中国政府高度重视保护环境，认为保护环境关系到国家现代化建设的全局和长远发展，是造福当代、惠及子孙的事业。
中国政府将环境保护确立为一项基本国策，在推进经济发展的同时，采取一系列措施加强保护环境。
特别是近年来，中国政府坚持预防为主、综合治理、全面推进、重点突破，着力解决危害人民群众健康的突出环境问题；坚持创新体制机制，领先科学进步，强化环境法治，发挥社会各方面的积极性。
经过努力，环境污染和生态破坏加剧的趋势减缓，部分流域污染治理初见成效，部分城市和地区环境质量有所改善，全社会保护环境意识进一步增强。
【参考译文1】The Chinese government attaches great importance to environmental protection. It believes that environmental protection has a bearing on the overall situation of China?s modernization drive and its long-term development and that it is an undertaking which will not only benefit the Chinese people of today but also bring benefit to their children and grand children. The Chinese government has established environmental protection as a basic national policy. While promoting economic growth, it has adopted a series of measures to protect the environment. Especially in recent years, adhering to the principle of prevention first, comprehensive control, entire push-on and key-point breakthrough, Chinese government has made great efforts to solve those outstanding environmental problems that threaten people?s health. It has persisted in institutional innovation, relied on technological advances, strengthened the role of law in environmental protection and brought into4full play the initiative of various sectors of the society. Thanks to these efforts, the trend toward aggravated environmental pollution and ecological destruction has slowed down, pollution control in some river basins has achieved some initial success, the environmental quality of some cities and regions has improved to some extent, and the people?s awareness of the importance of environmental protection has increased further.【参考译文2】The Chinese government attaches great importance to environmental protection. It believes that environmental protection will have a direct impact on the overall situation of China's modernization drive and its long-term development, and considers environmental protection an undertaking that will not only benefit the Chinese people of today but also their children and grandchildren. Years ago, the Chinese government established environmental protection as a basic national policy and sustainable development as an important strategy, and has adhered to the road of a new type of industrialization. While promoting economic growth, it has adopted a whole array of measures to strengthen environmental protection. Especially in recent years, the Chinese government has adhered to focusing on preventive measures, comprehensive control and overall progress with breakthroughs at some key points, and worked hard to solve conspicuous environmental problems threatening people's health. At the same time, it has continued its efforts for institutional innovation, relied on scientific and technological advances, strengthened the legal system of environmental protection, and brought into full play the initiative of people of all walks of life. Thanks to these efforts, although the amount of resource consumption and pollutants is increasing greatly, the trend toward aggravated environmental pollution and ecologicaldestruction is slowing down; especially, environmental pollution control in some river valleys has seen some positive results, the environmental quality of some cities and regions has improved, and the people's awareness of the importance of environmental protection has enhanced.【评析】1.“高度重视”除可译为attach great importance to，外，亦可译为set（或put/lay） great/high store by/on?、lay（或put/place） stress on/upon?、give prominence to?和think highly of?。
2. have a bearing on?需牢记，该短语的含义是to have an effect or influence on sth.。
3.“基本国策”的译法basic national/state policy需牢记。
4.“突出（的）”也可以译为salient。
5. “社会各方面”两种译文处理方法不同，均可参考。
people of all walks of life系固定搭配。
6. bring sth. into full play系固定搭配，用来翻译“发挥……的积极性”很妥帖。
7. “经过努力”切不可字对字死译，否则必是中式英语。
译为Thanks to these efforts,才是准确的译文。
8. “进一步增强”译为??has increased further不如译为?has enhanced简洁、地道。
【原文】中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。
早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说和学派。
这就是有名的诸子百家。
从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族的传统文化有它的许多珍品，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。
比如，强调仁爱、强调群体、强调天下为公，特别是“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的爱国情操和吃苦耐劳、勤俭持家、尊师重教的传统美德。
所有这些，对家庭、对国家和社会都起到了巨大的维系和调节作用。
【参考译文】The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course. More than 2,000 years ago there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, Taoism, represented by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term, "the masters' hundred schools."From Confucius to Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, and on the idea that the world is for all, especially on patriotism as embodied in the saying, "everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country;" and long suffering and hard working diligence and frugality in21household management, and respecting teachers and valuing education. All these have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and the society.【评析】1.“中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。