国外教育心理学课件.ppt
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constructivism and sociocultural theory? • How can teachers use the resources of cultural
institutions effectively? • Can learners with special needs benefit from social-
constructivist or sociocultural approaches to learning? • How can teachers use scaffolding techniques to work
with diverse learners?
Educational Psychology, Canadian Edition
Educational Psychology, Canadian Edition
Social Learning Theory
• Four things that students learn through vicarious experiences:
– New behaviours – New consequences – Performance expectations – Self-talk
Educational Psychology, Canadian Edition
Modelling
• Observational learning – learning by observing other individuals
– The observer must see the model’s behaviour as positive or useful
EDUCATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY
REFLECTION FOR ACTION
Canadian Edition
O’Donnell, D’Amico, Schmid, Reeve, Smith
CHAPTER 8 Social Constructivism and
Learning in Community
Chapter 8 Social Constructivism and Learning in the Community
• Themes for the chapter
– Social learning emphasizes the ability to learn from observation
Educational Psychology, Canadian Edition
Guiding Questions
• What is social learning theory? • What is necessary for observational learning to occur? • How is scaffolding used in instruction? • What kinds of instruction are influenced by social
Social Learning Theory
• Social learning (BanHale Waihona Puke Baiduura, 1977) is a synonym for vicarious learning
– Vicarious learning – learning from the experience of another person
– Vicarious reinforcement – if another person is reinforced for a behaviour, the likelihood of an observer engaging in that behaviour is increased
– Vicarious punishment – if another person is punished, the likelihood of an observer engaging in that behaviour is decreased
Educational Psychology, Canadian Edition
Social Learning Theory
Modelling – learning by watching another • Three types of modelling effects:
– Observational learning – Inhibitory and disinhibitory effects – Response facilitation effects
– An observer who attends to a model’s behaviour closely is more likely to acquire that behaviour
Educational Psychology, Canadian Edition
Modelling
– A model that has status or prestige and is similar to the observer is more likely to be imitated
– An observer who is engaging in a task is more likely to learn from a model who is engaging in a similar task
– Scaffolding is an integral part of social constructivist theories of learning
– Informal learning environments such as museums, art galleries, and parks allow families to take part in their children’s learning
institutions effectively? • Can learners with special needs benefit from social-
constructivist or sociocultural approaches to learning? • How can teachers use scaffolding techniques to work
with diverse learners?
Educational Psychology, Canadian Edition
Educational Psychology, Canadian Edition
Social Learning Theory
• Four things that students learn through vicarious experiences:
– New behaviours – New consequences – Performance expectations – Self-talk
Educational Psychology, Canadian Edition
Modelling
• Observational learning – learning by observing other individuals
– The observer must see the model’s behaviour as positive or useful
EDUCATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY
REFLECTION FOR ACTION
Canadian Edition
O’Donnell, D’Amico, Schmid, Reeve, Smith
CHAPTER 8 Social Constructivism and
Learning in Community
Chapter 8 Social Constructivism and Learning in the Community
• Themes for the chapter
– Social learning emphasizes the ability to learn from observation
Educational Psychology, Canadian Edition
Guiding Questions
• What is social learning theory? • What is necessary for observational learning to occur? • How is scaffolding used in instruction? • What kinds of instruction are influenced by social
Social Learning Theory
• Social learning (BanHale Waihona Puke Baiduura, 1977) is a synonym for vicarious learning
– Vicarious learning – learning from the experience of another person
– Vicarious reinforcement – if another person is reinforced for a behaviour, the likelihood of an observer engaging in that behaviour is increased
– Vicarious punishment – if another person is punished, the likelihood of an observer engaging in that behaviour is decreased
Educational Psychology, Canadian Edition
Social Learning Theory
Modelling – learning by watching another • Three types of modelling effects:
– Observational learning – Inhibitory and disinhibitory effects – Response facilitation effects
– An observer who attends to a model’s behaviour closely is more likely to acquire that behaviour
Educational Psychology, Canadian Edition
Modelling
– A model that has status or prestige and is similar to the observer is more likely to be imitated
– An observer who is engaging in a task is more likely to learn from a model who is engaging in a similar task
– Scaffolding is an integral part of social constructivist theories of learning
– Informal learning environments such as museums, art galleries, and parks allow families to take part in their children’s learning