运营管理供应链战略
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• Bullwhip Effect 长鞭（牛鞭）效应 • Outsourcing Defined 外源（外包）的定义 • Value Density Defined 价值密度的定义 • Mass Customization Defined
大规模定制（顾客化大量生产）的定义
What is Supply-Chain Management?
会导致少数批发商的订货 量发生较大的变化，而且
Time
…can lead to even greater variability for a single manufacturer.
.
Average aggregate inventory value
库存周转率
=
售出商品的成本 平均库存总值
• Weeks of Supply = Average aggregate inventory value (52 Weeks)
Cost of goods sold
（ ）· 可供周数 =
平均库存总值 售出商品的成本
they are competitively doing in the industry. 由于该公司的库存周转率往年是10 , 这年降低至4.57 , 则意味着 它的库存周转没有以往那么快。如果不知道这家公司所在行业的 平均周转率，是不可能评论它在行业中有多少竞争力的。
Bullwhip Effect 长鞭效应
售成本为 160 X 106 美元，平均总库存（生产原料 + 在制品）的价值是 35 X 106美元。该公司往年的库存
周转率均为10。
• What is this year’s Inventory Turnover ratio? What does it mean? 这年的库存周转率是多少？这样的周转率意味着什么？
库存周转率 = 售出商品的成本 / 平均库存总值 = 160 / 35 = 4.57 Since the company is used to an inventory turnover of 10, a drop
to 4.57 means that the inventory is not turning over as quickly as it had in the past. Without knowing the industry average of turns for this company it is not possible to comment on how
Time时间
Time
A lot of retailers
each with little
variability in their orders….
每Leabharlann Baidu许多零售商的订 货量发生少许变化时
…can lead to greater variability for
a fewer number of wholesalers, and…
Operations Management 运营管理
供应链战略
Chapter 8 Supply-Chain Strategy
第8章 供应链战略
• Supply-Chain Management Defined 供应链管理的定义
• Measuring Supply-Chain Performance 供应链绩效的测量
The magnification of variability in orders in the supply-chain.
供应链中订货量变化的放大过程
订货量
Retailer’s Orders
零售商订单
Wholesaler’s Orders
批发商订单
Manufacturer’s Orders
制造商订单
供应链管理就是管理始于原料供应商，经由制 造厂和仓库，终于最终顾客的完整的信息流、 物料流和服务流的一种系统总体方法
Formulas for Measuring Supply-Chain Performance 测量供应链绩效的公式
• Inventory Turnover =
Cost of goods sold
Defined 什么是供应链管理？（定义）
• Supply-chain is a term that describes how organizations (suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers) are linked together.
供应链是一个描述许多组织（供应商、制造商、 销售商和顾客）被链接在一起的术语
• Supply-chain management is a total system approach to managing the entire flow of information, materials, and services from raw-material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customer.
52 周
Example of Measuring Supply-Chain Performance 测量供应链绩效的例题
• Suppose a company’s new annual report claims their costs of goods sold for the year is $160 million and their total average inventory (production materials + work-in-process) is worth $35 million. This company is used to having any inventory turn ratio of 10. 假设某公司新近一年的年度报告称，他们这的年销
Example of Measuring Supply-Chain Performance
(Continued) 测量供应链绩效的例题（续）
Inventory Turnover = Cost of goods sold/Average aggregate inventory value = $160/$35 = 4.57
大规模定制（顾客化大量生产）的定义
What is Supply-Chain Management?
会导致少数批发商的订货 量发生较大的变化，而且
Time
…can lead to even greater variability for a single manufacturer.
.
Average aggregate inventory value
库存周转率
=
售出商品的成本 平均库存总值
• Weeks of Supply = Average aggregate inventory value (52 Weeks)
Cost of goods sold
（ ）· 可供周数 =
平均库存总值 售出商品的成本
they are competitively doing in the industry. 由于该公司的库存周转率往年是10 , 这年降低至4.57 , 则意味着 它的库存周转没有以往那么快。如果不知道这家公司所在行业的 平均周转率，是不可能评论它在行业中有多少竞争力的。
Bullwhip Effect 长鞭效应
售成本为 160 X 106 美元，平均总库存（生产原料 + 在制品）的价值是 35 X 106美元。该公司往年的库存
周转率均为10。
• What is this year’s Inventory Turnover ratio? What does it mean? 这年的库存周转率是多少？这样的周转率意味着什么？
库存周转率 = 售出商品的成本 / 平均库存总值 = 160 / 35 = 4.57 Since the company is used to an inventory turnover of 10, a drop
to 4.57 means that the inventory is not turning over as quickly as it had in the past. Without knowing the industry average of turns for this company it is not possible to comment on how
Time时间
Time
A lot of retailers
each with little
variability in their orders….
每Leabharlann Baidu许多零售商的订 货量发生少许变化时
…can lead to greater variability for
a fewer number of wholesalers, and…
Operations Management 运营管理
供应链战略
Chapter 8 Supply-Chain Strategy
第8章 供应链战略
• Supply-Chain Management Defined 供应链管理的定义
• Measuring Supply-Chain Performance 供应链绩效的测量
The magnification of variability in orders in the supply-chain.
供应链中订货量变化的放大过程
订货量
Retailer’s Orders
零售商订单
Wholesaler’s Orders
批发商订单
Manufacturer’s Orders
制造商订单
供应链管理就是管理始于原料供应商，经由制 造厂和仓库，终于最终顾客的完整的信息流、 物料流和服务流的一种系统总体方法
Formulas for Measuring Supply-Chain Performance 测量供应链绩效的公式
• Inventory Turnover =
Cost of goods sold
Defined 什么是供应链管理？（定义）
• Supply-chain is a term that describes how organizations (suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers) are linked together.
供应链是一个描述许多组织（供应商、制造商、 销售商和顾客）被链接在一起的术语
• Supply-chain management is a total system approach to managing the entire flow of information, materials, and services from raw-material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customer.
52 周
Example of Measuring Supply-Chain Performance 测量供应链绩效的例题
• Suppose a company’s new annual report claims their costs of goods sold for the year is $160 million and their total average inventory (production materials + work-in-process) is worth $35 million. This company is used to having any inventory turn ratio of 10. 假设某公司新近一年的年度报告称，他们这的年销
Example of Measuring Supply-Chain Performance
(Continued) 测量供应链绩效的例题（续）
Inventory Turnover = Cost of goods sold/Average aggregate inventory value = $160/$35 = 4.57