动词不定式用法小结

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动词不定式用法小结
动词不定式用法小结
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to+动词原形”，其中to
不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。

动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、
表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。

一•作主语例如：
To be a doctor is hard.
做医生很难。

To lear n En glish well is not easy.
学好英语不容易。

动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”
作形式主语，而把真正的主语--动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。

例如上面的句子可以表示为：
It is hard to be a doctor.
It is not easy to learn English w再女口:
It' s importa nt to pla nt trees in spri ng.
如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。

例：
It' s good for us to read En glish aloud in the morning.
对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。

It is important for students to use English every day.
对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。

二.作表语：
动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。

例：
His work is to drive a car.
他的工作是开车。

My job is to feed an imals.
我的工作是饲养动物。

Her ambition is to be a doctor.
她的理想是当医生。

三.作宾语
动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：beg in, start, want, forget, remember, show, lear n, like, hate, lo等。

ask 例：
I want to tell you a story.
卑微如蝼蚁、坚强似大象
我想给你讲个故事。

They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8 点开始工作。

Don' t forget to lock the door.
别忘了锁门。

Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？
*如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“to”例：
（1）He wants to go and have a swim with us. 他想和我们一起去游泳。

（2）若作宾语的动词不定式（短语）很长，可用it作形式宾语。

I find it interesting to learn English with you.
我觉得和你一起学英语很有趣。

He found it hard to catch up with others.
他觉得赶上别人很困难。

四.作宾语补足语。

例如：
The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning. 老师让我们早晨读半小时英语。

The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.
老师常告诉Jim不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。

Please let me help you.
让我来帮助你。

动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式
作
宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, ha等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“ to”，可以归纳为以下三种句式：
1. 不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：
tell /ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth.
例：The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow.
I want you to go now.
我想让你现在就走。

Her parents wish her to be a teacher.
她父母亲希望她当老师。

2省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：
Let / make / have sb. do sth.
Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩出去。

The boy made the baby cry.
男孩弄哭了这个小孩。

see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth.
I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday. 昨天我看见学生
们在操场打篮球。

I often hear the girl sing in the next room. 我经常听到女孩在隔壁唱歌。

3. 可省可不省的：
help sb. （to）do sth.
I often help my mothe（r to）do housework. 我经常帮妈妈做家务。

*动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not.例：
（1）Tell them not to play football in the street. 告诉他们不要在街道上踢足球。

（2）省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not.例：
Let the boy not go.
让那个男孩别走。

（3）如果将主动语态变为被动语态时，作宾语补足语的动词不定式变为主语补足语，动词不定式则不省“ to”，即原来省的再加上，例：
The boy made the baby cry.
The baby was made to cry by the boy. 那个孩子被男孩弄哭了。

五. 动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。

例：
Who was the first one to arrive?
谁第一个到的？
She has no paper to write on?
她没有纸写字？
The best way to learn English is to use it.
学英语最好的方法是使用它。

When is the best time to plant vegetables?
什么时候是种植蔬菜的最好时间？
Do you have something to drink?
你这有喝的吗？*动词不定式（短语）作定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。

例：
I have no chair to sit on.
我没有椅子坐。

He has no house to live in.
他没有房子住。

六. 动词不定式作目的状语：
动词不定式作目的状语常用在go, come, hurr等不及物动词后，表目的。

He went to see his sister yesterday.
他昨天去看妹妹了。

They got up early to catch the early bus.
他们早起去赶早班车。

有时可以把不定式（短语）提前，放于句首，表示强调目的。

例：
To early English quickly and well, he went to England. 为了更快更好地学英语，他去了英国。

七. 不定式和疑问词连用，可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语等。

例：
The problem is where to get a compute 表语）
No one knows how to do it.
没有人知道如何做这件事。

（宾）
I really don t know which one to choos（宾）
我真的不知道选哪一个。

Whe n and where to have the party is not know主语）
何时何地举行联欢还不知道。

*不定式和疑问词连用作宾语时有时可以改为宾语从句。

例：
I don't know what to do next.
我不知下一步该做什么？
I don't know what I should do next.
【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）
一. 选择填空：
1. He asked me ______ here earlier.
A. come
B. to come
C. coming
D. came
2. Please tell him _____ on the wall.
A. don't draw
B. to not draw
C. not to draw
D. not draw
3. He wanted ______ a cup of tea.
A. to have
B. having
C. have
D. had
4. I'd like _______ a word with you.
A. had
B. having
C. to have
D. have
5. I came here _____ my uncle.
A. saw
B. to see
C. seeing
D. to be seen
6. The man refused（拒绝）________ back his words.
A. to take
B. taking
C. took
D. takes
7. I can let you _______ o n e ticket.
A. to have
B. have
C. having
D. had
8. We often heard him _______ in his room.
A. to sing
B. sings
C. sang
D. sing
9. He was made ______ day and night.
A. work
B. working
C. to work
D. worked
10. He stopped _____ a look, but saw nothing.
A. having
B. to have
C. have
D. had
11. My father was too angry ________ a word.
A. to say
B. not to say
C. to saying
D. didn't say
12. My brother was old enough ______ to school.
A. went
B. goes
C. going
D. to go
13. It is time _______ him _______ supper.
A. of, to have
B. for, to have
C. of, having
D. for, to has
14. It's very kind ______ you ______ me.
A. of, to help
B. for, to help
C. of, help
D. of, helping
15. It's important ________ our classroom clean every day.
A. kept
B. to keep
C. to give
D. keep
16. Before liberation（解放）they had no chanee ______ to school.
A. went
B. go
C. to go
D. to be gone
17. He said he had an important meeting ______ .
A. attend
B. would attend
C. attending
D. to attend
18. Please give me a piece of paper ______ .
21. My wish is ______ a teacher.
A. becoming
B. to become
C. become
D. became
22. I want _______ him a letter now. A. to write B. not write C. write
D. wrote 23. It took us three days ________ the trees.
A. plant
B. planted
C. to plant
D. plants
24. Why not _______ here ______ me?
A. to come, to see
B. come, to see
C. came, seeing
D. come, see
25. He wishes me ____ my best _______ hard at English.
A. to do, to work
B. doing, working
C. to do, working
D. do, work
26. Please tell me ______ her. I have something ______ her.
A. where to find, telling
B. where to find, to tell
C. where can find, to tell
D. where finding, telling
27. How happy they are ____ each other again!
A. to see
B. see
C. saw
D. being seen
28. They decided （决心） ______ a letter ______ their thanks.
A. to write, express ing 表达）
B. writing, express
C. write, expressed
D. to write, to express
29. The officer ordered 命令） him ______ down ________ a rest.
A. lying, have
B. to lie, to have
C. to lie, having
D. lie, had
30. The headmaster called op 号召）us ______ h ard for our country.
A. to work
B. worked
C. work
D. to working
二 . 根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词。

1. He was so angry that he cou 'ldtnsay anything.
He was too angry _____________ anything.
2. I don 't know when we will have the meeting.
I don ' t know when ______ _______ the meeting.
3. He said he would write a letter.
A. to write
B. to write on 19. I don ' t know _____ . A. what do B. what will do 20. Your radio needs _______ A. to be repaired B. to repair
C. writing
D. to write it C. what to do D. do what C. repaired D. to repairing
He said he would have a letter _____ ______ .
4. That you read English in the morning is very important.
It is very important ____ you ____ _______ English in the morning.
5. He was so stro ng that he could lift the sto（i石头）
He was strong ____ _____ _____ the stone.
6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday.
His father went to Beijing ________ _____ his holiday.
7. They got up early so that they could get there in time.
They got up early _____ _____ _______ _____ there in time.
8. His brother decided that he would buy the book.
His brother decided ____ ______ the book.
9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall.
He hopes ____ ______ the Great Wall.
10.1 saw him go into the room.
He was seen ___ ______ into the room.
11. We made him work five hours a day.
He was made _____ _____ five hours a day.
12. Do you want to say anything for yourself?
Do you have anything ____ _____ for yourself?
13. We don't know what we shall do next.
We don't know what ___ ______ next.
14.I'm very sorry on hearing the bad news.
I'm very sorry _____ _______ the bad news.
15.He stopped and had a look at me.
He stopped ___ _____ a look at me.
16.1 helped him with his English.
I helped him ____ ____ English .
17. My father promise（d 许诺）that he would buy me a bike.
My father promised ___ _____ me a bike.
18. The box is so heavy that I 'catncarry it.
The box is too heavy _____ me _______ ______ .
19. “Lie down!” the boy said to his dog.
The boy ordered his dog _____ ____ down.
20. “Don' t make any noise”, she said to me.
She told me ____ ______ _______ any noise.
【试题答案】
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. D
13. B 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. B
19. C 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B
25. A 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A
1. to say
2. to have
3. to write
4. for, to, read
5. enough, to lift
6. to spend
7. in, order, to, get
8. to buy 9. to visit 10. to go 11. to work 12. to say
13. to do 14. to hear 15. to have 16. to lear(n study)
17. to buy 18. for, to carry 19. to lie 20. not, to make
高考常用动词短语(322)
1 动词+about (8)
1) bring abou引起,使发生
2) care abou关心，对…有兴趣
3) come abou发生
4) hear abou听说
5) set about着手，开始
6) speak/talk abou谈论
7) think abou 思考
8) worry abou为…担心
2. 动词+away (14)
1) blow away吹走
2) break away罢脱
3) carry away拿走，使入迷
4) clear away青除掉，消散
5) die away逐渐消失
6) give away背弃，泄露
7) pass away去世
8) put away收拾起来，存起来
9) send awa让走开
10) take away拿走
11) throw away扔掉
12) turn away把…打发走
13) wash away中走
14) wear away磨掉，消耗3 动词+at (18)
1) aim at向…瞄准
2) call at拜访地点
3) come at 向...袭击
4) gla nee a匆匆一瞥
5) glare a怒视
6) knock at敲门，窗等
7) laugh a嘲笑
8) look a看，注视
9) point a指向
10) run at冲向，向…攻击
11) shoot at向…射击
12) shout a冲某人嚷嚷
13) smile a冲某人笑
14) stare at凝视
15) strike at向…打击
16) tear at用力撕
17) wonder a惊讶
18) work a干…活动研究
4. 动词+back (6)
1) call back回电话
2) give bacl归还
3) hold back空制住
4) keep back急瞒，忍住
5) look back回顾
6) take back拿回收回
5. 动词+down (13)
1) break dowi坏了，垮了，分解
2) bring down使…降低，使倒下
3) burn down 烧毁
4) calm down平静下来
5) come dowr下落，传下
6) cut dowr削减，砍倒
7) pass dow n 传下来
8) put dowr记下，写下镇压
9) settle down 安家
10) slow down慢下来
11) take dowr记下，记录
12) tear down拆毁拆除
13) turn down调小，拒绝6 动词+for (18)
1) apply fo 申请
2) ask fo要求得到
3) beg fo乞求
4) call fo要求，需要
5) care fo关心，喜欢
6) cha nge fo用…换
7) charge fo收费，要价
8) come fo来拿，来取
9) hope/wish fo希望得到
10) hunt fo寻找
11) long fo渴望
12) look fo寻找
13) run fo竞选
14) search fo查找
15) seek fo寻找
16) stand fo代表，表示
17) take fo误以为…是
18) wait fo等候
7.动词+from (9)
1) date from始于…时候
2) die from因…而死
3) differ from与…不同
4) hear from收到…来信
5) keep/stop/preve nt fro不让..做
6) learn from向…学习
7) result from由于
8) separate from巴…分离开
9) suffer from受…苦
8 动词+of (10)
1) approve o赞成
2) become o发生…情况,怎么啦
3) complai n o抱怨
4) consist o由..组成
5) die of死于
6) dream o梦到
7) hear of听说
8) speak of 读到
9) talk of谈到
10) think o想到
9 动词+off (21)
1) break of打断
2) carry off携走，带走
3) come of脱掉褪色
4) cut off切断，断绝
5) fall off跌落，掉下
6) get off脱下衣服等
7) get off下车
8) give of散发出
9) go off走开,消失，坏了
10) keep of避开,勿走近
11) knock of把..撞落
12) leave off中断
13) pay of还清
14) put off延期,推迟
15) ring of挂断电话
16) see of送行
17) set off出发
18) show of炫耀
19) start off出发
20) take of脱下，起飞
21) turn/switch o关掉
10 动词+on (18)
1) bring on使…发展
2) call or拜访
3) carry on继续，进行
4) depe nd or依靠
5) feed on以…为生
6) have on穿着
7) in sist on坚持
8) keep/go o傩续
9) live on以…为生
10) look on 旁观
11) move on继续移动，往前走
12) pass on传授,传递
13) put on穿上，戴上，上演
14) rely on依靠
15) spend on在…花钱
16) take on 雇佣,呈现
17) try on试穿
18) turn/switch o打开
11 动词+out (29)
1) break ou爆发
2) bring out阐明，使表现出
3) burst ou 迸发
4) carry out 执行
5) come ou出版，出来
6) cross ou划掉
7) figure out 算出
8) find out查出，弄明白
9) give out散发,分发，用完
10) go out 熄灭
11) ha nd out 散发
12) help out救助
13) hold out坚持下去
14) keep out o使不进入挡住
15) leave ou省略删掉
16) let out®露，发出声音
17) look out当心,堤防
18) make out理解,看清楚
19) pick ou选出
20) point ou指出
21) put out 扑灭
22) run out用完
23) send ou发出，派遣
24) set out出发着手
25) speak ou大胆讲出
26) try out 试用,试验
27) turn out 结果是,生产
28) wear ou穿破使…疲劳
29) work out算出，想出办法等
12 动词+in (15)
1) break in强制进入插话
2) bring in引进使得到收入
3) call in召集來访
4) cut in 插入
5) drop ir拜访
6) fill in 填写
7) get in收获，进入
8) give in让步
9) hand in±交
10) join in参加
11) look ir来访，参观
12) persist ir坚持
13) result ir导致
14) succeed ir在…获得成功
15) take ir接纳，吸收
13 动词+i nto(7)
1) burst intc闯入，迸发
2) cha nge int把…变成
3) divide into把…分成
4) look intc研究，调查
5) put/tra nslate in t把…译成
6) run into碰到
7) turn in to变成14.动词+over(10)
1) fall ove跌倒,摔倒
2) get over克服
3) go over审阅检查，研究
4) look ove翻阅，检查
5) roll ove翻滚
6) run ove压死看一遍
7) take ove接管，接替
8) thi nk ove仔细考虑
9) turn ove翻倒，细想
10) watch ove看守，照看
15 动词+to(19)
1) add to 增添
2) agree to同意
3) atte nd to处理
4) bel ong to属于
5) bring to使苏醒
6) come to 共计,苏醒
7) compare to^…相比，把…比作
8) devote to贡献给
9) get to 到达
10) lead to导致，通向
11) object to反对
12) point to指向
13) refer to谈到涉及，参阅
14) reply to答复
15) see to处理，料理
16) stick/hold/keep 坚持，忠于
17) supply tc为..提供
18) turn to向…求助査阅
19) write to写信给
16 动词+up(38)
1) break up分解
2) bring up抚养，呕吐，提出
3) build up建立
4) burn up烧毁
5) catch up赶上
6) clear up整理，收拾，放晴
7) come up上来，长出，出现
8) cut up 切碎
9) divide up分配
10) do up整理，包装，打扮
11) eat up吃完
12) end up总结
13) fix up修理，安排装置
14) get up起床，站起
15) give up放弃献出
16) go up增长，上涨
17) grow up 成长,长大
18) hold up耽搁,使停顿
19) hurry up赶快
20) join up联结起来，参军
21) keep up保持
22) lay up积蓄
23) look up查找，找出
24) make up构成，组成
25) open up开创，开辟
26) pick up拾起学会用车，来接，收听到
27) put up 搭/架起,安装,住宿,张贴,盖起
28) ring up打电话
29) send up发射
30) set up架起，建立
31) sit up熬夜
32) speed up加快速度
33) stay up挺住，熬夜
34) take up开始学，从事,占据
35) tear up撕碎
36) throw up呕吐
37) turn up开大，出席，出现
38) use up用完
17 动词+through(7)
1) check throug核对
2) get through!过，干完，接通电话
3) go througl审阅检查，学习
4) look through翻阅石一遍，仔细查看
5) pull through度过危机，康复
6) put through接通电话
7) see througl识破
18 动词+with(14)
1) agree with同意，与…一致
2) begi n with以…开始
3) combi ne wit 与..相联合
4) compare wit与…相比
5) cover with用...覆盖
6) deal with处理对付
7) do with处理，需要
8) end with以…结束
9) equip with以…装备
10) meet with遇到，遭受
11) play with 玩，玩弄
12) provide with以…供给
13) supply witl以…供给
14) talk withl同…交流
19.三词以上的短语动词(48)
1) add up to总计
2) break away fror摆脱
3) catch sight o看见
4) catch up with赶上
5) come into bein出现
6) do away wit 废除
7) do well in在…干得好
8) get close t接近
9) get down t认真开始
10) get into the habit染上…的习惯
11) get on/along wit和…相处
12) get out o逃避，避免
13) get rid o摆脱
14) get used to习惯于
15) go on with继续
16) help on eself t随便吃，用
17) keep an eye o堤防
18) keep away fr避开,别靠近
19) keep in touch wit保持联系
20) keep up with赶上
21) look down on轻视
22) look forward t盼望
23) look up tc仰卩望，尊敬
24) lose sight o看不见
25) make a fool o愚弄
26) make friends wit同..交朋友
27) make fun o开玩笑，取笑
28) make room fc给..让地方
29) make up fo弥补
30) make use o利用
31) pay a visit t访问
32) pay attention t注意
33) play a part in起作用，扮演..角色
34) put up witl忍受
35) run out o用完
36) set an example为…树立榜样
37) set fire to放火烧
38) take a photo o拍…照片
39) take advantage o利用
40) take an interest 对…感兴趣
41) take care o照看
42) take charge o负责
43) take hold o握住
44) take notice o注意
45) take part i参加
46) take pity o可怜
47) take pride in为…而自豪
48) take the place o取代
定语从句讲解
2008-12-12 15:44 作者：点击：34091
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一、详细的定语从句讲解
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语
从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。

状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。

名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。

一、限定性定语从句
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。

而且，如果which在从句中作不及物动词+介词”勺介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which 之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这
些词包括all, anything, muc等，这时的that常被省略
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom 作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“tim一词的定语从句只用when引导，有
时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everythin g nothing时，常用there is来引导
二、非限定性定语从句：
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某
一部分
2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for whiCh
at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards ni ght dream ing have cha nge们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

I like the music for the very reas on that(for which) he dis我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。

We arrived the day that(o n which) they刚好子我们到的那天他们走了。

3. 有时as也可用作关系代词
4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that,而用who, whon代表人，用which 代表事物
三、定语从句结构错误
1. 缺关系词
2. 从句中缺成分
摘自《简明英语语法》
在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。

这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：
限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。

如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。

例如：Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .
为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。

Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。

They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.
他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。

非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。

有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。

即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。

由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。

另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。

例如：
Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .
（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词 a sphere进行补充、说明。

）
更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。

The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .
（此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers
和television进行补充、说明。

如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子
可简化为：
The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and en tertai nmen t cen）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。

The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants t（此rOW中, 非限定性定
语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。

太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。

The old man has a son , who is in the arm此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。

但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。

如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：
The old man has a son who is in the army位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。

那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。

这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子
在干别的工作"。

）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。

二、定语从句用法详细讲解
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。

状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。

名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。

三、初中定语从句的讲解与练习
定语从句（Attributive Clauses在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, wh等h
关系副词有：whe n, where, wh等。

18.1关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾
语、定语等成分。

关系
代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。

（whom/tha在从句中作宾语）
2）Whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broke n 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is g请e递递给我那本绿皮的
书
3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had n ever bee n see n before appears in the countryside. 村出现了前所未有的繁荣。

（which / tha在句中作宾语）
The package （which / that） you are carry ing is about to come un w 你p拿的包
快散了。

（which / tha在句中作宾语18.2关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1 ）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, wh的含义相当于吩词+ which结构，因此常常和吩
词+ which结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasi ons whe n （on which） one must 任何人都有不得不屈服的卑微如蝼
蚁、坚强似大象
时候。

Beiji ng is the place where （in which） I was b北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our （这e就是他拒绝我们帮助他
的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代whe n, where, why
和吩词+ which引I导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year （that / whe n / in which） he was他o父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is un likely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty yeafesfago. 大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。

及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。

例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I"ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。

）
（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对）This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year.
（对）I"ll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。

此两题错在关系词的误用上。

（一）段首句
1. .......................................................................... 关于••…人们有不同的观点。

一些人认为
There are different opinions among people as to ___ .Some people suggest that ___
2. 俗话说（常言道）场，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多
合仍然适用。

There is an old saying . It"s the experience of our fore，fahthoewresve，r it is correct in
many cases even today.
3. 现在，……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。

首先，……;其次，••…。

更为糟糕的是••…。

Today, ___ , which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ___ Second, ___ . What makes things worse is that _____ .
4. 现在，很普遍，许多人喜欢，因为 ,另外（而且）。

Nowaday，s it is common to ___ . Many people like ______ because _____ .，Besides
5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。

它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and _____ is not an exc，epittihoans both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 关于••…人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……
People 's opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that _____ .To them, ____ .
7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem _____ which is becoming more and more serious.
8. …已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

_____ has become a hot topic among p，eoepslepecially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9. …在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

_____ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。

很显然……，但是为什么呢？
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/，liniet /cgarnaph be seen that _______ while. Obvio，us_ly ，but why?
（二）中间段落句
1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为••…。

On the contrar，y there are some people in favor of ___.At the sam，e t ihmeey say .
2. 但是，我认为这不是解决的好方法，比如。

最糟糕的是。

But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ___ .For e，xa_m_p_l_e.Worst of a，ll ___.。