新中国农田水利建设研究(1949-1959)

学校代码10530 学号200919050130

分类号K27密级

硕士学位论文

新中国农田水利建设研究（1949-1959）

学位申请人李富强

指导教师罗玉明教授

学院名称哲学与历史文化学院

学科专业中国近现代史

研究方向中国近现代社会经济史

二〇一二年六月十日

The study of irrigation and water conservancy construction during New China

(1949-1959)

Candidate Li-Fuqiang

Supervisor Luo-Yuming(professor)

College Philosophy and history culture institute

Program Modern Chinese history

Specialization The Chinese modern economic history

Degree Master

University Xiangtan University

Date June 10, 2012

湘潭大学

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摘要

近代以降，在帝国主义侵略政策和腐朽的社会制度束缚下，水利建设总体呈衰败趋势。特别是民国政府时期，天灾人祸相交，国民政府不注重农田水利的修建，导致新中国成立后农田水利基本建设十分薄弱，给新中国农业生产的发展和人民的生产生活造成了重大影响。因此农田水利设施的现状亟须改善，以保证农业生产的健康发展。

新中国成立以后，在党和政府的关怀支持下，大力发动人民群众，健全组织机构，加大对水利建设的投资，通过对原有设施的修复、整修和新建，使我国农田水利得到了巨大发展。

国民经济恢复时期国家即强调农田水利设施采取“民办公助”的方式，小型农田水利建设主要依靠群众的力量建设，大型的、群众无力兴办的工程才由国家进行投资建设。随着农村合作化运动的发展，人民群众的动员和资金投入更为集中，中央指出此后农田水利建设由合作社负责兴修，国家只在必要的时刻予以协助。

在国家方针政策的指导下，以宣传鼓动、树立典范、推广经验等方式充分动员群众，依靠群众、合作社、人民公社的资金力量，掀起了轰轰烈烈的农田水利建设运动。运动期间加强了对已修工程的管理和养护工作，保证了农田水利工程的质量。尽管新中国成立初期国家百废待兴，经济非常困难，对外还进行抗美援朝战争，但是，即使这样，我国的农田水利建设仍然取得了举世瞩目的成绩。

全国灌溉面积由1949年的2.4亿亩增加到1959年的10亿亩以上，十年猛增了八亿多亩，灌溉面积占总耕地的比例由新中国成立时的16.3%增加到60%以上。不仅如此通过农田水利工程的兴修还获得了很多宝贵的经验，培养了大批科技人员。不可否认的是，五十年代的农田水利建设也存在着不容回避的问题，如忽视实际盲目建设，疏于工程管理，造成建设事故的发生及人力物力的浪费，为今后的建设留下了深刻的教训。

本文试图通过对五十年代农田水利建设政策的归纳，以探寻国家在群众动员、资金投入等方面的实施，以求更深刻地考察和把握1949年到1959年农田水利建设的情况，希冀对今后的建设有所裨益。

关键词：五十年代；农田水利建设

Abstract

In recent years, the government makes great efforts to nurture and develop the agriculture, and puts the development of agriculture as the “central first document” for years, and pays attention to the construction and management of the agricultural infrastructure, especially the small construction of the farmlands and water conservancy. Agriculture is the basic of the development of the national economy, and “water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture”, the vicissitude of farmlands and water conservancy is directly relate to the development of agriculture, and it has already become the important infrastructure of the rural economy and the rural social development.

Before our country founded, the country was under the rotten control of the nationalist party, and the scourge of war for years, so the infrastructural construction of farmlands and water conservancy was extremely weak, the conditions of agriculture was needed to be improved. And added the influence of the frequent natural disasters, the food supply was very tense. When our country was founded, the national economy began to revival, and the production of agriculture was still the first priority. The party and the government accorded a great importance to the work of water conservancy, led the people of the whole country to have some large-scale construction of water conservancy, and made a huge achievement. The infrastructure of farmlands and water conservancy had a great development during the years from 1949 to 1959.

During the revival of the national economy, the national policies about farmlands and water conservancy were mainly tend to resume and product the old infrastructure, and prevent the water problem, so it could reach the purpose of the large-scale production. It has a strong increase the enthusiasm of peasants build the irrigation works by agrarian reform. Meanwhile, the government also paid close attention to the works of irrigation management. During the time of “the first five plans”, the operation movement was widely spread in our country, it provided the possibility for the country to develop a large-scale production of the farmlands and water conservancy, and it helped the development of the production of agriculture, supported the construction of the industry. In the Great Leap Forward, there has