第10讲.阅读理解之猜测词义题 (2)
高中英语阅读理解精析精练-猜测词义
命题点4 猜测词义本类考题解答锦囊英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。
即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中也难免会遇到生词。
如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。
据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。
因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。
任何一个买词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。
NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。
但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。
此类题的提问形式一般有：1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "?2. The underlined word, means_______.3. The underlined phrase, means_______.4. The underlined sentence, means_______.利用上下文的提示猜测词义的方法有如下几种：1.根据定义或解释猜测词义【例题】(1)A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.根据定义, calendar 的意思是日历.。
(2)A biography is the story of a person's life written by someone else 根据定义，biography 的意思是凡别人写的生平叫做传记。
(3)Some writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USA--money, Success or expensive things to buy. 2.破折号后而的内容是对value 一词的具体解释。
阅读技能讲座之猜测词义
阅读满分攻略之猜测词义考查根据上下文猜测生词含义的能力。
此类题要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义，或者确定it，they，them等代词的确切指代。
其主要提问方式有：（1）The word “...”in the passage probably means__________.（2）The underlined word “It”in the passage refers to__________.（3）The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means__________.Warming up:根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义。
(1)John drives too fast，and he often drives in the middle of the street．He doesn't watch what the other cars are doing．He is a reckless driver．A．very careful B．very careless C．very harmful D．very harmless(2)When Glen finished college，he couldn't find a job．Then his luck changed．A big engineering company hired him．A．give him a job B．paid himC．told him to stop working D．told him about his future(3)A computer is a complex machine．It is not simple．A. simpleB. complicatedC. beautifulD. expensive(4)Children like to play with water．After it rains，they will walk in every puddle they can find.A. rainful B．water sitting in the street C．snow D．a small river(5)Chicken pox can be very serious for a child who is not in good health．The child develops red spots，and feels hot and uncomfortable．A healthy child gets well quickly．A．a kind of animal B．a kind of foodC．a kind of childhood disease D．a lack of pure water(6)Some Africans carve beautiful human and animal figures out of wood．They sell their carvings to stores and museums．A．draw B．beat C．heat D．cut(7)When an army officer gives a command, his men and women must fo1low it．A．comma B．order C．question D. present(8)The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly．A．children B．ancestors C．generations D．mates(9)There is a stack of papers on Mr. Green’s desk．A．piece B．balance C．mixture D．pile(10)I cannot afford a new car．I have to buy a used one．A．have enough money to buy something B．search forC．gather the necessary information D．use one in an emergency(11)Before you buy something，check the quality first．For example, if it is cheap, it might not be good．A．how good it is B．what the color isC．what the size is D．how big it is (12)Please give me your recipe for this cake，so I can make it too．A．a dish B．directions for cookingC．a meal D．directions to your house (13)Water, oil and coffee are examples of a liquid．A．something you can drink B．something you can burnC．something you can pour D．something from plants解题方法：一、根据定义或解释猜测词义A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”….Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ______.A. makes everyone know a secretB. the woman bout a catC. buys a cat in the bagD. sells the cat in the bagWhen I first studied English，I was told to say，“I am fine” when people say “How are you?” But in the US，I found that people say，“I am good” or “I’m tired”.One day，someone greeted me with “What’s up?”It made me confused.I thought for a moment and then smiled because I didn’t know what to say.57.What does the word “confused” in the fourth paragraph mean in Chinese?A.困惑B.憧憬C.悲痛D.后悔二、根据情景和逻辑进行判断As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.In the text, “put an end to” means “______”.A. stopB. cutC. killD. flyA recent survey shows that in modern society，most people pick up practical goals，s uch as “earning money to buy a house and a car”，“to improve one’s life quality”，“findi ng a good job”.73.The Chinese meaning of the phrase “life quality” is__________.三、根据并列或同位关系猜测词义There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is NorthIsland in New Zealand.What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese?A.自来水B.大气C.冰川D.蒸汽If you want to be a musician，you usually have to move to an area that has a lot of jobs，such as New York City.The cost of living in these areas is usually very high.The third disadvantage is that you can’t have a stable family life.Different jobs will take a musician to different places，so most musicians are unable to have a regular family.63.What does the underlined word “stable” mean in Chinese?A.幸福的B.稳定的C.健康的四、根据背景和常识判断The following morning when I went to see how my captive (caged) bird was doing, I discovered it on the floor of the cage, dead. I was terribly surprised! What had happened! I hadtaken extremely care of my little bird. Arthur Wayne, the famous ornithologist, who happened to be visiting my father at the time, hearing me crying over the death of my bird, explained what had happened. “A mother mockingbird, finding her young in a cage, will sometimes bring it poison berries(毒莓). She thinks it better for her young to die than to live in captivity.”An ornithologist is probably a person who ______.A. studies birdsB. loves creaturesC. majors in habitsD. takes care of trees“Daddy, could you lend me $10?”The father was furious, “If you asked for the money to buy a toy or some other rubbish, then go straight to your room and think about why you are being so selfish（自私的）!”…Then, the boy took out some coins. When the father found that the boy already had money, he got angry again.文章第二题：In this passage, the underlined word “furious”means ______.A. very angryB. quite happyC. too excitedD. a little nervous限时阅读：（A）A thief who dropped a winning lottery ticket(彩票)at the scene of his crime has been given a lesson in honesty. His victim, who picked up the ticket, then claimed the £25000 prize, managed to trace him, and handed over the cash. The robbery happened when maths professor Vinicio Sabbatucci,58, was changing a tyre on an Italian motorway. Another motorist, who stopped to “to help”, stole a suitcase from his car and drove of f. The professor found the dropped ticket and put it in his pocket before driving home to Ascoli in eastern Italy.Next day, he saw the lottery results on TV and, taking out the ticket, realized it was a winner. He claimed the 60 million lire(里拉) prize. Then he began a battle with his conscience. Finally, he decided he could not keep the money despite having been robbed. He advertised in newspapers and on radio, saying: “I’m trying to find the man who robbed me. I have 60 million lire for him--- a lottery win. Please meet me. Anonymity(匿名) guaranteed.”Professor Sabbatucci received hundreds of calls from people hoping to trick him into handing them the cash. But there was one voice he recognized--- and he arranged to meet the man in a park. The robber, a 35-year-old unemployed father of two, gave back the suitcase and burst into tears. He could not believe what was happening. “Why didn’t you keep the money?” he asked. The professor replied:” I couldn’t because it’s not mine.” Then he walked off, spurning the thief”s offer of a reward.1.The sentence “ Then he began a battle with his conscience.” In paragraph 2 implies all of the following EXCEPT that_______.he knew what he should do as soon as he saw the lottery resultshe hesitated about keeping the money for some timehe thought for a moment of avenging himself on the robberhe came to realize that honesty is more important than money2. Hundreds of people phoned professor Sabbatucci because they ______.wanted to make fun of himhoped to get the moneyknew who the robber waslost the lottery ticket3.The word “spurning” in the last sentence can be replaced by ______.A. acceptingB. claimingC. rejectingD. canceling4. If the story appears in a newspaper, the best title might be_____.A. A Thief’s Lucky DayB. A Popular Maths ProfessorC. A Magic LotteryD. A Reward of Honesty（B）The science of physics today is as current as the morning newspaper. Indeed, as a result of new advances in physics and their rapid application to i nventions designed to satisfy man’s wants. The world itself has been changing rapidly. Space technology, industrial technology, and the technology of the home, the farm, the office, the bank, and the department store have all been revolutionized.Clearly, every grown-up today would understand the world he lives in much better if he knew something about physics. Whether it be Congress(美国国会)voting huge sums of money for new warships, space exploration, or atomic energy;the office staff learning to use a new computer; Son Bobby wanting to know about going to the moon; or the housewife learning to operate a new electric stove, physics seems to be everywhere.Teachers in thousands of schoolrooms in America are trying to communicate some of the excitement and importance of these new developments to their students. They know that some of their eager students will someday be scientists and will themselves then contribute(贡献) to the development of new knowledge or its application to new things.But in any case, they can be sure that if they bring a knowledge of science (any science) to their students in meaningful and stimulating ways, they have contributed much to helping each one live a more meaningful life.1. The application of new advances in physics to inventions ______.A. may solve all the problems in teachingB. can help people understand the meaning of lifeC. is intended to meet people’s needsD. makes people understand the voting rules of the Congress2. According to the passage, many American teachers are making efforts to do all of the following EXCEPT______.A. stimulating their students’ curiosity in physicsB. making their students understand the importance of physicsC. giving their students the information of new advances in scienceD. creating excitement about physical education among their students3. The word “themselves” in the third paragraph refers to _____.A. some of the eager studentsB. the students in the classroomC. the teachers giving lessonsD. all the scientists in physics4. The first two paragraphs of the passage mainly tell us about _____.A. new advances in physicsB. the use of physics in our lifeC. the science of physicsD. modern developments in science。
高三一轮复习辅导与测试：专题讲座——阅读理解之词义猜测(Ⅱ)
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1．The teacher asked the author to his office A．to discuss Scola's inclass performance B．to get Scola enrolled in kindergarten C．to find a language partner for Scola D．to work out a study plan for Scola
专题讲座
——阅读理解之词义猜测(Ⅱ)
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(2013· 陕西卷 D)About 30 years ago，I left Cuba for the United
States with my son.After getting settled finally in Brunswick，New Jersey， I enrolled( 注册 )my son in kindergarten.Several weeks later ， my son's teacher asked me to meet him at his office. In the teacher's office，an exchange of greetings was followed by his questions：“Is your son mentally retarded(弱智的)? Does he suffer from any kind of mental disability？” Was he talking about my wonderful Scola？No，no，it can't be.What a helpless，lonely moment！I told him that Scola was a quiet，sweet little boy，instead.I asked him why he was asking me all these questions.
阅读理解中猜测词义题的解题策略分析
二、常见阅读猜词题的设问方式：
(1). What does the underlined word “them/it” refer to? (2). In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to). (3). According to the passage, ... probably means (4). The author uses the word... to mean. (5). The underlined phrase “punch line” most probably means______. (6). The underlined word “one” could best be replaced by ______. (7). What does “garden” in the last two paragraphs stand for? (8). Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “___”?
1. Definition or explanation 定义法或释义法
(2). (2014新课标全国卷 I.B) Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Q: The unlined Word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ ________.
最新高考英语阅读理解专题猜测词义题完整版
最新高考英语阅读理解专题指导－猜测词义题在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。
这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。
这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。
事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
我们可以利用语境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义。
近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
常见的题干有：1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word ？2) The word... could best be replaced by.3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).4) According to the passage,... probably means.5) The author uses the word... to mean.猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索：一是针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。
这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1. 根据定义( definition )猜测词义如果生词有一个句子(定语从句或是同位语＜同位语前常有or, similarly, that is tosay, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等＞或是同位语从句)或段落来定义或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
2016高考英语阅读理解猜测词义分析精品教学课件
2. Contrast 对比法：
利用文中的反义词以及表对比 关系的词（组）猜测词义。
表示对比的词有but、while、 however、 otherwise等。
3.They will be on the night shift — from midnight to 6 a. m. — next week.
由破折号之间的解释内容，我们可以了解到 “night shift”意思为“夜班”。
1.定义法 Guess the Meaning of the Word
AA. punctual B. late C. slowly D. quickly
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or three litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies.
1.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
2.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
36. What does “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
(完整)高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧(教师版)
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。
这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。
这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。
事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。
近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
这类试题包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测、以及对it/they/them等代词的确指对象的判断等。
这类试题的设问方式主要有：(1)What does the underlined word “them/it”refer to?(2)In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).(3)according to the passage,... probably means(4)The author uses the word... to mean.(5)The underlined phrase “punch line”most probably means______.(6)The underlined word “one”could best be replaced by ______.(7)What does “garden”in the last two paragraphs stand for?（8）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”?做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。
因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。
命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。
中考英语阅读理解猜测词义题答题策略
中考英语阅读理解猜测词义题答题策略所谓猜测词义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。
它是一种非常有用的阅读技巧，通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点对词义作出正确判断，能提高阅读速度和阅读能力。
那么，怎样猜测何推断生词的意义？这种技巧答题可分两大类：一类是通过上下文推测词义；另一类是根据生词本身的特点推测词义。
通过上下文就是根据词所处的具体的语言环境，运用有关线索，如同义词、反义词、举例、重述、或定义等推测词义，也可运用逻辑推理何其他的知识，如生活经验、普通常识等推测词义。
（1）以定义为线索猜测词义根据上下文以生词为线索猜测词义是进行快速阅读时最常见、最直接的一种猜词方法。
a.以to be (是）mean (意指),refer to (指的是）为线索猜测词义。
Ventilation, as you know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It p lays a very important part in the field of engineering.句中“ventilation"可能是个生词，但 is 后面是对该词的明确定义。
什么系统或什么手段才能提供新鲜空气呢？所以不难看出" ventilation" 这个词是通风设备。
b, 以 "be defined as"（被定义为），“be known as" (被称为）等结构为线索猜测生词词义。
在这些结构中，“paragon"一词有句子的主语提供出来了，一个人或物是与无伦比的，优秀的典范，这不就是”模范、优秀的人或物”吗？很明显，“be known as" 前面的主语给出了后面 " paragon"的词义。
C, 以定语从句为线索猜测词义在很多情况下，定语从句直接给出了某一生词的定义，所以，以定语从句为线索猜测词义也是一个行之有效的猜词方法。
2024 高考英语复习 阅读理解——词义猜测题 课件
根据线索确定词义的方法
2. 同位法。 They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即＂城堡＂。 We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week. 两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是＂夜班＂的意思。
ONE
Байду номын сангаас
二、据同位关系进行猜测
据同位关系进行猜测
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行 解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测。
ONE
三、据因果关系进行猜测
据因果关系进行猜测
在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
例子
If you have a_juicer,_you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “softserve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
阅读理解解-猜测词义题(改)
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猜测词义题的练习与提高
多读英文文章，积累词汇和背景知识
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词汇积累
通过阅读英文文章，可以 积累丰富的词汇量，了解 不同领域的专业术语和常 用表达方式。
背景知识
阅读不同类型的文章，可 以了解不同领域的知识和 背景，有助于理解文章中 的词汇和句子含义。
语境理解
通过上下文语境的理解， 可以更好地猜测生词的含 义，提高阅读理解能力。
练习猜测词义题，提高解题能力
练习题目的选择
选择难度适中的猜测词义 题进行练习，逐步提高解 题能力。
解题步骤
遵循合理的解题步骤，如 先判断单词的词性、分析 句子结构、利用上下文语 境等。
总结经验
在练习过程中不断总结经 验，发现自己的不足之处， 及时调整解题方法。
总结解题经验，形成自己的解题方法
反思与总结
利用已知的反义词，推断出生词的含 义。
利用定义或解释
定义或解释
利用句子中对生词的定义或解释，推 断出生词的含义。
例子
如果句子中提到“猫是一种哺乳动物， 有四条腿和一条尾巴”，那么“哺乳动 物”和后面的描述就是对“猫”的定义， 可以推断出“猫”的含义。
利用常识或背景知识
常识或背景知识
利用自己的常识或背景知识，推断出生词的含义。
在解题过程中及时反思和总结， 发现自己的不足之处并加以改进。
形成方法论
通过不断的实践和总结，形成自己 的解题方法论，提高解题效率。
分享与交流
与同学或老师分享自己的解题经验 和方法，通过交流互相学习，共同 进步。
THANKS
感谢观看
详细描述
在阅读过程中，遇到生词时，可以结合上下文语境，通过分析句子结构和关联词的 含义，如转折、因果、并列等，推断出生词的词义。例如，如果句子中出现了“虽 然”，那么生词的含义可能与前文提到的内容相反。
高考阅读理解解题技巧之猜测词义课件
Hale Waihona Puke finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. What does the word “ anaesthetic"in Paragraph 1 probably mean?______
What does a “swab” mostly probably mean?_Ａ____
A.something soft, small and used in clinics B. something hard, long and used at home C. something thin, wet and like an elbow D. something safe, big and like a toy
B.
known
as,
be
defined as，constitute，refer to等词汇或破折号， You may borrow from the library any periodicals: The World of English, English Square, Crazy English , English Learning.
【名校课堂】获奖PPT-高考阅读理解解题技巧之猜测词义课件（最新版本）推荐
Rules 1： 通过定义或解释来猜测 【名校课堂】获奖PPT-高考阅读理解解题技巧之猜测词义课件（最新版本）推荐
You can discuss with your partners; So have a go !!!
初中英语阅读理解词义猜测题
初中英语阅读理解词义猜测题阅读技巧--词义猜测题1.题型特点这类题型旨在考查学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。
利用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本技巧之一,也是我们学习词汇的主要方法。
在阅读过程中,有些同学一遇到生僻词语就查词典,这是不可取的。
一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使我们养成依赖词典的习惯,而且还会影响阅读速度。
我们阅读汉语文章时遇到不认识的词语是否都查词典呢答案是否定的。
可是我们是如何理解它们的呢利用上下文提示猜测词义就是诀窍。
词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中推断某一多义词的正确意思;生词释义要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义;难句释义要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。
2.词义猜测题主要的设问方式①What’s the meaning of the underlined word/phrase...in Chinese②The underlined word...refers to/probably means...③The underlined word...could be replaced by...④What is the meaning of...⑤Which of the following words can take the place of the word...3.词义猜测题的解题技巧(1)通过因果关系猜测词义通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词所在部分与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词义。
有时文章借助关联词(如because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore等)表示因果关系。
例You shouldn’t have blamed him for that, for it wasn’t his fault.解析通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。
阅读理解之“猜测词义”题解题指导
阅读理解之“猜测词义”题解题指导词汇量是影响阅读理解的主要原因之一，而英语考试要求一篇阅读理解中要有一定数量的生词，这就要求我们应具备猜测词义的能力。
猜测词义即对生词、短语、指示代词和句子的意思进行猜测，考查学生对语境的分析和把握能力。
一、提问方式只要了解了此类题的提问方式、掌握解题技巧，进行有准备之战，词义猜测题并不会成为太大的障碍。
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1. The underlined word / phrase "..." refers to / means...2. The word / phrase “...” is closest to ______.3. What does the underlined word “...” mean (in Chinese)?二、解题技巧一个单词或词组的确切含义与其所处的上下文语境联系密切，所以我们在做词义猜测题时应借助上下文语境进行合乎逻辑的推测。
此外，我们还可从以下几方面入手：句子结构、逻辑关系、构词法和常识。
其中把握信息之间的逻辑关系非常重要，需要考生在平时的学习过程中，掌握基本语法知识。
1. 复述推测法根据复述内容来猜测生词的大致意义范围，复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。
在复述中两部分之间常用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等，也常用or, similarly, that is to say, in other words等。
【例1：陕西卷】Like the eagle, we human beings sometimes need to make some change to get out of our difficulty. In miserable condition, we have to change our ways of life. The changing may be very painful. The underlined word “miserable” here probably means “_____”.A. terribleB. goodC. lonelyD. lucky【解析】A。
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第十讲阅读理解之猜测词义题【考点说明】阅读理解之猜测词义题在阅读考试中考察得比重不大，但难度很大。
在有传统阅读题型的联盟考试（复旦千分考、北约、卓越同盟）中，四选一的阅读理解有时会考这种题型，其中复旦千分考考查较多，几乎每年都有该题型。
此类题目考查的是考生对阅读文章中出现的关键词或短语的理解能力，对考生的上下文分析能力要求比较高。
【题型特点分析】对于文中单词的考查又无外乎两种情况：一种是多义常用词在特定语境中的具体含义；一种是可以根据上下文推测出含义的生僻词汇。
常见题干表现形式如：①The word“…”mostly probably means…②By saying“…”,the author means…③The word“…”mostly probably refers…④Which of the following is the closet in meaning to the word“…”⑤The statement“…”probably means…【解题技巧】猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索：一．通过构词法根据前缀，后缀，转化猜测词义如：But judging from recent studies Of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears，both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive．【解析】“counter”表示“相反的、逆向的”，而“productive”表示“产生的”，再综合上下文，我们可以断定其含义是“对健康有害意思。
所以答案为D。
注：关于这一块内容，建议复习第二讲中的构词法二．篇章逻辑关系法所谓逻辑关系法，即通过理解引号内的部分在原文中所在的句子，以及其之前和之后的句子，并通过这些句子之间的逻辑关系判断引号内部分的含义。
这里常见的句子之间的关系有：1.并列关系。
其特征是，句子之间由and, or等并列连词连接，或者没有连接词。
2.转折关系。
其特征是，句子之间由but, yet, however, still, contrary to , in contrast等转折连词连接。
3.因果关系。
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
利用逻辑关系法解答语义理解题的做题步骤是：1，回归原文在原文中找到题干中引号内的部分，这一步非常简单，因为题干中会标出引号内部分在文中的段落数和行数。
2，瞻前顾后在原文中找到定位后，就要判断引号内部分和它之前、之后的句子的关系，并且通过阅读相应的句子理解引号内的部分的含义。
这一步最关键也最灵活，下面笔者还会结合今年真题进行具体对此进行讲解。
3，比对选项最后一步，将四个选项分别与从上一步中得到的信息做比对，选出一致选项。
三．文章内针对性解释1.根据定义（definition）猜测词义如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语前常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say等>或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
如：A supernova is a massive star that undergoes a gravitational collapse, then a gigantic explosion, blasting away the outer layers into space.【解析】Supernova是一种巨大的恒星，它不断进行着引力的收缩，然后就会发生巨大的爆炸，而它的外层会随着爆炸产生的巨大气流被吹向外太空。
这里的supernova对我们可能非常陌生，但这里的is给了我们对supernova的定义，所以我们知道其实它就是一种巨大的恒星。
2.根据举例猜测词义恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重索。
表示例举关系的词常有：like, for example, for instance, such as, especially, include, consist of如：Defined most broadly, folklore includes all the customs, beliefs and traditions that people have handed down from generation to generation.【解析】此句中include后面的例子基本上表示出了“folklore”的内容，这些东西都是通常所获得的民俗传统，这也就是folklore的基本含义。
四．作者语气推断学会关注文章中三处展现的感情色彩：观点句或者结论句出现的地方，代表人物或代表流派出现的地方，强烈感情色彩出现的地方。
因为感情色彩通过语境能够传达出很多单词的大概意思或者说是关键特征，甚至强烈感情色彩还能给出下面很多文字的中心。
如：They must gain an understanding of human nature, including its negative aspects, such as the sources of human conflict and the pitfalls of power.【解析】他们必须获得对人类本质的理解，包括人类本质中不好的方面，例如人类冲突的源泉和人类权利的pitfalls。
虽然pitfalls很多同学并不认识，但我们通过negative aspects传达出的负态度和such as的举例标志词，我们可以做出这样的合理推测pitfalls表示不好的方面。
【典例精讲】AEver since news of widespread food recalls caused by a carcinogenic dye broke, there has been confusionover possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there is no connection whatever.Sudan 1 is a red industrial dye that has been found in some chilli powder, but was banned in food products across the European Union (EU) in July 2003.Since the ban was put in place, EU officials have been striving to remove some food products from the shelves. So far 580 products have been recalled.Last week Sudan’s Embassy in the United Kingdom asked the Food Standards Agency (FSA) for clarification of the origin of the dye’s name.Sudan dyes, which include Sudan 1 to 4, are red dyes used for coloring solvents, oils, waxes, petrol, and shoe and floor polishes. They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.1. What does the underlined word mean in paragraph one?A. Causing cancer.B. Having side effect.C. Containing poison.D. Poisonous.【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。
根据They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. 可知这个词与癌症有关，故可推出carcinogenic意为"致癌的"。
注意信息点的寻找：我们在做题时习惯于在划线词附近寻找解题的信息点，寻而不得时往往就会慌张，其实往下多看看，可能在后面的某一段就出现了相关的信息，因此，冷静的寻找对于解题至关重要。
BPeople in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.1. The word “bummer” most probably means something ________.A. religiousB. unpleasantC. entertainingD. commercial【答案】B【解析】词义推测题。
我们很容易地定位到本段末句，通过分析段落，不难发现本段共包括4句话，前三句之间并没有出现表示逻辑关系的词汇，因此没有转折现象发生，而最后两句之间出现Give all this作为连接，很明显四句话之间均为顺承关系，通过阅读文章我们不难发现前三句中出现的诸如misery, worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young, their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms等信息都是负性词汇，因此bummer一词必然表达了一种负面的含义，通过选项的分析，AD都为中性词，只有B表达了负面含义，因此本题选择B作为正确选项。