初中英语语法知识点

英语语法主要知识整理

一、一般疑问句。

1.be动词、情态动词变一般疑问句。把be动词或情态动词（can、may、must…）提前。

例：He can swim. → Can he swim？

2.实意动词变一般疑问句。在句首加 do、does或 did后用动词原

形。

二、反义疑问句。

前半个句子一般疑问句的前两个词，主语用人称代词。（前肯后否） The boy likes drwing，doesn’t he？

含有否定意义的词：hardly、never、few、little、seldom。

三、

当从句的主语与主句的主语相同或在前面提过时，去掉；从句中有助动词、be动词或情态动词时去掉，去情态动词加“to”。

例：The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.

→The boy is too young to go to schoo.

四、

表示前边所说情况同样适合后者，用so+一般疑问语序。

↗ I am a student，too.

例：He is a student → So am I.

↘Me，too.

否定句中用neither。

He doesn’t like readily，neither does his father.

当主语指同一个人时，用陈述语序“的确如此”。

例：We are tired，so we are.

→We are tired，so are they.

五、感叹句：

1、What/How……!

例：It is a beautiful flower.

→What a beautiful flower it is！

→How beautiful the flower is！

2、冠词（a、an、the）在形容词之前用what；冠词在adj.之后用how；没有冠词时，看adj.有无名词，有名词用what，没有名词用how。

例：They are beautiful flowers.

→What beautiful flowers they are！

3、Such的用法与感叹句中的what相同。

六、现在完成时：have/has+ done（v.+ ed ）

1、表示从过去开始，一直持续到现在的一个动作或状态。常与表

示一般时间的时间状语连用：for+时间段；since+时间点，these days、in the last four years。

↗ for ten years.

例：We have lived here →since ten years ago.

有些动词不能够延续：buy、get、leave、many、die、begin、join……，但可以用其状态。

2、过去发生的事对现在造成的影响。

例：He lost his ticket.

→ He has lost his ticket，so he can’t get into the cinema. 常与already、yet、never、ever、just等连用。

例：I have already read it.

Have you ever been to Hainan？

七、过去进行：Was/Were+doing

1、当一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。

例：When I get home，my brother was watching TV.

当一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生了。

例：While my brother was watching TV，I got home.

2、当一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作也在同时进行。

例：While my brother was watching TV，I was cooking.

3、把过去的一个时间进一步具体时，用过去进行。

例：He playing baseball yesterday.

→He was playing baseball at 9：00 yesterday.

八、直接引语变间接引语

（一）

1、原句（引号内）是陈述句用that引导（可以省）

例：He said，“I will go to Beijing”

→He said（told us） that he would go to Beijing.

2、原句是一般问句用whether或if引导，后用陈述。

例：They asked,“Are you a doctor？”

→They asked me if/whether I was a doctor.

3、原句是特殊问句，保留特殊疑问词，后用陈述。

例：I asked him，“Where is your homework？”

→I asked him where his homework was.

4、原句是祈使句时，借助动词不定式（to do）。

（去掉主语you，和情态动词）

例：He said，“Don’t play in the street.”

→ He told/asked us not to play in the street.

（二）

1、当主语的谓语动词是过去时态，从句也要改用过去的某种形式。

例：He said，“I am reading”→He said that he was reading.

2、真理不变。