[英语考试]英语词汇学第八章重点

Eg.
• Paper: ---today‘s paper (newspaper) ---examination paper (a set of questions used as an examination) • Do: ---do a sum (work out the answer to a mathematical question) ---do one‘s teeth ( brush one‘s teeth)
Grammatical context语法语境
• Grammatical context – The meanings of a word may be inflected by the structure in which it occurs.
Eg.
• Become: ---(V-link)become +adj./n. (used as predicative), meaning ‗begin to be‘ She became increasingly anxious about her husband‘s strange behaviour. ---(V-T)become+pron./n. (used as object), meaning ‗suit, befit‘
English Lexicology
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Chapter 8 meaning and context
• • • • In this chapter, you will learn: 1. types of context 语境的类型 2.the role of context 语境的作用 The relationship between meaning and context and the way in which context affects the meaning of words.
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8.1.2 linguistic context 语言语境
• Linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical context and grammatical context. 词汇语境 语法语境
Lexical Context 词汇语境
• Lexical Context – refers to the words that occur together with the word in question. The meaning of the word is often affected and defined by the neighboring word. [‗neibəriŋ]邻近的
8.1.1 extra-linguistic context
• The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire culture background.
Eg.
• trade union: ---an organization of workers in western countries ----an organization of masses under the leadship of the party in China • Landlord: ----someone who owned a lot of land and collected money by renting land without working in Chinese culture -----someone who rents the house for money in western countries
(If sth. Becomes sb, it makes them look attractive or it seems right for them. 适合; 与…相称 Does that shirt become you? 那件衬衫适合你吗？)
Sarcasm doesn‘t become you. ---(phrase)become+ of, meaning ‗happen to‘ I don‘t know what will become of us if the company goes bankrupt.我不知道公司如果破产我们将会怎样。
8.1 types of context
• In a narrow sense, it refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears. • This is known as linguistic context , which may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the entire book. • In a broad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is called extra-linguistic or non-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background.
As most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in context.
• Context is very important for the understanding of word-meaning because the meaning is influenced immediately by the linguistic context, and in many cases by the whole speech situation as well.