过去完成时和过去完成进行时

The past perfect progressive
• 1）structure: • S +had been +doing
• 1）not yet completed尚未完成： • He had been writing the novel．（He had not finished it yet．） • 2）attempt企图： • He had been studying the meaning of this proverb．（He was trying to study it．） • 3）Without results未得结果： • We had been studying what our enemy had said．（But we were not able to understand it．）
The past perfect
and
The past perfect progressive
The past perfect
1）structure：subject +had +past participle ①affirmative sentence：subject+ had+ past participle ②negative sentence： subject +had+ not+ past participle ③general question：Had+ subject + past participle ④passive voice： subject +had（hadn't) been+ past participle
（3）Some verbs pluperfect said that plan to do something but have not do iຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu.
I had intended to come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn't get away. 昨晚我本打算来看你，但有人来找，脱 不开身。 We had hoped to catch the early bus, but found it was gone. 我们本希望搭早班车，却发现车已开了。
2) Past
perfect tense time
adverbial before, by, until , when,
after, once, as soon as。
• He said that he had learned some English before. • Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party
• 4）Recent situation最近情况： • He had been quarrelling with his wife．（lately） • 5）repeated反复动作： • He had been asking me the same question．（Many times） • 6）mood情绪： • What had he been doing？（impatient）
（4）For representation and the past facts contrary virtual conditions in the clause
• If you had come yesterday, you would have met him. • 如果你昨天来的话，你就已经见到他 的面了。 • She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy. • 要不是这么忙的话，她就已经来了。
compare
• She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy.
她已经打扫办公室了,所以很整洁。（强调结果 ）
She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside.
她一直在打扫办公室,所以我们不得不在外面等着。 （强调动作一直进行）