刑事诉讼程序公正之法理分析
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中南民族大学
硕士学位论文
刑事诉讼程序公正之法理分析
姓名:陈楠
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:法学理论
指导教师:郑鹏程
20090501
中南民族大学硕士学位论文
摘要
追求司法公正是法治社会的必然要求,依法治国从根本上说首先是依程序治国,因为一个国家的法治水平在很大程度上取决于公正的程序。只有真正意识到程序公正的重要性,懂得要转变诉讼理念,懂得过程的公正能体现法律的透明,懂得程序的独立价值,才能把法律规范中的程序制度实际的运用在诉讼过程中,才能以明确、具体的步骤实现司法公正。
刑事诉讼程序公正可以理解为,在刑事诉讼过程中,以“自然正义”的两项基本内容为基点,通过正当化的程序来确保程序本身的正当化,从而来体现刑事诉讼程序在运作过程中自身优良品质的“过程价值”。在实现这个过程价值时,我们应当坚持人权保障这一根本目的,并以程序公正为要件,注重权衡程序公正中不同价值因素的关系,例如:司法控权、效率衡平、自由秩序等,同时以刑事诉讼文化构建为落脚点完成法治国家的建设任务。
然而长期以来,人们在理论和刑事诉讼实践中一味地重视实体法及其运行,强调实体公正,把实体结果的产出作为唯一的追求任务,把程序法仅仅作为实现实体法的工具和手段,尤其不重视程序公正,体现在立法和司法领域中就是“重实体轻程序”,这种观念造成我国司法实践中程序观念滞后,程序法不健全,程序违法行为十分严重。
本文针对上述问题从五部分展开论述,首先从基础概念出发,讨论了正义与程序公正之间的关系,程序公正观念的起源、机能,以及我们应该从何种模式来认识程序公正;其次文章探索刑事诉讼程序公正追求的基本理念,以平等性、中立性、参与性、合理性、公开性、终结性六个方面立体、直观的分析程序公正所需具备的要素;在第三部分,文章着重分析了刑事诉讼程序公正观念在当代中国实践运作中出现的问题及其原因,其中原因的分析不仅立足当代社会的情况,还追溯了历史残留的不良影响;不仅考察了中国特有的因素,还审视了国际人权保障的基本要求、基本趋势。
最后两部分是本文的重点,文中建议我国应该特别重视程序法及程序公正在法治建设中的重要作用,要贯彻“程序先于权利”的理论实质,而不能一味地追求实体上的公正;应该积极履行国际公约的相关规定,完善程序性立法,更多的关注弱势群体的权利真正的实现“形式上的平等”;应该努力追求司法独立,保障法官的中立性,加强司法的权威,树立民众对司法的信心,希望我们通过这些措施能促进刑事诉讼程序
刑事诉讼程序公正之法理分析
公正的有效实现。与此同时,我们不应当只注重个别制度的设置,还应当积极推动刑事诉讼文化的改造和重构。
我们认为,认真对待诉讼、刑事诉讼之程序公正,树立现代正当程序观念,树立法律至上、法律平等、程序优先,追求程序正义,保护和促进公民的人权,已经成为司法实务、司法改革的重要任务和神圣使命,成为现实社会和法律理论中的深度课题。我们应该立足于当代中国,以人权、自由、公平、公正、民主、理性、平等、文明、效率等观念为价值基础和精神基础,以人权保护、民主社会和法治国家建设为契机,以富有人本主义、理性主义、平等主义、民主主义取向的诉讼文化、司法文化建设为先导,推动法律文化嬗变、法律理论更新、制度创新、司法实务深化,健全和完善以人权至上性、法律至上性、法律平等性、程序优先性为内核的司法制度,健全完善形式合理性和实质合理性相结合、形式公正和实体公正相统一的正当程序制度、机制,藉此进一步保护公民的生命、人权、自由和尊严。
关键词:刑事诉讼程序公正;程序先于权利;人权保障;刑事诉讼文化
中南民族大学硕士学位论文
Abstract
Pursuit of justice is the inevitable requirement of society under the rule of law, the first is fundamentally in accordance with procedures governing a country, because the law level depends in large part on justice procedures. Only truly realize the importance of procedural justice, to change the idea, process litigation can reflect the transparent legal justice, understand the procedure, the value of independent legal norms of the program can be used in the actual system in the process of the proceedings, clear and specific steps to achieve judicial justice.
The criminal procedural justice to understand, in criminal lawsuit process, "natural justice" two basic content, through the procedures to ensure that the procedures legitimators, thus legitimated itself to criminal procedure in the process of their fine quality of value ". In this process, we should insist value of human rights and the fundamental purpose, with justice, as to weigh in procedural justice value of different factors, such as: the relationship between judicial power, efficiency, order, balance in criminal litigation culture construction as foothold, complete country under the rule of construction tasks.
However, people in theory and practice of criminal procedural law and its importance blindly run, emphasize the substantive justice of the entity, the output as only pursue the job as a substantive law only realize the tools and methods, especially on procedural justice, reflected in the legislative and judicial field is the substantive "program", this kind of idea our judicial practice, procedural law lagging ideas, program illegal behavior is very serious.
Aiming at the problem from five aspects, firstly, starting from the basic concept of justice and procedures discussed the relationship between fairness and justice of the concept, function, as well as the origin from which we should recognize patterns procedural justice, Then select the criminal procedure and the pursuit of justice and some important value neutrality, equality, and from the participation, rationality, openness and summative these six aspects of a three-dimensional visual framework of procedural justice: In the third part, this paper discusses the criminal procedure justice idea in contemporary China practice in the problems and their causes, including not only based on the analysis of the causes of