初中英语语法之句子的种类
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初中英语语法之句子的种类
英语中的句子按其使用目的，句子可分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、和感叹句。
按语法结构，句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
Eg:
陈述句：This is a dog.
疑问句：Is this a dog?
祈使句：Open your eyes!
感叹句：What a beautiful building it is!
简单句：I am studying.
并列句：I was born in a small village and I lived there for nearly ten years.
复合句：As soon as I get there, I’ll call you.
1 陈述句
凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。陈述句句末用句号“.”，通常用降调。
Eg：We live in Beijing.
We don’t live in Beijing.
(1) be 动词、一般动词（实义动词）、情态动词的否定句
I am not a student.
I don’t know him.
He can’t speak English.
01. be 动词的否定句
句型：主语+ be动词+ not + …
I wasn’t good at English.
They weren’t at home yesterday.
He isn’t my cousin.
进行时和被动语态都有be 动词，它们的否定句与be动词的否定句同形。
Eg：They aren’t cleaning the room.
The child was not looked after by anybody.
将来时（will，shall）、完成时及情态动词的被动语态不能用be动词否定句型。
They will not be sent to the front.
They will be not sent to the front.×
02 情态动词的否定句
句型：主语+情态动词+ not + 动词原形
Eg：I can’t do it myself.
You mustn’t take the books out.
You must not go there alone.
03 一般动词的否定句
句型：主语+ do/does/did + not + 动词原形
Eg:
They didn’t live in Shanghai.
He doesn’t do his homework every day.
They didn’t have the class-meeting yesterday afternoon.
04现在完成时的否定句
句型：主语+ have/has+ not + 动词的过去分词+……
I haven’t finished reading the book yet.
He hasn’t had his breakfast yet.
05过去完成时的否定句
句型：主语+ had+ not + 动词的过去分词+……
He had n’t finished reading the book by the end of last month.
(2).否定结构应注意事项
01 使用not 的部分否定
含有not的句子，如果使用了very, always以及不定代词all, both, every 及every的复合词，则表示部分否定。
Eg:
I don’t play football very well.
It isn’t always hot here in summer.
02 not的其他否定表示
1. not… at all 一点也不…
I’m not tired at all.
I don’t like it at all.
2. not…any more, not… any longer 再也不…
I don’t live here any longer. = I no long live here.
I can not eat any more. = I can eat no more.
03 使用not 以外的否定词表示否定
1.用no表示：no+名词= not any…一点也不…There is no wind. = There is not any wind.
2. never 绝不
I will never forget you.
He has never been abroad.
3. few / little 几乎没有
He has few friends.
Few people understand the difference.
I have little money.
There is little water in the glass.
4. no one = nobody 无人
No one knows the answer.= Nobody knows the answer.
5.nothing = not anything 什么也没有
I have nothing to do today.
6. none of …没有任何人；什么也没有