中国国家形象宣传片(英文字幕)
纪录片美丽中国__中英文解说词
美丽中国（Wild China）第一集龙之心Heart of the Dragon永波：我们的中国探索之旅始于南方的亚热带Our exploration of China begins in the warm subtropical south漓江的渔人和鱼鸟栖坐在竹筏上On the Li River fishermen and birds perch on bamboo rafts这个组合已延续千年之久 a partnership that goes back more than a thousand years这景致已为世人所熟悉This scenery is known throughout the world那是中国水墨永恒的主题 a recurring motif in Chinese paintings和旅人永远的胜地and a major tourist attraction中国南部是片有英国国土The south of China is a vast area九倍之大的广阔土地eight times larger than the UK这里是山雨的国度It's a landscape of hills but also of water这里一年之中有250天在降雨It rains here for up to 250 days a year到处都是积水and standing water is everywhere在扬子江的涝原In a floodplain of the Y angtse River黑尾鹬在泥泞中寻索着虫子black-tailed godwits probe the mud in search of worms并非只有野生动物在这样的环境下茁壮成长现在是交配的季节 It's the mating season雄禾田蛙们为了吸引异性而卖力高鸣and male paddy frogs are competing for the attention of females但这并非总能为你吸引来关注的目光But it dosen't always pay to draw too much attention to youself中国池鹭是个饕餮掠食者The Chinese Pond Heron is a crapulous predator就算在耕作过的稻田中央Even in the middle of a ploughed paddy field也会上演喙与爪的血腥剧目nature is red in beak and claw或许这看上去像一场屠杀This may look like a slaughter但每只池鹭一次只能吞噬一只蛙but as each heron can swallow only one frog at a time 此时剩余的多数派得以逃生并获得了明日再度高歌的机会the vast majority will escape to croak another day元阳县这样广泛种植水稻的Terrace paddies like those of Y unY ang county are found across much of southern China梯田横贯中国南部This whole vast landscape is dominated by rice cultivation苗族人在炎热的贵州发展了高度发达的水稻种植In hilly Guizhou province the Miao minority have developed a remarkable rice culture苗族人把木屋建立在陡峭低产的山壁上With every inch of fertile land given over to rice cultivation用其余每寸丰饶的土地来种植水稻the Miao build their wooden houses on the steepest and least productive hillsides所有东西在中国农村都自有其用处In Chinese rural life everything has a use牛棚里的肥料在太阳下晒干用作煮饭的燃料dried in the sun manure from the cowsheds would be used as cooking fuel中午时分宋家人正饱餐以米和蔬菜为主的中饭It's midday and the Song family are tucking into a lunch of rice and ve getables老祖父宋古永置身于天伦之乐外Oblivious to the domestic chitchat寻思着重要的事情granddad Guyong xiu has serious maters on his mind春季是稻禾生长的伊始时节Spring is a start of the rice growing season庄稼的长势决定了来年宋家人的生计the success of the crop will determin how wel l the family will eat next year因而选择合适的时机进行耕作是至关重要的 so planting at the right time is critical时机的选择取决于当年的天气情况The ideal date depends on what the weather will do this year而这些却是永难估料的never easy to predict但是身边就存在着贴心小帮手But there is some surprising help at hand宋家厅堂房梁上的是一对刚从冬季迁徙中归来的金腰燕On the cielling of the Song's living room a pair of red-rumped swallow, newly arrive from their winter migration他们正在为装潢新一年度的宅邸而忙碌is busy fixing up last year's nest在中国动物们被赋予独特的象征意义并被细心呵护In China , animals are valued as much for their symbolic meaning as for any good they may do苗族人笃信成双燕终身相伴不离不弃Miao people believe that swallow pairs remain faithful for life因此他们的存在被视为so their presence is a favor and a blessing幸福生活与美满婚姻的象征bringing happiness to a marria ge and good luck to a home如大多数苗人一样宋家起居室的窗子可以眺望见成片的梯田Like most Miao dwellings, the Song's living room windows look out over the paddy fields从早春起一扇窗子便为了方便燕子往返穿飞而敞开From early spring, one of these windows is always left open to let the swallows come and go freely古老爹知晓每年燕子归来的确切时间Each year granddad Gu notes the exact day the swallows return苗族人坚信这些鸟儿的归来预示着春季的来临Miao people believe the birds' arrival predicts the timing of the season ahead然而今年他们姗姗来迟This year, they were late因而古老爹和其他族中长老一致认为今年的插秧应当推迟so Gu and the other community elders have agreed that rice planting should be delayed accordingly当苗族人为了插秧而整备田地时As the Miao prepare their fields for planting燕子们或搜集修整巢穴用的泥巴the swallows collect mud to repair their nests相当于法国和西班牙国土加起来那么大This vast area of southwest China的中国西南的广阔土地the size of France and Spain combined因为宛如被干燥中空的谷地隔离开来的巨大蛋盒般is famous for its clusters of conical hills连绵的锥形山脉而闻名于世like giant upturned egg carton seperated b y dry empty valleys这就是喀斯特地貌This is the karst, a limestone terrain石灰石地貌俨然成为南部中国的标志性特征which has become the defining image of southern China喀斯特地貌通常以突起的裸岩状态分布Karst landscapes are often studded with rocky outcrops这迫使当地农民只得在破碎的小块土地上耕作forcing local farmers to cultivate tiny fields当地人是中国最贫穷的居民之一The people who live here are among the poorest in China在毗邻的云南省In neighboring Y unnan province遍布着石灰石limestone rocks have taken over entirely这就是著名的石林This is the famous Stone Forest无数年侵蚀作用的产物the product of countless years of erosion造就了无数的狭道与巅峰producing a maze of deep gullets and sharp-edged pinnacles石灰石有一个独性那就是能被雨水分解Limestone has a strange property that is dissolves in rain water在数千年的漫长光阴中水的侵蚀深入到岩床的心脏地带Over many thousands of years, water has corrode its way deep into the heart of the bedrock itself 这一自然奇观成为了著名的旅游景点 This natural wonder has a famous tourist spot每年的访客数量多达200万人receiving close to 2 million visitors each year中国人特别喜好奇形怪状的岩石The Chinese are fond of curiously shaped rocks并以为嶙峋怪石冠上千奇百怪的名字为乐and many have been given fanciful names但没人来猜测这个块怪石的名字No prices for guessing what this one is called但百闻不如置身这片奇妙山地亲身一见But there is more to this landscape than meets the eye在中国醒目的喀斯特地貌下China has literally thousands of mysterious caverns隐匿着无数的神秘洞穴concealed beneath the visible landscape of the karst这些隐秘世界大多不为世人所知Much of this hidden world has never been seen by human eyes 而现在他们将被展现在世人眼前And it's only just now being explored国南方洞穴不仅用于遮蔽In southern China, caves aren't just used for shelter他们也能为当地人带来恩惠they can be a source of revenue for the community 数代的人持续受到洞穴的恩泽People have been visiting this cave for generations 洞穴地底覆盖了满满鸟粪The cave floor is covered in guano仅仅十分钟时间就能让农人满载而归so plentiful that 10 minutes' work can fill these farmer's baskets这是一种宝贵的天然肥料This used as a valuable source of fertilizer鸟粪的源头能听到河水上空的鸟鸣A clue to the source of the guano can be heard above the noise of the river噪音因为山洞而被放大The sound originates high up in the roof of the cave 入口处聚满了雨燕The entrance is full of swifts他们是社交性动物They are very sociable birds约200000多的共享贵州南部的洞穴more than 200,000 of them share this cave in southern Guizhou province中国最大的雨燕栖息地The biggest swift colony in China如今中国的家燕多数将巢穴建在建筑物的屋顶These days, Chinese house swifts mostly nest in the roofs of buildings但其实在房屋被发明出来之前but rock crevasses like these were their original home 这样的岩缝才是他们原本安家的地方long before houses were invented尽管雨燕依靠洞穴遮蔽Though the swifts depend on the cave for shelter他们却必定在日落前归巢they never stray further than the limits of daylight因为他们的眼睛无法在黑夜中看清事物as their eyes can't see in dark然而洞穴深处However, deep inside the cavern是一群更适应地下other creatures are better equipped隐秘生活的居民for subterranean life一群蝙蝠刚刚醒来A colony of bats is just waking up他们运用超声波在黑夜中确定自己的方位using ultrasonic squeaks to orientate themselves in the darkness夜晚是狩猎时间Night is the time to go huntingRickett鼠耳蝠是亚洲蝙蝠中唯一Rickett's mouse-eared bat is the only bat in Asia which specializes in catching fishes 通过在水面依靠声波对涟漪的反射追踪游鱼的蝙蝠种tracking them down from the sound reflection of ripples on the water surface这种非凡的技巧仅在数年前被发现This extraordinary behavior was only discovered in the last couple of years现在首次被记录下来展示给世人and has never been filmed before志君：蜿蜒在张家界的山峰间清澈见底的溪流Winding between Zhangjiajie's peaks居住着一种中国最奇怪的生物crystal clear mountain streams are home to what is perhaps China's strangest creature 这种奇异的动物This bizarre animal属于蝾螈的一种is a type of newt中国大鲵the Chinese Giant Salamander在中国它被称之为娃娃鱼In China, it is known as the baby fish这名称源自当他悲伤时发出的类似婴儿哭泣的声音because when distressed, it makes a sound like a crying infant成年体长1~1.5米It grows up to a meter and a half long这使它成为世界上最大的两栖类动物making it the world's largest amphibian在自然条件下一只大鲵可以活到十岁Under natural conditions, a Giant Salamander may live decades但是和很多其他中国动物一样But like so many Chinese animals它被视为美味佳肴it is considered delicious to eat尽管被列为国家级保护动物Despite being classed as protected species大鲵仍然被当作食物非法买卖giant salamanders are still illegally sold for food 现在娃娃鱼已经非常稀有and the baby fish is now rare在自然界濒临灭绝了and endangered in the wild幸运的是在像张家界这样的一些地方 Fortunately in a few areas like Zhangjiajie,大鲵在政府的严格保护下得以幸存Giant Salamanders still survive under strict official protection通过适当的措施Given the right help即便是最珍稀的生物也能获得救赎even the rarest creatures can return from the brink 只要我们展现意志If we show the will大自然会为我们找到出路nature will find the way.。
从跨文化传播看中国国家形象文化宣传片案例——以中日两国文化宣传片为例
SHENG PING SHIJIE
比较研究 传媒新思维
式宣传片构成的主要故事情节，分别为《Beautiful Japan》《Delightful Japan》《Cool Japan》。《Beautiful Japan》不仅展示了日式 佛文化、建筑文化、艺伎文化等日本人文风俗，还展现日本春 夏 秋 冬 美 景 ， 岛 屿 海 岸 线 风 貌 等 自 然 景 观 ； 而《Delightful Japan》则以西方游客参加孟兰盆节祭祀活动、乐器三弦琴的 演奏等传统活动为主要情节；最后《Cool Japan》新干线的飞 驰、东京街头拥挤的人群、现代化建筑等展现日本是一个生活 节奏轻快、现代化程度高、宜居的发达国家。两国宣传片通过 故事元素、拍摄方式等方面来比较，可以发现二者在宣传片的 制作形式、元素运用差别比较大。
《文化中国—— —人物篇》和《YOKOSO！JAPAN》作为中日 两国具有代表性的两部国家形象宣传片，在结构布局、选材、 背景音乐等方面都有所不同。具体如下：
首先，《人物篇》：以人为本，和谐中国。通过对比发现，《文 化中国—人物篇》 通过展示各行各业中的精英，例如中国美 人、中国学者以及中国航天员等 13 个人物。这是为了借助不 同领域、不同行业下正由平凡变为精英的中国人来诠释一个 正在不断发展的中国形象，但受到篇幅和时长限制，每一主题 都仅借助细节在几秒钟内进行展示。以开篇“令人惊叹的中国 美人”为例，第一个镜头中背景选取了中国古代工笔画填充， 五位身着中式华服的女性或坐或站，充分展现了中式女性之
中国
文 化 名 人窑 包 罗 社 会
普通百姓 万象
明快大气 总体紧凑明快
无 中字英音
日本
普通国民
社会人文尧 文化展示
明快大气 日本式音乐
中国国家形象宣传片(无图片,已编辑)
中国国家形象宣传片国务院新闻办公室启动国家形象系列宣传片的拍摄工作，该片塑造和提升中国繁荣发展、民主进步、文明开放、和平和谐的国家形象而设立的重点项目，是在新时期探索对外传播新形式的一次有益尝试。
共分为两个部分，一部分是30秒长度的电视宣传片，另一部分是15分钟长度的短纪录片，国家形象系列宣传片自立项以来，得到了社会各界人士的踊跃参与和民众的广泛关注。
2011年1月12日，国家形象宣传片的人物篇已经制作完成，1月17日亮相纽约时报广场。
内容简介中国国家形象宣传片是由国务院新闻办公室发起，并委托该公司制作的一部国家形象宣传片。
此次的国家形象宣传片分为两个部分。
一部分是30秒长度的电视宣传片，即目前已经公映的人物篇，参与拍摄的人员都是国内外比较有影响力人，其中有：李嘉诚、王建宙、李彦宏、马云、丁磊、郎咸平、邓亚萍、姚明、刘翔、丁俊晖、陈鲁豫、林浩、马艳丽。
将会在国际主流媒体播出，以“中国人”概念打造中国形象。
另一部分是17分钟长度的短纪录片，并供我国驻外使领馆及重要外宣活动使用，力图从更多角度、更广阔的视野展示当代中国。
产生背景“中国到了需要来树立国家形象的阶段。
”中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所副所长李向阳接受记者采访时表示，随着综合实力的日益增强，中国融入全球化的程度越来越深，对全球政治、外交、金融等方面影响越来越大。
而中国此前在塑造自身形象方面，无论是政府和民间都做得还不够。
自北京奥运会以来，中国展示“软实力”的工作开始加强：放宽外国记者在境内采访的限制，借助国际媒体的影响力来客观报道中国。
而国家形象广告也成为展现“软实力”的另一渠道。
2010年国庆节前，国新办将在国际主流媒体，面向世界观众，播放中国的国家形象宣传。
国家形象的宣传片拍摄工作的启动，标志着中国国家公关时代已经到来。
正式启动的国家形象宣传片，在中国传媒大学研究员李未柠等专家看来，标志着中国开始更加自信、主动地展示自己的“软实力”，争夺国际话语权，中国国家公关时代已经来临。
美丽中国中英文字幕 第01集 龙之心 Heart of the Dragon
美丽中国（Wild China）第一集龙之心Heart of the Dragon最后的隐世净土The last hidden world中国China数世纪来旅人传诵着关于这片神奇土地For centuries, travellers to China have told tales of magical landscapes以及那些神奇生物的传说and surprising creatures中国文明是世界最古老的文明Chinese civilization is the world's oldest而如今是最宏博的and today it's largest那数十亿的人民with well over a billion people现存超过五十个民族It's home to more than 50 distinct ethnic groups以及各式各样贴近自然的and a wide range of traditional life styles传统生活方式often inclose partnership with nature我们都知道中国面对着着众多社会环境问题We know that China faces immense social and environmental problems但这里也存在着令人窒息的美丽but there is great beauty here too中国有着世界最高峰China is home to the world's highest mountains,从无垠的炙热沙漠vast deserts ranging from from searing hot 到麻木大脑的寒冷地带to mind numbing cold以及那蒸笼般的森林中steaming forests隐匿的各种珍稀生物harboring rare creatures天际下广阔无垠的草原grassy plains beneath vast horizons以及富饶的热带海洋and rich tropical seas现在我们第一次有机会Now, for the first time ever深入探索这片伟大的土地we can explore the whole of this great country接触栖息于此的珍奇生物meet some of the surprising and exotic creatures that live here目睹中国这片神奇土地上and consider the relationship of the people and wildlife of China人与野生世界的羁绊to the remarkable landscaping which they live这就是最原味的中国This is wild China仅以此献给我们多灾多难但美丽依旧的祖国For our troubled but drop-dead beautiful motherland我们的中国探索之旅始于南方的亚热带Our exploration of China begins in the warm subtropical south漓江的渔人和鱼鸟栖坐在竹筏上On the Li River fishermen and birds perch on bamboo rafts这个组合已延续千年之久 a partnership that goes back more than a thousand years这景致已为世人所熟悉This scenery is known throughout the world 那是中国水墨永恒的主题 a recurring motif in Chinese paintings和旅人永远的胜地and a major tourist attraction中国南部是片有英国国土The south of China is a vast area九倍之大的广阔土地eight times larger than the UK这里是山雨的国度It's a landscape of hills but also of water这里一年之中有250天在降雨It rains here for up to 250 days a year到处都是积水and standing water is everywhere在扬子江的涝原In a floodplain of the Yangtse River黑尾鹬在泥泞中寻索着虫子black-tailed godwits probe the mud in search of worms并非只有野生动物在这样的环境下茁壮成长But it isn't just wildlife that thrive in this environment 沼泽般湿润肥沃的土地为作物家族最显著的成员提供了最理想的环境the swampy ground provides ideal conditions for the remarkable member of the grass family这就是稻米rice中国有着至少8000年的稻米种植史The Chinese have been cultivating rice for at least 8 thousand years他们改变了这块土地It has transformed the landscape对云南南部的农民而言冬末是个繁忙的季节Late winter in southern Yunnan is a busy time for local farmers因为他们要为即将来临的春天整顿这片古老的稻田as they prepare the age-old paddy field ready for the coming spring元阳县的山坡以2000M之势These hill slopes of Yuanyang county斜插于红河谷地的河床plunge nearly 2000m to the floor of the Red River Valley包含了上千由原始刨掘工具所创造出的梯田each contains literally thousands of stack terraces carved out by hand using basic digging tools云南的梯田是中国最古老人类耕作痕迹中Yunnan's rice terraces are among the oldest human structures in China依旧被耕种使用的土地still ploughed as they always have been正如千百年来的习俗一样by domesticated water buffaloes源自云南河谷的家养水牛承担了耕作的重任whose ancestors originated in these very valleys这片人力开拓的土地是工业化前中国最惊奇宏伟的壮景This man-made landscape is one of the most amazing engineering feats of preindustrial China似乎这里的每一寸土地It seems as if every square inch of land都被打上了农耕的痕迹has been pressed into cultivation当薄暮降临As evening approaches另一场古老的仪式上演an age-old ritual unfolds现在是交配的季节It's the mating season雄禾田蛙们为了吸引异性而卖力高鸣and male paddy frogs are competing for the attention of females但这并非总能为你吸引来关注的目光But it dosen't always pay to draw too much attention to youself中国池鹭是个饕餮掠食者The Chinese Pond Heron is a crapulous predator就算在耕作过的稻田中央Even in the middle of a ploughed paddy field也会上演喙与爪的血腥剧目nature is red in beak and claw或许这看上去像一场屠杀This may look like a slaughter但每只池鹭一次只能吞噬一只蛙but as each heron can swallow only one frog at a time此时剩余的多数派得以逃生并获得了明日再度高歌的机会the vast majority will escape to croak another day元阳县这样广泛种植水稻的Terrace paddies like those of YunYang county are found across much of southern China梯田横贯中国南部This whole vast landscape is dominated by rice cultivation苗族人在炎热的贵州发展了高度发达的水稻种植In heated Guizhou province the Miao minority have developed a remarkable rice culture苗族人把木屋建立在陡峭低产的山壁上With every inch of fertile land given over to rice cultivation用其余每寸丰饶的土地来种植水稻the Miao build their wooden houses on the steepest and least productive hillsides所有东西在中国农村都自有其用处In Chinese rural life everything has a use牛棚里的肥料在太阳下晒干用作煮饭的燃料dried in the sun manure from the cowsheds would be used as cooking fuel中午时分宋家人正饱餐以米和蔬菜为主的中饭It's midday and the Song family are tucking into a lunch of rice and vegetables老祖父宋古永置身于天伦之乐外Oblivious to the domestic chitchat 寻思着重要的事情granddad Guyong Song has serious maters on his mind春季是稻禾生长的伊始时节Spring is a start of the rice growing season庄稼的长势决定了来年宋家人的生计the success of the crop will determin how well the family will eat next year因而选择合适的时机进行耕作是至关重要的so planting at the right time is critical时机的选择取决于当年的天气情况The ideal date depends on what the weather will do this year而这些却是永难估料的never easy to predict但是身边就存在着贴心小帮手But there is some surprising help at hand宋家厅堂房梁上的是一对刚从冬季迁徙中归来的金腰燕On the cielling of the Song's living room a pair of red-rumpedswallownewly arrive from their winter migration他们正在为装潢新一年度的宅邸而忙碌is busy fixing up last year's nest 在中国动物们被赋予独特的象征意义并被细心呵护In China animals are valued does much for their symbolic meaning as for many good they may do苗族人笃信成双燕终身相伴不离不弃Miao people believe that swallow pairs remain faithfulfor life因此他们的存在被视为so their presence is a favor and a blessing幸福生活与美满婚姻的象征bringing happiness to a marriage and good luck to a home如大多数苗人一样宋家起居室的窗子可以眺望见成片的梯田Like most Miao dwellings, the Song's living room windows look out over the paddy fields从早春起一扇窗子便为了方便燕子往返穿飞而敞开From early spring, one of these windows is always left open to let the swallows come and go freely古老爹知晓每年燕子归来的确切时间Each year granddad Gu knows the exact day the swallows return苗族人坚信这些鸟儿的归来预示着春季的来临Miao people believe the birds arrival predicts the timing of a season ahead然而今年他们姗姗来迟This year, they were late因而古老爹和其他族中长老一致认为今年的插秧应当推迟so Gu and the other community elders have agreed that rice planting should be delayed accordingly当苗族人为了插秧而整备田地时As the Miao prepare their fields for planting燕子们或搜集修整巢穴用的泥巴the swallows collect mud to repair their nests或穿越新耕的稻田追逐昆虫and chase after insects across the newly ploughed paddies最终经过了几周的准备Finally, after weeks of preparation这个预定种植的时刻来临了the ordained time for planting has arrived首先秧苗必须从苗床上连根拔起but first the seedlings must be uproot from the nursery beds扎成捆移植到高处山地and bundled up ready to be transported to their new paddy那崭新的苗床上higher up the hillside宋家邻里乡亲全员出动帮助移植All the Song's neighbors have turned out to help with the transplanting这是一直来他们的集体协作方式It's how the community has always worked当然一旦时刻来临宋家人也会做出相同行为来报恩when the time comes, the Songs will return the favor当农户们忙碌在田埂间时While the farmers are busy in the fields飞燕们则衔着修整巢穴的材料来来往往the swallows fly back and forth with material for their nest 人多力量大Many hands make light work插秧的整个过程只持续了仅一个多小时planting the new paddy takes a little more than an hour当工作完成农户们得以休息Job done, the villagers can relax至少在明天来临之前at least until tomorrow然而对这些筑巢的飞鸟而言修筑家园的宏大工程But for the nesting swallows, the work of raising a family才刚刚开始has only just begun新耕种的田地里In the newly planted fields白鹭在寻找食物little egrets hunt for foods稻田成了虫鱼蝌蚪的乐园The rice paddy harbor tadpoles fish and insects而白鹭正好以此哺育幼鸟and egrets have chicks to feed重庆自然保护区建立于1996年This colony in Chongqing province is established in 1996当成群的鸟儿安家在阳光村后方的小竹林when a few dozen birds build nests in the bamboo grove behind YanGuang village当地人将其视为幸运的使者Believing they were assigned of luck 他们最初小心保护这些白鹭和他们的栖息地local people initially protected the egrets and the colony grove但当村长病重后他们的态度发生了转变But their attitude change when the head of the village fell ill当政府开始介入保护鸟群时They blame the birds and were all set to destroy their nests他们开始敌视鸟群并着手摧毁巢穴when the local government stepped in to protect them易弯曲的竹子或许并非安家的最佳场所Bendy bamboo may not be the safest nesting place但至少这些小家伙们不会成为捕食者的腹中餐but at least these youngsters won't end up at someone's dinner这些小家伙刚从母亲嘴里分得美食These chicks have just had a meal delivered by their mom对新生的小嘴着实是一大挑战quite a challenge for litter beaks介于他们的栖息地是受保护的Providing their colonies are protected 像白鹭这样的候鸟是少数直接从发达的水稻种植中获益的鸟类wading birds like egrets are among the few wild creatures which benefit directly from intensive rice cultivation水稻生长需要大量的水Growing rice needs lots of water但即便是在多雨的南方有些土地也面临缺水的危机but even in the rainy south, there are landscapes where water is surprisingly scarce相当于法国和西班牙国土加起来那么大This vast area of southwest China的中国西南的广阔土地the size of France and Spain combined 因为宛如被干燥中空的谷地隔离开来的巨大蛋盒般is famous for its clusters of conical hills 连绵的锥形山脉而闻名于世like giant upturned egg carton seperated by dry empty valleys这就是喀斯特地貌This is the karst石灰石地貌俨然成为南部中国的标志性特征a limestone terrain which has become the defining image of southern China喀斯特地貌通常以突起的裸岩状态分布Karst landscapes are often studded with rocky outcrops这迫使当地农民只得在破碎的小块土地上耕作forcing local farmers to cultivate tiny fields当地人是中国最贫穷的居民之一The people who live here are among the poorest in China在毗邻的云南省In neighboring Yunnan province遍布着石灰石limestone rocks have taken over entirely这就是著名的石林This is the famous Stone Forest无数年侵蚀作用的产物the product of countless years of erosion造就了无数的狭道与巅峰producing a maze of deep gullets and sharp-edged pinnacles石灰石有一个独性那就是能被雨水分解Limestone has a strange property that is dissolves in rain water在数千年的漫长光阴中水的侵蚀深入到岩床的心脏地带Over many thousands of years, water has corrode its way deep into the heart of the bedrock itself这一自然奇观成为了著名的旅游景点This natural wonder has a famous tourist spot每年的访客数量多达200万人receiving close to 2 million visitors each year中国人特别喜好奇形怪状的岩石The Chinese are fond of curiously shaped rocks并以为嶙峋怪石冠上千奇百怪的名字为乐and many have been given fanciful names但没人来猜测这个块怪石的名字No prices for guessing what this one is called但百闻不如置身这片奇妙山地亲身一见But there is more to this lands cape than meets the eye在中国醒目的喀斯特地貌下China has literally thousands of mysterious caverns隐匿着无数的神秘洞穴concealed beneath the visible landscape of the karst这些隐秘世界大多不为世人所知Much of this hidden world has never been seen by human eyes而现在他们将被展现在世人眼前And it's only just now being explored奇险洞穴中再现了一场终极的探险For a growing band of intrepid young Chinese explorers主角是一群日渐成长初生牛犊般的年轻探险家caves represent the ultimate adventure探索一个洞穴犹如一场穿越时空的探险Exploring a cave is like taking the journey through time常年积水叮咚伴随着无止境般的旅途a journey which endless raindrops would have followed over countless centuries水滴潺潺落下Fed by countless drips and trickles地下河流深切入岩the subterranean river carves ever deeper into the rock石灰岩河床将洞穴的河道分割成千沟万壑The cave river's course is channeled by the beds of limestone石灰岩薄弱处被河水冲刷差距的陡坡处水量激增A weakness in the rock can not allow the river to increase its gradient flowrate为洞穴探险带来相当的挑战providing a real challenge for the cave explorers水流到达地下水位后便停止下流The downward rushes halted when the water table is reached这里缓缓流动的河流切割出一条圆形隧道Here the slow flowing river carves tunnels with a more rounded profile这静谧的世界是穴居鱼的家This tranquil world is home to specialized cave fishes比如无目金鲃like the eye-less Golden Barb中国或许拥有地球上种类最为繁多的China may have unique kinds of cave evolved fishes洞穴进化鱼than anywhere else on Earth在地下水位线Above the water table远古洞穴溢满的河水中充斥着石笋和钟乳石ancient caverns abandoned by the river slowly fill up with stalactites and stalagmites含有沉积物的水流St alactites form as trickling water deposites tiny quantities of rock在千万年间“滴水成石”over hundreds or thousands of years含有石灰质的水滴落石床形成石笋Stalagmites grow up where lime laid and drips hit the cave floor迄今为止被探索发掘的中国洞穴是中国大地上的九牛一毛So far, only a fraction of China's caves have been thoroughly prospected而被发掘的洞穴不断为我们展现地底奇观and caves are constantly discovering new subterranean marvels许多在后来被开发成了商业景点many of which are subsequently developed into commercial show caves探索者沿着洞穴河流出山谷的轨迹逃离了黑暗Finally escaping the darkness 在远离出发地的河谷the cave river and its human explorers emerge in a valley far from where their journey began这场冒险拉上了帷幕or now the adventure is over源自洞穴河流Rivers which issue from caves为喀斯特地区提供了生命之泉are the key to survival in the karst country 贵州的垂直峡谷This vertical gorge in Guizhou province成为了当地野生动物的密集焦点is a focal point for the region's wildlife这是世界上最珍稀的灵长类之一This is one of the world's rarest primates白颊黑叶猴Francois's langur在中国他们只残存于两个南部省份In China, they survive in just two southern provinces贵州与广西Guizhou and Guangxi多半栖息于崎岖的石灰岩地貌地带always in ragged limestone terrains正如大多数猴子一样他们是社会性生物Like most monkeys, they're social creatures并且他们乐于耗费大把时间为彼此整理仪容and spend a great deal of time grooming each other叶猴是个不折不扣以嫩芽、嫩叶、水果为食的素食主义者Langurs are essentially vegetarian with a diet of buds, fruits, and tender young leaves叶猴宝宝裹着姜黄色的毛发出生Babies are born with ginger fur这些毛发随着生长逐渐从尾部开始变成黑色which gradually turns black from the tail end叶猴宝宝虎钳般的爪Young infants have a vise-like grip帮助他们附着在妈妈身上以保证安全used for cling on to mom for dare life随着年龄的增长As they get older他们越发胆大，并开始常识更多刺激they get bolder and take more risks这些是经历诸多冒险后的幸存者Those have survive spend a lot of time travelling尽管经验丰富的成年叶猴深知Yet experienced adults know exactly where to find seasonal food到守备范围内不同区域的哪里去寻觅当季的食物in different parts of their range在如此陡峭的地带In such steep terrain旅途顺利包含了高超的攀爬技巧travel involves a high level of climbing skill这些猴子打会走路起就是卓越的攀岩专家These monkeys are spectacularly good rock climbers from the time they learnt to walk叶猴族群In langur society是母系社会females rule the roost并且是举家迁徙的领队人物and take the lead when the family is on the move峭壁一侧One section of cliff分泌的水是富含矿物质的woops is a trickle of mineral-rich water 这对猴子们而言是不可抗拒的诱惑which the monkeys seem to find irresistible如今麻阳河自然保护区已鲜有危及猴宝宝的捕食者These days there are few predators in the Mayanghe Reserve which might pose a risk to baby monkey然而在过去的数个世纪but in past centuries, this area of south China中国南部的这个地区是豹子巨蟒甚至老虎的家was home to leopards, pythons, and even tigers为了在暗夜潜行者的利爪下存活To survive dangerous night prowlers叶猴们前往地底the langurs went underground用他们的高超的攀爬技巧爬到洞穴上方寻找庇护所using their rock climbing skills to seek shelter in inaccessible caverns夜视镜在近乎黑暗的坏境下记录下Filmed in near darkness using a night vision camera叶猴一家爬上了the troop clambers along familiar ledges 被数代猴族磨蚀光润的石壁的情景worn smooth by generations before them 当冬日寒冷来袭During cold winter weather猴子们则冒险潜入the monkeys venture deeper underground 空气相对保持温暖的地下where the air stays comparatively warm 旅途的终点At last, journeys end,高悬的庇护所使得最激进的捕食者都束手无策a coated niche beyond the reach of even the most enterprising predator并非只有猴子们在洞穴中寻找遮蔽But it's not just monkeys that find shelter in caves这些孩子们刚放学These children are off to school在中国农村每天早上都意味着一段In rural China, that may mean a long trek each morning穿越一两个洞穴的艰苦跋涉passing through a cave or two on the way然而并非所有孩子都要徒步上学But not all pupils have to walk to school这些孩子是寄宿生These children are boarders当孩子们快要到达学校时As the day pupils near journey's end住宿生还在做早饭the boarders are still making breakfast 校园内仿若被关掉了灯一般黑暗In the school yard, someone seems to have switched the lights off但这里其实并没有正规的操场But this is no ordinary play ground以及正规的学校and no ordinary school只不过是座Its house洞穴中的房屋而已inside a cave天然拱顶阻隔了雨水 A natural vault of rock keeps out the rain为教室省去了屋顶so there is no need for a roof on the classroom中东洞穴学校由六个班级Zhongdong cave school is made up of 6 classes共200名学生组成with a total of 200 children如同这所学校般这个洞穴住宅区As well as a school, the cave houses 18 families是18户人家和他们牲畜的聚居地together with their livestock这或许是世界上唯一在洞穴中饲养的牛了This could be the only cave dwelling cows on Earth放学后是游戏的时间With school work over, it's play time at last在中国南方洞穴不仅用于遮蔽In southern China, caves aren't just used for shelter他们也能为当地人带来恩惠they can be a source of revenue for the community数代的人持续受到洞穴的恩泽People have been visiting this cave for generations洞穴地底覆盖了满满鸟粪The cave floor is covered in guano仅仅十分钟时间就能让农人满载而归so plentiful that 10 minutes' work can fill these farmer's baskets这是一种宝贵的天然肥料This used as a valuable source of fertilizer鸟粪的源头能听到河水上空的鸟鸣A clue to the source of the guano can be heard above the noise of the river噪音因为山洞而被放大The sound originates high up in the roof of the cave入口处聚满了雨燕The entrance is full of swifts他们是社交性动物They are very sociable birds约200000多的共享贵州南部的洞穴more than 200,000 of them share this cave in southern Guizhou province中国最大的雨燕栖息地The biggest swift colony in China如今中国的家燕多数将巢穴建在建筑物的屋顶These days, Chinese house swifts mostly nest in the roofs of buildings但其实在房屋被发明出来之前but rock crevasses like these were their original home这样的岩缝才是他们原本安家的地方long before houses were invented尽管雨燕依靠洞穴遮蔽Though the swifts depend on the cave for shelter他们却必定在日落前归巢they never stray further than the limits of daylight因为他们的眼睛无法在黑夜中看清事物as their eyes can't see in dark然而洞穴深处However, deep inside the cavern是一群更适应地下are the creatures are better equipped隐秘生活的居民for subterranean life一群蝙蝠刚刚醒来 A colony of bats is just waking up他们运用超声波在黑夜中确定自己的方位using ultrasonic squeaks to orientate themselves in the darkness夜晚是狩猎时间Night is the time to go huntingRickett鼠耳蝠是亚洲蝙蝠中唯一Rickett's mouse-eared bat is the only bat in Asia which specializes in catching fishes通过在水面依靠声波对涟漪的反射追踪游鱼的蝙蝠种tracking them down from the sound reflection of ripples on the water surface这种非凡的技巧仅在数年前被发现This extraordinary behavior was only discovered in the last couple of years现在首次被记录下来展示给世人and has never been filmed before如果说在黑暗中追捕游鱼是如此的不可思议If catching fish in the dark is impressive想象下倒挂状态下不用爪子吞食滑溜溜的米诺鱼是怎样的神奇场景imagine eating a slippery minnow with no hands while hanging upside down拂晓降临至桂林的喀斯特山地Dawn, over the karst hills of Guilin这些山地的嶙峋奇秀归功于These remarkable hills owe their peculiar shapes漓江那弱酸性的水质to the mildly acid waters of the Li River亿万年的侵蚀褪去了他们的本来面目whose meandering course over eons of time has corrode away their basis只剩下坚硬的河道残留下来until only the rocky course remained漓江是中国最清澈的河流之一Li is one of the cleanest rivers in China 是捕鱼者和他们训练有素的鸬鹚最爱的捕获点a favorite spot for fishermen with their trained cormorants这帮七八十岁的男人全部姓黄The men, all called Huang, come from the same village他们来自同一个村落now in their seventies and eighties他们毕生都以捕鱼卫生they've been fishermen all their lives在释放鱼鸟之前Before they release the birds他们在鸟的脖子上松松的系一条套索they tie a noose, loosely around the neck 以防止鸟儿私自将捕到的鱼吞进肚子里to stop them swallowing any fish they may catch伴随着即兴的舞蹈，黄老汉鼓励着他的鸟儿们跳入水中Chancing and dancing, the Huangs encourage their birds to take the plunge在水下Under water鸬鹚的狩猎本能暴发the cormorant's hunting instinct kicks in 他们化身为水下的游鱼追踪导弹turning them into fish seeking missiles一只鸬鹚小分队搭档合作齐心协力Working together,一早上便能收获颇丰a good cormorant team can catch a couple of dozen decent-sized fish in a morning鸟儿们被训练过只能带着鱼儿回到筏子The birds return to the raft with their fish because they've been trained to do so从出生的那一刻起From the time it first hatched鸬鹚们就开始被训练为忠仆each of these cormorants has been reared to a life of obedience to its master这些鸟儿是高效的奴隶The birds are, in effect, slaves但是它们并不是白痴But they are not stupid据说鸬鹚能够记住它们捕获的鱼的数目It's said the cormorants can key the tally of the fish they catch至少能记住七条at least up to seven除非它们不时得到打赏当然这不过是收回一点自己的劳动成果罢了So unless they get a reward now and then,they simply withdraw their labor渔夫理所当然得把最好的鱼留给自己The fishermen of course keep the best fish for themselves鸬鹚则能享受剩余的部分The cormorants get the leftover tiddlies项圈摘除后鸟儿们终于能享用它的战利品了With its collar removed，the bird can at last swallow its prize 最美妙的莫过于得到额外的打赏Best of all,when it isn't meant to have...而如今现代捕鱼技术的激烈竞争These days,competition for modern fishing techniques意味着使黄老汉已不能仅靠鸬鹚捕鱼这一传统的手段谋生了means the Huangs can't make a living from traditional cormorant fishing alone这一流传了1300多年的传统And this 1300-year old tradition如今只能成为取悦游客的表演is now practiced mostly to entertain tourists但在贵州省附近的草海湖上But on Caohai lake in nearby Guizhou Province一种与众不同的捕鱼业正在蓬勃发展an even more unusual fishing industry is alive and well庚钟胜正在去为夜间布网的路上Geng Zhongsheng is on his way to set out his net for the night老庚的怪网是一种一头扎起来的管状装置Geng's net is a strange tubular contraption with a closed off end上百渔夫依靠这个More than a hundred fishermen make their living from the lake水质富矿的高产湖泊为生Its mineral-rich waters are highly productive并在此布下天罗地网and there are nets everywhere第二天清早老耿和他的儿子回来收获他们猎物The next morning, Geng returns with his son to collect his catch乍看之下收获平平At first sight, it looks disappointing小鱼.虾米.和扭个不停的虫子Tiny fishes, lots of shrimps, and some wriggling bugs然而老耿看上去来并不那么消沉Geng doesn't seem too down hearted大鱼被保持存活The larger fish are kept alive这是唯一在酷暑下保鲜的办法the only way they'll stay fresh in the heat 令人吃惊的是一些虫子也被专门挑捡出来Surprisingly, some of the bugs are also singled out for special treatment它们是蜻蜓的幼虫They are the young stage of dragonflies 以蠕虫和蝌蚪为食的掠食者predators that feed on worms and tadpoles这里是世界上蜻蜓卵收获最丰的地方Nowhere else in the world are dragonfly nymphs harvested like this回到家后老耿把他的获物在屋顶上摊开晒干Back home, Geng spreads his catch on the roof to dry在中国，但凡能吃的东西都不会被浪费It's being in China, nothing edible would be wasted在遥远的南方有这样一种说法There is a saying in the far south“长腿的唯桌子不吃"We will eat anything with legs, except a table;长翅膀的独飞机不啃”and anything with wings, except a plane."几个钟头后这些晒干了的昆虫便会被带到市场上卖掉Within a few hours, the dried insects are ready to be backed up and taken to market其中蜻蜓蛹能卖到最好的价格Its the dragonfly nymphs that fetch the best price幸运的是草海的蜻蜓资源非常丰富且高速再生Fortunately, Caohai's dragonflies are abundant and fast breeding所以老耿和其他的渔民远不会危及它们的数量so Geng and his fellow fishermen have so far had little impact on their numbers但绝非所有野生动物都这样生机勃勃But not all wildlife is so resilient这所上海附近的佛庙This buddhist temple near Shanghai有一段与之相关的传奇故事has an extraordinary story attached to it2007年5月In May 2007一支狂野中国摄制组在这所寺庙的鱼塘里A Wild China camera team filmed this peculiar Swinhoe's turtle拍摄到了这只罕见的斑龟in the temple's fishpond据寺庙的和尚所说这只龟在明朝期间被赐予寺庙According to the monks, this turtle had been given to the temple during the Ming dynasty至今已有400余年历史了over 400 years ago它被认为是地球上最老的动物It was thought to be the oldest animal on Earth软壳龟被很多从中国人视为神赐的馈赠Soft shell turtles are considerd a god-made delicacy by many Chinese在被记录下的时候and when it was filmed它已是中国仅存的三只斑龟之一this was one of just three Swinhoe's Turtles left alive in China他的同胞们The rest of its kind被当作食物剿杀殆尽having been rounded up and eaten悲痛人心的是在拍摄后的短短几周后Sadly, just a few weeks after filming 这只远古的生物与世长辞了this ancient creature died他的其他同类现在被散养在不同动物园保护着The remaining individuals of its species are currently kept in seperate zoos据测算现在斑龟在自然界中已经灭绝了and Swinhoe's Turtle is now reckoned extinct in the wild事实上中国25种淡水龟中In fact, most of the 25 types of fresh water turtles in China多数都已然濒危are now vanishingly rare杜绝物种灭绝的唯一途径The answer to extinction就是加以保护is protection这里有贯穿中国南方的不断壮大的自然保护区网络And there is now a growing network of nature reserves through southern China其中张家界天子山那由沙石构成的高耸的Of these, the Tianzi Mountain Reserve at Zangjiajie is perhaps the most visited by Chinese nature lovers塔状反重力地貌最受中国自然爱好者的青睐who come to marvel at the gravity-defying landscape of soaring sand stone pinnacles蜿蜒在张家界的山峰间清澈见底的溪流Winding between Zhangjiajie's peaks 居住着一种中国最奇怪的生物crystal clear mountain streams are home to what is perhaps China's strangest creature这种奇异的动物This bizarre animal属于蝾螈的一种is a type of newt中国大鲵the Chinese Giant Salamander在中国它被称之为娃娃鱼In China, it is known as the baby fish这名称源自当他悲伤时发出的类似婴儿哭泣的声音because when distressed, it makes a sound like a crying infant成年体长1~1.5米It grows up to a meter and a half long这使它成为世界上最大的两栖类动物making it the world's largest amphibian在自然条件下一只大鲵可以活到十岁Under natural conditions, a Giant Salamander may live decades但是和很多其他中国动物一样But like so many Chinese animals 它被视为美味佳肴it is considered delicious to eat。
美丽中国 - 字幕学习版 wild china cd1
(SQUAWKING叫鸣)distinct不同的ethnic种族的immense广大的searing灼热的mind-numbing乏味/厌烦的steaming冒蒸汽的rare稀有的grassy多草的exotic外(国)来的/奇异的remarkable引人注目的subtropical亚热带的perch暂栖vi.rafts木排/筏pl.scenery风景/布景throughout遍及, ~ the world, recurring再发的motif(作品)主题vast广阔的(THUNDER RUMBLING(发)隆隆声) floodplain河滩godwits黑尾鹬yùprobe探索vt.thrive兴旺vi.swampy沼泽/泥泞的cultivate栽培vt. ~ ricepaddy稻田slopes斜坡pl.plunge猛冲vi. to ~literally简直stacked成堆的terraces地坪/梯田pl.plough犁vt.domesticated驯化的feats功绩pl.square平方cultivation耕作ritual(宗教等的)仪式unfold展开vi.mating交配~ seasonheron苍鹭predator食肉动物beak鸟喙claw爪. slaughter屠杀croak蛙鸣vi.hilly多小山的fertile肥沃的hillsides山腰pl.rural农村的manure肥料sheds棚pl.midday正午, and the Song family are tucking into 大吃domestic家庭的chit-chat闲聊crop作物critical决定性的date日期red-rumped尾的favour恩惠dwellings民居pl.note注意/记录vt.timing时间安排ordained命令的seedlings幼苗n.be uprooted连根拔起nursery保育bundle捆uptransplanting移栽egrets白鹭pl.tadpoles蝌蚪pl.chicks小鸟pl.colony(动/植物的)群体grove丛sign迹象were all set to决心step in干预tobendy易弯的eel鳝鱼(CHIRPING鸣叫)Providing假如...wading涉水的~ birdsclusters群pl.conical圆锥体的upturned翻过来的cartons纸板盒karst喀斯特limestone石灰石terrain地形be tudded钉扣with outcrops(岩石）露头erosion腐蚀,maze迷宫gullies小峡谷pl. pinnacles顶点pl. property性能corrode腐蚀vt. bedrock岩床/底fanciful想象的No prizes奖赏for…caverns洞穴conceal隐藏vt. intrepid勇敢的drips滴pl.trickles细流pl. subterranean地下的course路线gradient坡度tunnels地道pl. profile轮廓. tranquil平静的barb鱼钩.cave-evolved进化的stalactites钟乳石stalagmites石笋deposit沉淀vt. fraction片断prospect勘探vt. marvels惊叹pl. subsequently接着issue流出vi. from ~ vertical垂直的gorge峡谷focal焦点的langur长尾猴. rugged崎岖的groom梳理vt. essentially本质上buds叶芽pl. ginger姜黄色的fur柔毛vice老虎钳-likeroost栖息cliff悬崖ooze渗出vt.irresistible无法抗拒的.reserve自然保护区leopards豹pl.pythons蟒蛇pl.prowlers徘徊者pl.inaccessible达不到的troop群ledges岩架venture冒险(去) vt. comparatively相对地niche壁龛enterprising有进取心的trek长途跋涉boarders寄宿者pl.switched开/关vt. ~ offvault穴livestock家畜.(COW MOOING哞哞叫)(PIG SQUEALS长而尖地叫) revenue收入guano（海）鸟粪,fertilizer肥料swifts雨燕pl.crevices裂缝pl.stray走失vi.ultrasonic超声波的orientate定位vt.ripples涟漪pl.minnow鲦鱼meandering蜿蜒而行的~ course eons千万年~ of time cormorants鸬鹚.noose绳套loosely松散地(SPLASHING溅泼)Chanting反复有节奏的喊叫instinct本能kick in vi. 生效,missiles导弹pl. (FISHERMEN EXCLAIMING呼喊)hatch孵出vi.be reared养obedience顺从~ totally记分tiddlers小鱼儿pl.collar项圈tubular管状的contraption奇妙的装置wriggling蠕动的downhearted情绪低沉的single挑选(一个) ~ out nymphs少女pl.fetch到达vt.resilient适应力强的. Swinhoe黄嘴gourmet美食家delicacy佳肴round up聚拢vt.be reckoned认为~ adj. network网络marvel惊叹vi. ~ at pinnacles顶点pl.newt蝾螈salamander蝾螈distressed痛苦的amphibian两栖动物ancestral祖先的reptile爬行动物,hatch孵出vi. ~ outtrail踪迹.membrane薄膜chalky钙质的(CHIRPING啾啾声) alligators短吻鳄pl. (CHATTERING喋喋不休) charges管理pl.fend照料vi. ~ for granite花岗岩epitomise化身vt. resilience适应力forested森林的inhabitants居民pl. macaques猕猴pl. descendants后代pl. (SCREECHING尖叫) rough-and-tumble扭打the alpha male男一号moccasin大毒蛇ambush埋伏venomous有毒的serpents大毒蛇pl.be spotted认出viper毒蛇high-yield产量很高的reap收割vt.be snapped up争购gangs帮pl. ~ of youngsters年轻人have fledged长羽毛vi. persist持续vi.plump and ripe丰满的uppermost最高的fish to fry另有要事be drained排水vt.be revealed揭露vt. carp鲤鱼smokehouse熏制室scales鳞pl.distinctly无疑地tundra苔原/冻土refuge庇护所exploitation剥削brink(悬崖/河流)边缘(SQUAWKING叫鸣)NARRATOR: The last hidden world,China.For centuries, travellers to China have told tales of magical landscapesand surprising creatures.Chinese civilisation is the world's oldestand today, its largest,with well over a billion people.It's home to more than 50 distinct不同的ethnic种族的groupsand a wide range of traditional lifestyles,often in close partnership with nature.We know that China faces immense广大的social and environmental problems. But there is great beauty here, too.China is home to the world's highest mountains,vast deserts ranging from searing灼热的hotto mind-numbing乏味/厌烦的cold.Steaming冒蒸汽的forests harbouring rare稀有的creatures.Grassy多草的plains beneath vast horizons.And rich tropical seas.Now for the first time ever,we can explore the whole of this great country,meet some of the surprising and exotic外(国)来的/奇异的creatures that live here and consider the relationship of the people and wildlife of Chinato the remarkable引人注目的landscape in which they live.This is <Wild China>.Our exploration of China begins in the warm, subtropical亚热带的south.On the Li River, fishermen and birds perch暂栖on bamboo rafts木排/筏；a partnership that goes back more than a thousand years.This scenery风景/布景is known throughout遍及the world,a recurring再发的motif(作品)主题in Chinese paintings.And a major tourist attraction.The south of China is a vast广阔的area,eight times larger than the UK.It's a landscape of hills but also of water.(THUNDER RUMBLING(发)隆隆声)It rains here for up to 250 days a year,and standing water is everywhere.(THUNDER RUMBLING)In the floodplain河滩of the Yangtze River,black-tailed godwits黑尾鹬yùprobe探索the mud in search of worms.But isn't just wildlife that thrives兴旺in this environment.The swampy沼泽/泥泞的ground provides ideal conditionsfor a remarkable member of the grass family.Rice.The Chinese have been cultivating栽培rice for at least 8,000 years.It has transformed the landscape.Late winter in southern Yunnan is a busy time for local farmersas they prepare the age-old paddy稻田fields ready for the coming spring. These hill slopes斜坡of the Yuanyang County plunge猛冲nearly 2,000 metres to the floor of the Red River valley.Each contains literally简直thousands of stacked成堆的terraces地坪/梯田carved out by hand using basic digging tools.Yunnan's rice terraces are among the oldest human structures in China.Still ploughed犁, as they always have been,by domesticated驯化的water buffaloes,whose ancestors originated in these very valleys.This man-made landscapeis one of the most amazing engineering feats功绩of pre-industrial China.It seems as if every square平方inch of landhas been pressed into cultivation耕作.As evening approaches, an age-old ritual(宗教等的)仪式unfolds展开.It's the mating交配seasonand male paddy frogs are competing for the attention of the females.But it doesn't always pay to draw too much attention to yourself.The Chinese pond heron苍鹭is a pitiless predator食肉动物. (SQUAWKS)Even in the middle of a ploughed paddy field,nature is red in beak鸟喙and claw爪.This may look like a slaughter屠杀but as each heron can swallow only one frog at a time,the vast majority will escape to croak蛙鸣another day.Terraced paddies like those of the Yuanyang Countyare found across much of southern China.This whole vast landscape is dominated by rice cultivation.In hilly多小山的Guizhou Province,the Miao minority have developed a remarkable rice culture.With every inch of fertile肥沃的land given over to rice cultivation,the Miao build their wooden houseson the steepest and least productive hillsides山腰.In Chinese rural农村的life, everything has a use.Dried in the sun, manure肥料from the cow sheds棚will be used as cooking fuel.(WOMEN CHATTERING IN CHINESE)It's midday正午, and the Song familyare tucking into大吃a lunch of rice and vegetables.(SPEAKING IN CHINESE)Oblivious to the domestic家庭的chit-chat闲聊,Granddad Gu Yong Xiu has serious matters on his mind.Spring is the start of the rice growing season.The success of the crop作物will determine how well the family will eat next year, so planting at the right time is critical决定性的.The ideal date日期depends on what the weather will do this year,never easy to predict.But there is some surprising help at hand.On the ceiling of the Songs' living room, a pair of red-rumped尾的swallows, newly arrived from their winter migration,is busy fixing up last year's nest.In China, animals are valued as much for their symbolic meaningas for any good they may do.Miao people believe that swallow pairs remain faithful for life,so their presence is a favour恩惠and a blessing,bringing happiness to a marriage and good luck to a home.Like most Miao dwellings民居, the Songs' living room windowslook out over the paddy fields.From early spring, one of these windows is always left opento let the swallows come and go freely.Each year, granddad Gu notes注意/记录the exact day the swallows return.Miao people believe the birds' arrival predicts the timing时间安排of the season ahead.This year, they were late.So Gu and the other community elders have agreedthat rice planting should be delayed accordingly.As the Miao prepare their fields for planting,the swallows collect mud to repair their nestsand chase after insects across the newly ploughed paddies.Finally, after weeks of preparation,the ordained命令time for planting has arrived.But first the seedlings幼苗must be uprooted连根拔起from the nursery保育beds and bundled捆up ready to be transported to their new paddyhigher up the hillside.All the Songs' neighbours have turned out to help with the transplanting移栽.It's how the community has always worked.When the time comes, the Songs will return the favour.While the farmers are busy in the fields,the swallows fly back and forth with material for their nest.Many hands make light work.Planting the new paddy takes little more than an hour.Job done, the villagers can relax,at least until tomorrow.But for the nesting swallows, the work of raising a familyhas only just begun.In the newly planted fields, little egrets白鹭hunt for food.The rice paddies harbour tadpoles蝌蚪, fish and insectsand the egrets have chicks小鸟to feed.This colony(动/植物的)群体in Chongqing Province was established in 1996, when a few dozen birds built nests in the bamboo grove丛behind Yang Guang village.Believing they were a sign迹象of luck,local people initially protected the egrets and the colony grew.But their attitude changed when the head of the village fell ill.They blamed the birds and were all set to决心destroy their nests,when the local government stepped in干预to protect them.Bendy易弯的bamboo may not be the safest nesting place,but at least this youngster won't end up as someone's dinner.These chicks have just had an eel鳝鱼delivered by their mum,quite a challenge for little beaks.(CHIRPING鸣叫)Providing假如their colonies are protected,wading涉水birds like egrets are among the few wild creatureswhich benefit directly from intensive rice cultivation.Growing rice needs lots of water.But even in the rainy south,there are landscapes where water is surprisingly scarce.This vast area of southwest China,the size of France and Spain combined,is famous for its clusters群of conical圆锥体的hills,like giant upturned翻过来的egg cartons纸板盒, separated by dry empty valleys. This is the karst喀斯特, a limestone石灰石terrain地形which has become the defining image of southern China.Karst landscapes are often studded钉扣with rocky outcrops(岩石）露头, forcing local farmers to cultivate tiny fields.The people who live here are among the poorest in China.In neighbouring Yunnan Province,limestone rocks have taken over entirely.This is the famous Stone Forest,the product of countless years of erosion腐蚀,producing a maze迷宫of deep gullies小峡谷and sharp-edged pinnacles顶点. Limestone has the strange property性能that it dissolves in rainwater.Over many thousands of years water has corroded腐蚀its waydeep into the heart of the bedrock岩床/底itself.This natural wonder is a famous tourist spot,receiving close to two million visitors each year.The Chinese are fond of curiously-shaped rocksand many have been given fanciful想象的names.No prizes奖赏for guessing what this one is called!But there's more to this landscape than meets the eye.China has literally thousands of mysterious caverns洞穴concealed隐藏beneath the visible landscape of the karst.Much of this hidden world has never been seen by human eyesand is only just now being explored.(MAN SPEAKING CHINESE)For a growing band of intrepid勇敢的young Chinese explorers,caves represent the ultimate adventure.Exploring a cave is like taking a journey through time.A journey which endless raindrops will have followed over countless centuries. Fed by countless drips滴and trickles细流,the subterranean地下的river carves ever deeper into the rock.The cave river's course路线is channelled by the beds of limestone.A weakness in the rock can allow the riverto increase its gradient坡度and flow-rate,providing a real challenge for the cave explorers.The downward rush is halted when the water table is reached.Here the slow-flowing river carves tunnels地道with a more rounded profile轮廓. (MEN CHATTERING)This tranquil平静的world is home to specialised cave fishes,like the eyeless golden barb鱼钩.China may have more unique kinds of cave-evolved进化fishesthan anywhere else on earth.Above the water table,ancient caverns abandoned by the river slowly fill upwith stalactites钟乳石and stalagmites石笋.Stalactites form as trickling water deposits沉淀tiny quantities of rockover hundreds or thousands of years.Stalagmites grow up where lime-laden drips hit the cave floor.Oi!Whoo-hoo!So far, only a fraction片断of China's caves have been thoroughly prospected勘探and cavers are constantly discovering new subterranean marvels惊叹,many of which are subsequently接着developed into commercial show caves. Finally escaping the darkness,the cave river and its human explorers emerge in a valleyfar from where their journey began.For now, the adventure is over.Rivers which issue流出from cavesare the key to survival in the karst country.This vertical垂直的gorge峡谷in Guizhou Provinceis a focal焦点的point for the region's wildlife.This is one of the world's rarest primates,Frangois' langur长尾猴.In China they survive in just two southern provinces,Guizhou and Guangxi, always in rugged崎岖的limestone terrains.Like most monkeys, they are social creaturesand spend a great deal of time grooming梳理each other.Langurs are essentially本质上vegetarianwith a diet of buds叶芽, fruits and tender young leaves.Babies are born with ginger姜黄色的fur柔毛,which gradually turns black from the tail end.Young infants have a vice老虎钳-like grip, used to cling on to mum for dear life. As they get older, they get bolder and take more risks.Those that survive spend a lot of time travelling.The experienced adults know exactly where to find seasonal foodsin different parts of their range.In such steep terrain, travel involves a high level of climbing skill.These monkeys are spectacularly good rock climbersfrom the time they learn to walk.In langur society, females rule the roost栖息and take the lead when the family is on the move.One section of cliff悬崖oozes渗出a trickle of mineral-rich waterwhich the monkeys seem to find irresistible无法抗拒的.These days there are few predators in the Mayanghe Reserve自然保护区which might pose a risk to a baby monkey.But in past centuries, this area of south Chinawas home to leopards豹, pythons蟒蛇and even tigers.To survive dangerous night prowlers徘徊者, the langurs went underground, using their rock-climbing skills to seek shelter in inaccessible达不到的caverns. Filmed in near darkness using a night vision camera,the troop群clambers along familiar ledges岩架worn smooth by generations before them.During cold winter weather, the monkeys venture冒险deeper underground where the air stays comparatively相对地warm.At last, journey's end.A cosy niche壁龛beyond the reach of even the most enterprising有进取心的predator.But it's not just monkeys that find shelter in caves.These children are off to school.In rural China that may mean a long trek长途跋涉each morning,passing through a cave or two on the way.But not all pupils have to walk to school.These children are boarders寄宿者.(LAUGHING)As the day pupils near journey's end,the boarders are still making breakfast.In the schoolyard, someone seems to have switched开/关the lights off.But this is no ordinary playground, and no ordinary school.It's housed inside a cave!A natural vault穴of rock keeps out the rainso there's no need for a roof on the classroom.Zhongdong cave school is made up of six classes,with a total of 200 children.As well as the school, the cave houses 18 families,together with their livestock家畜.(COW MOOING哞哞叫)These could be the only cave-dwelling cows on earth.(PIG SQUEALS长而尖地叫)With schoolwork over, it's playtime at last.In southern China, caves aren't just used for shelter,they can be a source of revenue收入for the community.People have been visiting this cave for generations.The cave floor is covered in guano（海）鸟粪,so plentiful that 10 minutes' work can fill these farmer's baskets.It's used as a valuable source of fertilizer肥料.A clue to the source of the guano can be heard above the noise of the river.The sound originates high up in the roof of the cave.The entrance is full of swifts雨燕.They're very sociable birds.More than 200,000 of them share this cavein southern Guizhou Province, the biggest swift colony in China.These days, Chinese house swifts mostly nest in the roofs of buildings,but rock crevices裂缝like these were their original home,long before houses were invented.Though the swifts depend on the cave for shelter,they never stray走失further than the limits of daylight,as their eyes can't see in the dark.However, deep inside the cavern,other creatures are better equipped for subterranean life.A colony of bats is just waking up,using ultrasonic超声波的squeaks to orientate定位themselves in the darkness. Night is the time to go hunting.Rickett's mouse-eared bat is the only bat in Asiawhich specialises in catching fishes,tracking them down from the sound reflection of ripples涟漪on the water surface.This extraordinary behaviourwas only discovered in the last couple of years,and has never been filmed before.If catching fish in the dark is impressive,imagine eating a slippery minnow鲦鱼with no hands while hanging upside down. Dawn over the karst hills of Guilin.These remarkable hills owe their peculiar shapesto the mildly acid waters of the Li River,whose meandering蜿蜒而行course over eons千万年of timehas corroded away their bases until only the rocky cores remain.The Li is one of the cleanest rivers in China,a favourite spot for fishermen with their trained cormorants鸬鹚.(SPEAKING IN CHINESE)The men, all called Huang, come from the same village.Now in their 70s and 80s, they've been fishermen all their lives.Before they release the birds, they tie a noose绳套loosely松散地around the neck to stop them swallowing any fish they may catch.(SPLASHING溅泼)Chanting反复有节奏的喊叫and dancing,the Huangs encourage their birds to take the plunge.Underwater, the cormorant's hunting instinct本能kicks in生效,turning them into fish-seeking missiles导弹.(CHANTING)Working together, a good cormorant teamcan catch a couple of dozen decent-sized fish in a morning.(FISHERMEN EXCLAIMING呼喊)The birds return to the raft with their fishbecause they've been trained to do so.From the time it first hatched孵出, each of these cormorants has been reared养to a life of obedience顺从to its master.The birds are, in effect, slaves.But they're not stupid.It's said that cormorants can keep a tally记分of the fish they catch,at least up to seven.So unless they get a reward now and then they simply withdraw their labour.The fishermen, of course, keep the best fish for themselves.The cormorants get the leftover tiddlers小鱼儿.With its collar项圈removed, the bird at last can swallow its prize.Best of all, one it isn't meant to have!(FISHERMAN SHOUTING)These days, competition from modern fishing techniquesmeans the Huangs can't make a livingfrom traditional cormorant fishing alone.And this 1,300-year-old traditionis now practised mostly to entertain tourists.But on Caohai Lake in nearby Guizhou Province,an even more unusual fishing industry is alive and well.Geng Zhong Sheng is on his way to set out his nets for the night.Geng's net is a strange tubular管状的contraption奇妙的装置with a closed-off end. More than a hundred fishermen make their living from the lake.Its mineral-rich waters are highly productive,and there are nets everywhere.The next morning, Geng returns with his son to collect his catch.(SPEAKING CHINESE)At first sight, it looks disappointing.Tiny fishes, lots of shrimps, and some wriggling蠕动bugs.Geng doesn't seem too downhearted情绪低沉的.The larger fish are kept alive,the only way they'll stay fresh in the heat.Surprisingly, some of the bugs are also singled挑选(一个) out for special treatment. They're the young stage of dragonflies,predators that feed on worms and tadpoles.Nowhere else in the world are dragonfly nymphs少女harvested like this.Back home, Geng spreads his catch on the roof to dry.This being China, nothing edible will be wasted.There's a saying in the far south,"We will eat anything with legs except a table,"and anything with wings except a plane."Within a few hours, the dried insects are ready to be bagged upand taken to market.It's the dragonfly nymphs that fetch到达the best price.Fortunately, Caohai's dragonflies are abundant and fast-breeding.So Geng and his fellow fishermenhave so far had little impact on their numbers.But not all wildlife is so resilient适应力强的.(MONKS CHANTING)This Buddhist temple near Shanghai has an extraordinary story attached to it. In May 2007, a <Wild China> camera teamfilmed this peculiar Swinhoe黄嘴's turtle in the temple's fish pond. According to the monks, the turtle had been given to the templeduring the Ming dynasty, over 400 years ago.It was thought to be the oldest animal on earth.Soft-shelled turtles are considered a gourmet美食家delicacy佳肴by many Chinese,and when it was filmed,this was one of just three Swinhoe's turtles left alive in China,the rest of its kind having been rounded up聚拢and eaten.Sadly, just a few weeks after filming,this ancient creature died.The remaining individuals of its species are currently kept in separate zoos and Swinhoe's turtle is now reckoned认为extinct in the wild.In fact, most of the 25 types of freshwater turtles in Chinaare now vanishingly rare.The answer to extinction is protection.And there is now a growing network网络of nature reservesthroughout southern China.Of these, the Tianzi Mountain Reserve at Zhangjiajie is perhapsthe most visited by Chinese nature lovers,who come to marvel惊叹at the gravity-defying landscapeof soaring sandstone pinnacles顶点.Winding between Zhangjiajie's peaks, crystal clear mountain streamsare home to what is perhaps China's strangest creature.This bizarre animal is a type of newt蝾螈,the Chinese giant salamander蝾螈.In China it is known as the baby fishbecause when distressed痛苦it makes a sound like a crying infant.It grows up to a metre and a half long,making it the world's largest amphibian两栖动物.Under natural conditions, a giant salamander may live for decades.But like so many Chinese animals, it is considered delicious to eat.Despite being classed as a protected species,giant salamanders are still illegally sold for foodand the baby fish is now rare and endangered in the wild.Fortunately, in a few areas like Zhangjiajie,giant salamanders still survive under strict official protection.The rivers of Zhangjiajie flow north east into the Yangtze floodplain,known as The Land of Fish and Rice.On an island in a lake in Anhui Province,a dragon is stirring.This is the ancestral祖先的home of China's largest and rarest reptile爬行动物, a creature of mystery and legend.Dragon eggs are greatly prized.These babies need to hatch孵出out quick!It would seem someone is on their trail踪迹.For a helpless baby reptile,imprisoned in a leathery membrane薄膜inside a chalky钙质的shell,the process of hatching is a titanic struggle.And time is running out.(CHIRPING啾啾声)It's taken two hoursfor the little dragon to get its head out of the egg.It needs to gather its strength now,for one final, massive push.Free at last,the baby Chinese alligators短吻鳄instinctively head upwardstowards the surface of the nest and the waiting outside world. (CHATTERING喋喋不休)But the visitors are not what they seem.(BOTH SPEAKING CHINESE)She Shizhen and her son live nearby.She has been caring for her local alligators for over 20 years,so she had a fair idea when the eggs were likely to hatch.Back home, she's built a pond surrounded by netting to keep out predators, where her charges管理will spend the next six monthsuntil they're big enough to fend照料for themselves.For the past 20 years,small-scale conservation projects like thisare all that have kept China's 150 wild alligators from extinction.Just south of the alligator country,dawn breaks over a very different landscape.The 1,800-metre-high granite花岗岩peaks of the Huangshan or Yellow Mountain. To the Chinese, Huangshan's pines epitomise化身the strength and resilience适应力of nature.Some of these trees are thought to be over 1,000 years old.Below the granite peaks,steep forested森林的valleys shelter surprising inhabitants居民.Huangshan macaques猕猴, rare descendants后代of the Tibetan macaques of western China,are unique to these mountain valleyswhere they enjoy strict official protection.(SCREECHING尖叫)After a morning spent in the treetops,the troop is heading for the shade of the valley.A chance for the grown-ups to escape the heatand maybe pick up a lunch snack from the stream.As in most monkey societies,social contact involves a lot of grooming.Grooming is all very well for grown-ups,but young macaques have energy to burn.(SCREECHING)Like so much monkey business,what starts off as a bit of playful rough-and-tumble扭打,soon begins to get out of hand.The alpha male男一号has seen it all before.He's not in the least bothered.But someone, or something, is watching,with a less than friendly interest.The Chinese moccasin大毒蛇is an ambush埋伏predator with a deadly bite. This is one of China's largest and most feared venomous有毒的snakes.But the monkeys have lived alongside these dangerous serpents大毒蛇for thousands of years.(MONKEYS SCREECHING)They use this specific alarm call to warn each otherwhenever a snake is spotted认出.Once its cover is blown, the viper毒蛇poses no threat to the monkeys,now safe in the treetops.And life soon returns to normal.By late summer, the rice fields of southern China have turned to gold.The time has come to bring in the harvest.Nowadays, modern high-yield产量很高的strainsare grown throughout much of the rice lands,boosted by chemical fertilizers and reaped收割by combine harvesters.。
BBC美丽中国第六集中英文字幕解析
wild China.美丽中国（Wild China）第六集潮汐更迭Tides of Change 双语对照文本字幕从东端的长城起From the eastern end of the Great Wall,中国的海岸跨度14,500公里China's coast spans 14,500 kilometres并且拥有五千多年的历史and more than 5,000 years of history.在这个方面显示了This is the area which shows the greatest contrast中国的过去和未来之间的差距between China's past and its future.如今中国的东海岸线Today China's eastern seaboard有七亿人口is home to 700 million people,居住在科技高速发展的沿海城市packed into some of the most dazzling hi-tech cities on earth.然而这些拥挤的海岸仍然是野生动物的一个重要财富Yet these crowded shores remain hugely important for a wealth of wildlife.现在古老的传统渐渐被新的气息所侵蚀Now, as ancient traditions mingle with new aspirations,那么在中国拥挤的海岸上还有野生动物的活动场所吗is there any room at all for wildlife on China's crowded shores?谨以此献给我们多灾多难但美丽依旧的祖国For our troubled but drop-dead beautiful motherland在中国北方的扎龙自然保护区In northern China's Zhalong Nature Reserve,一对丹顶鹤正守望着它们的产卵领土a pair of red-crowned cranes have staked out their nesting territory在一个商业管理的芦苇床残株里in the stubble of a commercially managed reed bed.数百年来For centuries,cranes have been revered in China鹤被中国人视为长寿的象征而备受尊崇as symbols of longevity.它们的雕像被放在皇帝的宝座旁Their statues were placed next to the Emperor's throne.鹤因此而受到赞扬The cranes have cause to celebrate.幼鹤在困难时刻就象征着希望This chick is a sign of hope in difficult times.丹顶鹤是世界上最濒临灭绝边缘的物种之一Red-crowned cranes are one of the world's most endangered species.在过去的一个世纪Over the last century,中国失去了近一半的沿海湿地China has lost nearly half of its coastal wetlands并且大多数改造地是为了造福人类而非野生动物and most of what remains is managed for the benefit of people, not wildlife.从现在起的数个月 A few months from now,幼鹤和它的家人将面临一场往南方的大迁徙this chick and its parents will face a long migration south来躲避北方的严冬to escape the harsh northern winter.它们将沿着海岸向前Their route will take them along a coast然而这些海岸已经受到人类活动的巨大影响which has been greatly affected by human activity.在它们的征途上Along their journey,the cranes will be joined将有成千上万其他鸟类加入迁徙大军by many thousands of other migrating birds.它们迁徙的方向横跨南渤海湾All heading south across the Bohai Gulf 沿海岸的黄海和中国东海and along the shores of the Yellow and East China Seas,最远甚至抵达中国南海some even reaching as far as the South China Sea寻找一个安全的冬季避难所in search of a safe winter haven.每年候鸟迁徙已持续了数千年之久The annual bird migration has been going on for thousands of years.在中国东北海岸的锦屏山Here at Mount Jinping on China's northeast coast,存留着人类there is surprising evidence曾长期居住过的惊人遗迹that people have lived here almost as long. 七千年前Seven thousand years ago,少昊部落的成员雕刻下的神奇符号members of the Shao Hao tribe carved magical symbols描绘出他们日常生活得到的重要原理representing significant elements of their daily lives.这种岩石雕刻显示出The petroglyphs show wheat sheaves connected by lines to human figures,中国第一个有记录的耕种遗址the first known recordings of cultivation in China.因为常年目睹群鸟迁徙的奇观Familiar with the spectacle of yearly bird migrations,少昊人选择一只鸟的符号作为他们的图腾the Shao Hao people chose a symbol of a bird as their totem.锦屏山位于山东半岛附近Mount Jinping lies near the Shandong peninsula,是候鸟的一个重要越冬场所an important wintering site for migrant birds,即使在今天仍然有鸟群沿着这条海岸线前进and even today there are still communities along this coastline并且和当地的鸟群保持着密切关系who retain a special affinity with their local birdlife.烟墩礁Yandun Jiao village,位于半岛的东北岸on the north-eastern shore of the peninsula, 以其传统特色的海藻覆顶建筑闻名于世is famous for its traditional seaweed-thatched cottages.在早春料峭的清晨On a chilly morning in early spring,屈夫妇在破晓时刻出来碰运气Mr and Mrs Qu venture out at first light带着海民的传统工具——桶和小铲armed with the traditional seaside accessories of bucket and spade.当屈家人朝着港湾前进As the Qus head down into the harbour,一群被当地人 a flock of whooper swans,亲切称为“冬日天使”的大天鹅known affectionately here as "winter angels", 在海湾醒来are waking out in the bay.屈家和他们的邻居在潮落的泥浆中The Qus and their neighbours search for tube holes寻找管状的孔in the mud at low tide,那里意味着有扇贝或竹蛏深藏在泥底the sign of cockles and razor shells hidden deep below.收集贝克是颇为流行的消遣While gathering shellfish is a popular pastime,当地人以出海为主要营生the main business of Yandun Jiao happens further out at sea.当老屈站在启程船只的甲板上As the boats set out,with Mr Qu on board,天鹅并肩掠过the swans set a parallel course.整个海湾是一个巨型海藻农场The whole of the bay is a gigantic seaweed farm.人们整天忙于清理和照料海藻叶The men work all day cleaning and tending the kelp fronds海藻长在巨大浮标舰队互相连接的绳子上that are grown on ropes linked to a vast armada of buoys.天鹅只吃长在绳子表面的本地海藻The swans eat native seaweeds growing on the surface ropes而非更有价值的产物rather than the valuable crop of kelp,所以它们无损经济作物的生长so they do no harm to the commercial operation.下午当风在海上生起In the afternoon,as the wind picks up out at sea,工人和天鹅退回岸边the workers and swans return to shore.当追求与自然和谐的文化While the culture of seeking balance with nature历经远路回归中国的时候goes back a long way in China,在中国拥挤的海岸线很难看到如此和谐的人地关系it is rare to see such harmonious relationships on China's crowded coast.当夜晚降临As evening draws on,屈家人准备了扇贝the Qu family prepare their evening meal of cockles,馒头和海藻做为晚膳steamed bread and seaweed.孩子们谈话声(KIDS CHATTERING)剩菜被村里的孩子们用来喂天鹅Leftovers are given to the village children to feed the swans.这给孩子和村民带来许多乐趣It's fun for the kids and provides并未鸟儿们度过寒夜提供了能量补给an extra energy boost for the birds as they face another cold night.天鹅已经利用这个庇护港The swans have been using this sheltered bay作为冬天的过冬地at as a winter refuge for many generations.只要敬重自然的传统还在As long as the tradition of respect for nature persists,烟墩礁的村民和“冬日天使”间的this remarkable association between the Yandun Jiao community奇妙友谊就会持续下去and their winter angels looks set to continue. 在渤海湾天鹅村的最东北处Out in the Bohai Gulf,northeast of the swan village,一座小小的岩岛为迁徙的鸟儿提供了安静的歇脚地a small rocky island provides a quiet resting spot for migrating birds.但是蛇岛亦潜伏着危险But Shedao Island has hidden dangers.由于海平面上升蝮蛇已被困在这座岛上6000余年Pallas' pit vipers trapped here6,000 years ago by rising sea levels这已演化成一种险恶的生存方式have evolved a sinister lifestyle.每年有10个月For 10 months of the year岛上没有任何食物there is nothing substantial to eat on the island,因此爬行类动物保持静止以保存体力so the reptiles conserve their energy by barely moving at all.鸟群鸣叫(BIRDS CAWING)当阳光使它们的岩石家园变暖As the sun warms their rocky home,这些蛇便爬进灌木树丛the snakes climb up into the bushes and trees.但是它们不是来这晒日光浴的But they aren't here to sunbathe.越来越多的毒蛇出现了More and more vipers appear事实上毒蛇占据了几乎所有栖息地until virtually every perch where a bird might land等着鸟们上钩has been booby-trapped.“守猎”游戏开始了Then the waiting game begins.蛇隐藏得很好The serpents' camouflage is remarkable,但是蛇攻击鸟的时候but so are the birds' reactions,鸟的反应同样迅速as this high-speed shot reveals.鸟群只在岛上停留几周The birds will only stay on the island for a couple of weeks.但是尽管蛇已经饿了几个月了But although the snakes have been starving for months,但是它们实现饱餐一顿心愿的途径their only hope of bagging a meal is to be patient只能是潜藏起来耐心等待and sit tight.即便最微小的失误The slightest miscalculation也会导致狩猎的失败and the snake is left with a mouthful of feathers.蛇只能通过嗅觉寻找失去的美味The dropped meal is tracked down mainly by smell,毒蛇用分叉的舌头the viper using its forked tongue分辨空气来靠近追逐的猎物to taste the air until it is close enough to see its quarry.最后的挑战是吞下自己头部两倍粗的食物The final challenge is to swallow a meal that's twice the size of its head.蛇能让下巴脱臼并合理安排食物的方向It does so by dislocating its jaws and positioning its prey使鸟嘴指向后边so the beak is pointing backwards.对于爬虫来说，充足的时间也很短暂For the reptiles,this time of plenty is all too brief.再过几个星期，迁移就要结束了In a couple of weeks,the migration will be over鸟群会继续前进and the birds will have moved on.这可能是蛇六个月中的最后一餐This could be the snake's last meal for six months.但是并不是岛上会经历But it isn't just islands盛宴和饥馑的循环that experience cycles of feast and famine. 海也有季节变化The sea, too, has its seasons,沿岸的渔民都知道这个变化a fact well known to fishing communities along the neighbouring coasts.在初望港In Chuwang harbour,盛大的聚会是新汛期开始的证明the start of a new fishing season provides the excuse for a massive party.但是对于船主老赵来说But for boat owner Mr Zhao,既有庆祝又有祈祷it's a day of prayer as well as celebration.老赵希望通过祭祀海神Zhao hopes that by presenting gifts and showing respect to the sea goddess,来确保他们来年捕鱼he can help ensure a prosperous and safe year ahead顺利安全for him and his crew.同时鼓声爆竹反映了古人的信念Meanwhile, drums, firecrackers and fireworks reflect the ancient belief古人认为嘈杂巨响能驱赶海怪和坏运气that loud noises will frighten off dangerous sea devils and bad fortune.台子中间的那个是海龙的象征Occupying centre stage is a representation of the sea dragon,传说海龙控制着水和天气mythical ruler of water and weather.夜晚风平浪静In the calm of the evening,赵先生和家人点亮了纸船灯笼Mr Zhao and his family light paper boat lanterns.每一个闪烁的火焰带着一个愿望飘向海神Each flickering flame carries a wish to the sea goddess,这个传统世代传递着a tradition passed on from parents to children over countless generations.在中国拥挤的海岸线上On China's crowded coasts,渔民们必须非常机敏fishermen need to be extremely resourceful. 收渔网是一项繁重的工作Hauling in the nets is hard work,目前为止还没有看到鱼and so far there's not a fish in sight.只有海蜇Only jellyfish.每年无数的海蜇Each year, millions of jellyfish被渤海湾的水流带到南方are carried south with the currents in the Bohai Gulf.这种现象的生态学原因很复杂The ecological story behind this event is complex,但决不是中国特有的but by no means unique to China.海蜇是快速繁殖的浮游生物的食物Jellyfish are fast-breeding plankton feeders. 近些年来人类污水和精耕细作使用的化肥In recent years, human sewage and fertilisers from intensive farming增大了海湾的浮游生物繁殖速度have increased plankton blooms in the Gulf,提供了丰富的海蜇食物providing extra jellyfish food.由于过度捕鱼海蜇的敌人和竞争者少了While over-fishing has reduced their enemies and competitors.这种现象已经It's a phenomenon that has become increasingly widespread在全球蔓延across the world's seas.然而别的地方认为是个问题However, what is seen elsewhere as a problem,在中国却被当成机会in China is perceived as an opportunity.岸上Back on shore,四轮车载着海蜇到附近的大商店里mule carts transport the jellyfish to nearby warehouses在那里处理后销往全国where they will be processed and sold as food all over China.四代人正在饱餐一碗海蜇片Four generations tuck into a bowl of sliced jellyfish,这道菜可以延年益寿the recipe for a long and healthy life.离开了渤海湾Leaving the Bohai Gulf behind,迁徙的鹤群migrating cranes,篦鹭和鸭子里边加入了其他鸟类spoonbills and ducks are joined by other birds,它们都飞向南方寻找安全的冬天栖息地all heading south in search of a safe winter haven.鸟群的迁徙路线顺着黄海The birds' migration route follows the coast of the Yellow Sea一路朝向江苏省down into Jiangsu Province,那里有肥沃的农业风景 a fertile agricultural landscape有中国最后存留的盐沼泽地with some of the last remaining salt marshes in China.大丰At Dafeng,一小块盐沼泽的就是一只幸存动物的家园a small salt marsh reserve is home to an animal which is lucky to be alive.中国人认为麋鹿是奇怪复杂的动物The Chinese see these Milu as a curious composite animal,有像马一样的头with a horse's head,牛一样的脚cow's feet,驴一样的尾巴 a tail like a donkey朝向后边的鹿角and backwards-facing antlers.在西方自从第一个欧洲人In the West, we know it as David's Deer,叫它麋鹿以后我们也这样叫了after the first European to describe it.在发情期During the rut,雄鹿用植物的花环来装饰自己stags decorate themselves with garlands of vegetation这些东西是用鹿角弄的collected in their antlers.激烈的战斗决定谁拥有交配权Fierce battles decide mating rights.雌鹿仍然带着去年的幼鹿The females still have last year's fawns in tow.母鹿在发情期也没有给幼鹿断奶They haven't been weaned by the time of the rut幼鹿聚在一起and band together in large crhes,只回到自己母亲那里喂食only returning to their mothers to feed.这种特殊的行为有助于帮助它们记清楚好斗的雄鹿This unique behaviour helps to keep them clear of the aggressive males.现在中国仅存2500头麋鹿了Today, there are just2,500 Milu in China, 很明显如果再多也很有限but it is remarkable that there are any at all. 在20世纪初期野外的麋鹿濒临灭绝In the early 1900s Milu became extinct in the wild,幸运的是一些良种鹿群被当作礼物送到了欧洲but luckily, some of the Imperial herd had been sent as a gift to Europe.那些在英格兰Woburn Abbey的麋鹿繁衍了下来Those at Woburn Abbey,in England, prospered.20世纪80年代40头鹿被送回了故乡And in the early 1980s, 40 of the deer were returned to their homeland它们在那里继续繁衍生息where they continue to thrive.迁徙的鹤群至今已经The migrating cranes have so far travelled 顺着海岸向南飞行了两千多公里了over 2,000 kilometres southwards along the coast.经过了大丰的麋鹿预留区Passing the Milu Deer Reserve at Dafeng, 它们接近了另一个盐沼泽地they are approaching another salt marsh那里给它们过冬提供了极好的条件which will provide the perfect conditions for them to spend the winter.盐城，中国最大的沿海湿地This is Yancheng,the largest coastal wetland in China,每年估计有三百万鸟拜访这里visited by an estimated three million birds each year.(嘎嘎的叫声）(SQUAWKING)刚出生七个月的幼鹤Crane chicks that were only born seven months ago完成了第一次来回旅行have now completed the first leg of a round trip它们将会每年重复这样which they will repeat every year.坚强的鹤群能应付冬天的温度The hardy cranes can cope with winter temperatures温度可能降到零度以下which may drop below freezing.但是其他迁徙的鸟类比如濒临灭绝的黑面篦鹭However, other migrating birds, like the endangered black-faced spoonbill,就没有那么耐寒are less cold-tolerant它们将要继续南飞寻找更温暖的气候and will continue even further south in search of warmer climes.(嘎嘎的叫声）(SQUAWKING)在这里许多迁徙的鸟群At this point,many of the migrating bird flocks勉强达到了它们南飞旅程的一半are barely halfway along their southward journey.在它们前面还有新的挑战Ahead of them lies a new challenge,中国最伟大的河——长江China's greatest river, the Yangtze,是许多种类迁徙物种的聚集地and the venue for a very different kind of migration.每年上百万吨的货物往来江面Each year, millions of tons of cargo travel up and down the river,使这里成了世界上最繁忙的航路之一making this one of the busiest waterways in the world.这些是中华绒蝥蟹These are Chinese mitten crabs,因它们长毛爪子得名named for their strange hairy claws.它们可以迁移长达1500公里They may migrate as much as1,500 kilometres从支流和湖泊一直到河口from tributaries and lakes to the river mouth, 他们在那里繁殖后代where they gather to breed.中华鲟也有相似的迁徙 A similar migration is made by the giant Yangtze sturgeon,中华鲟能长到4米长半吨重which can reach four metres long and weigh half a ton.近些年来它们的数量骤减In recent years,its numbers have declined dramatically这是由于它们的迁徙被越来越多的河坝阻挡了as its migration is impeded by ever more river dams.但是不仅中华鲟有这样的境遇But it isn't just animals like the sturgeon that are in trouble,整个长江的生态系统都遭到了破坏the entire Yangtze River ecosystem is being poisoned.虽然有显耀的清理计划项目In spite of being the subject of an ambitious clean-up plan,估计长江是最大的today the river is reckoned to be the biggest 污染太平洋的单向水源single source of pollution entering the Pacific Ocean.坐落于长江入海口的Situated right at the mouth of its estuary,崇明岛为迁徙的滨鸟Chongming Island provides a vital resting and feeding spot提供了重要的休养生息的地方for migrating shorebirds,人们对长江流域的野生动物的态度不断转变and a place which offers welcome evidence这个地方也是个很好的证明of changing attitudes towards the Yangtze's beleaguered wildlife.几个世纪里这些沿岸泥滩一直吸引许多捕猎者For centuries these coastal mudflats have attracted hunters,就像金先生一样like Mr Jin,他们不断地改善捕猎技巧who have honed their trapping skills to perfection捕获稀有鸟类供上海有钱人食用to put rare birds on the tables of Shanghai's elite.40年里金先生一直用一张网For 40 years Mr Jin has used a net,简单的诱鸟和一只竹笛simple decoy birds and a bamboo whistle来诱惑经过的鸟到他的网里to lure passing birds towards his nets.(笛声)(WHISTLING)这需要耐心和高超的技巧It takes both patience and consummate skill. 但是事情并不总是这样But all is not as it seems.像其他许多最好的自然保护者一样Mr Jin, like many of the best conservationists, 金先生现在由偷猎者变为了看护者is poacher turned gamekeeper,使用他捕猎技艺来保护他原先的猎物using his hunting skills to benefit his old quarry.在东潭鸟类保护基地里The staff here at Dongtan Bird Reserve人们将给这些捕获的鸟测量带环称重will measure, ring and weigh the trapped birds然后把它们释放before releasing them unharmed.由金先生和他的同事们收集的这些信息The information gathered by Mr Jin and his colleagues帮助保护了200多个不同的鸟类helps to protect over 200 different species of birds这些鸟类每年都要来到这个岛屿which visit the island each year.在崇明岛正南端Just south of Chongming Island是中国最大的海边城市——上海lies China's largest coastal city, Shanghai.上海处于一条河流生物和鸟类迁徙的路径上Situated on a major migration route for birds as well as river life,现在它正进行一个更大的侵袭动作Shanghai is now preparing for an even bigger invasion.满载着建筑材料的驳船不停的到达这个城市的码头Barges loaded with building materials constantly arrive in the city's docks,来满足这个世界最繁忙建设之一的需要feeding one of the greatest construction booms in the world.去年全世界一半的水泥都运往中国的各个城市Last year, half the world's concrete was poured into China's cities,这些都是为了人类历史上最大规模的all in preparation for the biggest mass migration of people人口迁移做准备in the history of the world.在未来25年里预计有超过3亿中国人In the next 25 years,well over 300 million people将从中国农村迁移到城市例如上海are predicted to move from rural China into cities like Shanghai.从农村到城市的人类迁移The migration of people from country to city在全世界各地都可以看到is being mirrored around the world,and by 2010到2010年超过一半的世界人口将成为城市居住者over half of the world's population will be urban dwellers.当夜晚来临时上海就会揭示它的本色As night falls,Shanghai reveals its true colours.这是中国最快增长的金融中心China's fastest-growing financial centre 是这个巨大繁荣的中心is in the midst of a massive boom.其人口估计超过2千万With an estimated population of more than 20 million,上海无疑是中国最大Shanghai is officially China's largest也是最耀眼的城市and certainly its most dazzling city.但他的辉煌背后存在着环境代价But there is an environmental cost.上海居民使用的电力是Shanghai residents now use two and a half times more power per head郊区居民的2.5倍than their rural cousins.这个城市近乎贪得无厌的能源需求The city's seemingly insatiable energy demands得需要17个电厂来提供满足currently require the output of 17 power stations.上海往南城市灯光逐渐暗淡South of Shanghai the city lights gradually fade好象我们进入了一个古老的世界as we enter an ancient world.这是福建省This is Fujian Province,一个崎岖的地域 a rugged terrain由于花岗岩大山的护卫guarded by sheer granite mountains which have helped to forge and preserve使得一些中国最古老的遗址和传统文化得以稳固并保存some of China's most ancient sites and traditional cultures.远高出海边地带坐落着1400米高的太姥山Towering above the coast,the 1,400-metre-high Taimu Mountains是中国人熟识的“海上仙都”are known to the Chinese as "Fairyland on the Sea".潮湿的海风在寒冷的山顶凝聚Moist sea breezes condense on the cool mountaintops并与排水良好的酸性土壤结合and combine with well-drained acid soils便形成了完美的种植环境to produce the perfect growing conditions 适合喜酸性的植物——例如野杜鹃for acid-loving plants like wild azaleas.也合适生长山茶It's also home to camellias,including the most famous of all,包括最著名的茶树种植the tea plant.沿着福建沿海一带的类似种植环境Similar growing conditions all along the Fujian coast使得中国茶叶独享其尊make this the treasure chest for China's tea, 其茶产业远可源自4000多年前the heart of an industry dating back almost 4,000 years.这个地区最传统的茶树栽培文化One of the most traditional tea-growing cultures in the area当数这里的客家人沿袭的is that of the Kejia people.每天清晨山羊被放养在这些茶树梯田间Every morning, goats are let loose among the tea terraces,这是个历史悠久的传统 a centuries-old tradition.看起来好象很奇怪让这些This might seem surprising given goats' reputation山羊去吃这些绿色的植物for eating anything green,不过茶树并不像看上去那样毫无设防but tea isn't as defenceless as it looks.茶叶中存在刺激性的化学成分Tea leaves are loaded with bitter chemicals 以驱走啃食的动物designed to repel browsing animals.这对山羊很有效It works on the goats,它们只是吃光茶树外的杂草who leave the tea untouched and instead eat up the weeds,它们的粪便恰好茶树供给了养分fertilising the tea plants with their droppings.惊讶的是我们人类The surprise is that we humans却还没发现同样刺激性的化学鸡尾酒should find the same bitter chemical cocktail以便让人类根本不敢染指utterly irresistible.对客家人而言种植茶树是家族事业Among the Kejia people,tea-growing is a family business.女人们采摘男人门加工打包Women do the picking,while the men process and pack it.张女士是一名客家家族的成员Mrs Zhang belongs to a Kejia family她们家族在这片同样的茶园that has lived and worked for generations 生活劳作了数个世代among these same tea terraces.最精良的茶叶需要在温暖的阳光里快速采摘The finest tea needs to be gathered quickly in warm sunshine这样可以让茶叶保留有茶油的香味as this brings out the flavour-enhancing oils inside the leaves.这个可持续的产业使得中国最精美的地形之一This sustainable industry has protected one of China's finest landscapes和最传统文化之一得以保存下来and one of its most traditional cultures.在早上采摘之后At the end of the morning's picking,张女士把茶叶带回家以待加工Mrs Zhang returns home to drop off her tea ready for processing.这个城堡式样的建筑在过去This fort-like design has survived from a time客家人得以从与敌对的当地部落势力when the Kejia needed to protect themselves斗争中幸存下来against hostile local tribes.每个房子有3到4层Each house has three or four levels以适合50到250人居住designed to accommodate50 to 250 people. 最底层是厨房和家畜使用The ground floor houses the kitchens and animal stock同时有一条通道通向水井取水with access to a well for water.第一层房间用作储藏The first floor rooms are used for storage 第二层作为寝居and the upper floors are bedrooms.这一些很非凡的建筑已有800多年历史了Some of these remarkable buildings are 800 years old经历了地震和台风并完整的保存了下来and have survived earthquakes and typhoons.当收集一定数量茶叶时下一步加工开始了Once enough tea has been gathered in,the processing begins.把绿色茶叶变为市场销售的茶叶Turning green leaves into saleable tea最少包含8个步骤involves at least eight different stages,包括干燥捻细筛挤压和扭拧including drying, bruising,sifting, squeezing and twisting,这些都是成品打包前必须的步骤before the finished product is finally ready for packing.张女士的村庄出产“小黑龙”茶The Zhang's village produces"little black dragon",即——乌龙茶or oolong tea,其称呼源于冲泡茶叶时so called because of the way its twisted leaves unfurl那宛如蟠龙舒展的姿态when water is poured over them.茶在客家人生活中占据着重要地位Tea plays a vital part in Kejia life,既是一个收入来源也是一种迎宾之道not only as a source of income,but also as a way to welcome visitors它将人们联系在一起and bring people together.在中国人传统生活中In traditional Chinese life,即使最简单的一杯茶也被赋以复杂的仪式even the simplest cup of tea is poured with an intricate amount of ritual.在过去In the past,客家人的其他主要收入来自运送像茶叶一样的货物the Kejia people's other main income came from transporting goods like tea穿越变幻莫测的山川和河流入口across the treacherous topography of mountains and river estuaries.他们的运输路线在1059年变得轻松易行Their route was suddenly made easier when, in 1059,一切归于这座名桥的建造this remarkable bridge was built.它的桥面由重达10吨的花岗岩架设而成Made from massive10-ton slabs of granite,是中国不太知名的建筑奇葩之一it is one of China's lesser-known architectural gems.洛阳桥历经地震狂潮风采依旧Luoyang Bridge has withstood earthquakes and tempestuous tides.被称为“万安渡”的Known as "10,000 ships launching",46座桥墩the bridge's 46 piers在潮水的冲刷下已经屹立的近千年have withstood time and tide for almost a millennium.据当地传说According to folklore,桥的成功在于有远见地应用了生物工程its success is due to a far-sighted piece of bio-engineering.在桥墩上养殖牡蛎之后Oysters were seeded on the piers利用他们的凝固物可以and ever since,their concretions have helped cement将花岗岩胶合凝结起来the granite blocks together.如今惠安的女人们仍用传统的Today, oysters are still cultivated here方法在这里养殖牡蛎in the traditional way by Hui'an women.屹立在桥下的泥滩之中的岩石Stones are stood in the mudflats below the bridge可以使牡蛎附着生长to encourage the oysters to grow.如今当地人主要用洛阳桥来Luoyang Bridge is now mainly used by locals运送货物穿过河口到港口去carrying goods across the estuary towards the coastal ports.两千多年来For more than 2,000 years,中国的沿海贸易主要依靠于coastal trade in China has depended一种具有开创性卓越性能船on a remarkable and pioneering type of ship, 我们称之为舢板known to us as the junk.这艘船所用的的大众化设计This working vessel follows a general design 在福建已经使用了600多年that's been in use in Fujian for at least 600 years.船首是画上了两只大眼睛的鸟喙造型Its bows take the form of a beak,with two large painted eyes古代的航员们相信evoking the traditional seafarers' belief鸟的形象可以使海员们平安归来that the bird's image would help sailors return safely,就像每年春秋回来的候鸟一样like the migrants that return each spring and autumn.茶叶和其他货物经防水处理后储存Tea and other goods were stored in strong bulkheads,分储在防水壁中以降低洪涝带来的损失each waterproofed and separated from the next to minimise flood damage.这种保持珍贵茶叶干燥的革新措施This innovation, introduced to keep precious tea cargos dry,不仅改进了中国的船只spurred on the improvement of not only Chinese boats,还改进了西方的船只but Western ones, too.舢板上独特的索具The distinctive rigging of the junk's sails使得它在恶劣的天气下也容易操纵allows easy handling in bad weather,这在风暴肆虐的海边至关重要essential along this storm-battered coast.台风一词源于“大风”的谐音Each year from July to November,up to a dozen typhoons,每年7至11月成批的台风 a corruption of the Chinese word for "great wind",朝西北方向席卷中国而来head northwest towards China.全球像二氧化碳这样的温室气体的增加Typhoons are becoming more frequent as sea temperatures rise,使得海的温度升高aided by a global increase in greenhouse gases,台风也因此变得更加频繁such as carbon dioxide.但卫星图片却显示了一个令人惊讶的转变But satellite pictures have revealed a。
美丽中国中英文字幕 第05集 熊猫之地 Land of the Panda
美丽中国（Wild China）第五集熊猫之地Land of the Panda双语对照文本字幕北有长城的庇护Protected by the Great Wall in the north南得长江黄河的滋润灌溉and fed by the Yellow and Yangtse rivers中国东部的心脏地带China's eastern heartland成为了五千年中华文明is the center of a flourishing civilization繁荣发展的核心which spends more than 5 000 years 对外来者而言To outsiders这是一块神秘的土地this is a mysterious land夺目的人造建筑屹立在这里It contains dazzling man-made structures这儿也是中国最稀有最具魅力的and it's home to some of China's rarest 动物之家and most charismatic creatures居住在这块土地上的The people who live here汉族人the Han Chinese是世界上人口最多的民族comprise the largest ethnic group in the world他们的语言and their language普通话Mandarin是世界上最古老以及使用最广泛的语言is the world's oldest and most widely spoken language在过去的五十年In the last 50 years中国已经取得了长足的发展China has seen massive development 同时也带来了诸多环境问题bringing many environmental problems中国人but the relationship of the Chinese与自然环境间的关系to their environment and its creatures 是如此的深刻is in fact deep复杂与非凡complex, and extraordinary在这期节目中In this program我们将探寻这种古老的关系以及we'll look for clues to this ancient relationship以及他对中国未来的意义and what it means for the future of China我们的旅程将从中国的心脏启航Our journey starts at the very heart of China北京Beijing中国的首都是一座巨大的城市China's capital is a vast metropolis供养着1500万人口home to 15 million people这座熙熙攘攘的现代都市似乎This bustling modern city seems an unlikely place与传统信仰和习俗无缘for traditional beliefs and customs在现代的浮华外表之下but beneath the contemporary veneer 依稀可以窥探到远古中国的身影it's possible to see glimpses of a far older China每一个早晨Every morning人们汇聚到紫禁城附近的公园里people head to the parks around the Forbidden City延续一种保持了数个世纪的传统to continue a custom which is centuries old许多中国人把鸟儿当作自己的伙伴Many Chinese keep birds as companions尤其喜欢一种来自中国南方的画眉鸟specifically a type of laughing thrush from southern China养鸟的人知道把鸟关在笼子里But they know that cooped up indoors 鸟儿也许会变得消沉birds may become depressed因此他们试图让鸟儿们也高兴起来so they try to brighten their day通过让鸟儿们聚会的这种方式by meeting other birds北京的中心上演了出人意料的一幕This surprising scene in the heart of modern Beijing从中可以发掘到远古中国心灵的渴望is a clue to China's oldest spiritual ambition那就是——人与自然的和谐共存the harmonious coexistence of man and nature但是在1950年前But from the 1950s onwards这种古老的信仰被残酷的践踏this ancient belief was to be severely challenged外国的侵略势力对中国持续了近一个世纪的粗暴干涉After a century of humiliation and intervention并使中国蒙辱by foreign powers毛泽东追求重塑中国的尊严chairman Mao sought to rebuild China's dignity毛主席坚信自力更生Mao believed strongly in self-reliance 依靠丰富的自然资源来达成这一目标achieve through using all of nature's resources毛主席首先关心的是中国人的吃饭问题Mao's first concern was to feed the Chinese people将尽可能多的土地by turning as much land as possible转化为耕地over to grain production清除了非谷类作物destroying non-cereal crops并将成行的果树连根拔起and uprooting fruit trees in the process 一场歼灭麻雀的战役导致了恰恰相反的结果A campaign to eliminate crop-raiding sparrows backfired捕食昆虫的鸟竟然也成为了攻击对象when insect-eating birds were also targeted病虫害在所难免causing an increase in insect pests自力更生大炼钢铁的结果Efforts to make China self-reliant in steel导致了百分之十的森林被砍伐resulted in 10% of the country's forests being felled在熔炉中焚烧殆尽to feed the furnaces除四害大炼钢铁对中国的环境造成了巨大的影响This had a profound impact on China's environment其中有些影响一直持续至今with effects in some cases lasting until the present day毛主席关于农村的政策Mao's policy towards the countryside 一言以蔽之：has been described in the phrase "人定胜天""man must conquer nature"完全有别于古老观念中所述的quite different from the ancient concept人与自然和谐相处of harmonious co-existence with nature由于现代中国与外部世界的交流更加频繁As modern China engages with the outside world这种观点似乎占据了主导地位which of this attitude seems likely to prevail为了找到答案To find the answers我们的旅途将深入到中国的心脏地带we'll travel to far reaches of the heartland去了解一下哪儿的传统文化以及独特的生物to see how its traditional cultures and unique creatures在今天的处境are faring today北京一直以来都依赖着中国的北部平原Beijing has always depended on the North China Plain这块肥沃土地接近英国国土面积的两倍 a rich farm land twice the size of the UK北部平原的肥沃起源于更远的The fertility of this plain derives from further west西部的黄土高原from the Loess Plateau黄土高原的富矿土壤The mineral-rich soil of the Loess plateau难以置信的富饶is incredibly fertile人们已经在这儿生活了数千年People have lived here for thousands of years在软土中抠建而成了他们的住所hollowing their homes out of the soft soil窑洞也许缺乏北京一样的魅力The caves might lack glamour of Beijing对这儿的人们来说却是生活的一部分but people can survive here不但温暖而且安全warm, secure, but best of all最好的是能够吃得饱well fed作为耕作了数个世纪的结果As a result of centuries of farming大地被刻下了深深的印迹the landscape has become scarred密布着数千条被水冲蚀而成的沟渠with thousands of water-worn gullies 但是这种壮观的冲蚀结果But this spectacular erosion却带来了一个意想不到的好处has had an unexpected benefit席卷沟渠的水流The streams which drain the gullies 夹杂着肥沃的黄色土壤carry the fertile yellow soil流进了黄土高原的一条较大的河流里into the plateau's major river汉族人把这条河称为known to the Han people中华文明的母亲河as the mother of Chinese civilization 这就是——黄河This is the Yellow River每一年Each year黄河夹带着数十亿吨的泥沙the Yellow River carries billions of tons of sediment从黄土高原奔流而下from the Loess plateau往东流向中国心脏地带的耕地eastwards to the crop fields of the Chinese heartland历史上桀骜不驯的黄河Historically, the Chinese relationship with the river曾多次泛滥has been uneasy泥沙大量积聚在河床上Sediment, building up on the riverbed 导致了黄河周期性的溃堤has caused the Yellow River to burst its bank periodically释放了毁灭性的洪水unleashing devastating floods无情地吞没了数百万计的生命resulting in millions of deaths但却被水渠和堤坝所驯服But when tamed with dykes and channels黄河的丰饶孕育了一方水土the river's bounty is legendary即使如今Even today中国半数的小麦half of China's wheat来自黄河流域的漫滩comes from the Yellow River floodplain千百年来富含沉积物的黄河For thousands of years, the sediment-rich Yellow River支撑了中国心脏地区的繁荣has underpined the prosperity of the Chinese heartland但日益增长的生活与生产需求But increased demand for water by people and industry使得黄河水量骤减面临干涸的危机now threaten to run the river dry黄河河滩肥力的源头——And the source of its fertility黄土高原却依旧沉浸在危机之中the Loess Plateau is also under threat因耕作而日益Loosened by cultivation疏松的表土在不断流失its soft soil is blowing away中国北部平原忍受着沙尘暴的侵袭The North China Plain is choked with dust storms沙尘暴甚至逼近北京that even loom over Beijing以至于So much so中国政府不得不that the Chinese government将提高城市空气质量视为has made improving the city's air quality a priority举办奥运会前的整顿重头in the run up to the Beijing Olympics中国中部地区的生命支持系统问题重重Heartland China's life-support system is in trouble然而在一些地区yet, in a few places依旧存留着最后的处女地it's still possible to find landscapes that appear to have remained untouched在中国北方平原的南部边界At the southern edge of the North China Plain坐落着秦岭lie the Qinling Mountains1500公里的蜿蜒崎岖At 1500km long宛如横穿中国的脊梁they run like a backbone through the middle of China深山中隐藏着Deep within the mountains偏僻幽寂的山谷与森林is a maze of remote valleys and forests这里是那些神奇生命的乐土home to strange and wonderful creatures 这些金丝猴These are Golden Snub-nosed Monkeys 是中国的特色物种 a species unique to China他们通常“但闻其声不见其影”Seldom seen, they are frequently heard那独特的婴啼般的叫声和出众的外表Their strange child-like calls and extraordinary appearance成就了当地人有关may have inspired the local tales深山雪人的传说of yeti-like wild man of the mountain冬天气温降至-10°C As winter temperatures drop to -10°C他们浓密的毛发起到了保暖的作用their dense fur keeps them warm互相修理毛发不仅有助于保持Mutual grooming not only keeps that precious fur宝贵毛发的良好状态in good condition同时有助于增进成员间的关系but also helps to reinforce bonds within the troop在夏天,猴子成群活动In summer, the monkeys go around in huge bands但是在每年的艰苦时期but at this lean time of the year它们分裂成了更小的队伍搜寻食物they split up into smaller foraging parties 隆冬时期In the dead of winter猴子们被迫在石头中搜寻食物the monkeys are forced to rummage around the rocks只能找到很少的地衣和苔藓for a few meager morsels of lichen and moss随着猴子居住地方周围的世界As the world surrounding their mountain home充满城镇和农田的时候has filled up with towns and croplands西藏扁鼻猴的居住地the snub-nosed monkeys' habitat发生了显著的变化has changed dramatically现在,只剩下一万只猴子了Today, there are just 10 000 left in existence 对于住在秦岭的人来说To the people who live in the Qinling mountain森林和野生动物是能被利用的资源the forest and its wildlife are a resource to be used这些资源是人们生活的保障the basis of their livelihood那些人和更神秘的居民These people share the forest分享森林资源with an even more illusive inhabitant它们可能是中国最著名的动物It's probably China's most famous animal 但是很少人看到过它们but very few have ever seen it与猴子不同的是Unlike the monkeys这种生物有很独特的食性this cerature has a very specific diet竹子bamboo这是野生大熊满It's a wild Giant Panda由于对声音敏感Secret and sensitive to noise大熊猫经常离开the giant panda is often gone以免有任何东西靠近它before anyone going get close to it中国人认识熊猫已经很久了The panda has long been known in China 两千多年前的字典上边就提到过熊猫It was mentioned in dictionaries more than 2000 years ago据说御花园还曾经养过熊猫and the imperial garden is said to have housed one在茂密的竹林里In the dense bamboo of the forest熊猫很少见到同类one panda rarely sees another所以,它们通过特殊的气味联系Instead, they communicate by subtle scent signals熊猫身长1.5米,体重135千克At 1.5m long and 135 kilos, the giant panda 熊猫属于熊科is a member of the bear family但是那是这种分类方法But its bear-like digest system是按照食肉方法分的,不是按吃韧性纤维分的is built for eating meat, not this tough fibrous stuff更糟的是And to make matters worse竹叶冻住了the bamboo leaves are frozen solid但是熊猫发明了一个巧妙的方法But the panda has devised a cunning way来把冰弄掉of breaking the ice off它用鼻子把冰蹭掉It rubs the bamboo over its snout不像其他熊类Unlike other bears熊猫不能通过冬眠the panda can't fatten itself up and hibernate 来度过冬天through the winter竹子的能量很低Bamboo is so low in energy熊猫不得不把大量时间放在吃上that the panda must spend most of the day eating一旦一个地方的竹子吃完了Once it has exhausted one area熊猫必须继续前进到另一个地方it must move on to the next熊猫的爪子也与熊爪有很大的不同The panda's paw is surprisingly unbearlike too熊猫的爪子很灵活It's flexible熊猫腕骨很大,能准确地抓住with an enlarged wrist bone which allows it to grasp并灵活地控制竹子but maneuver the bamboo with dexterity and precision令猴子都羡慕that a monkey would be proud of把竹叶弄成雪茄形状Twisting the bamboo leaves into a cigar shape 便于它们咀嚼makes them easier to munch饥饿的熊猫曾流浪在Hungry pandas once roamed广阔丰饶的竹林当中across vast tracks of bamboo-rich forest这些竹林曾覆盖中国的中心地带that covered much of China's heartland但是自从20世纪50年代以后But since the 1950s伐木破坏了秦岭地区的山林logging has fragmented the Qinling mountain forests剩下的熊猫局限在Its remaining wild pandas are now confined 剩下的独立的地方生活within isolated reserves在过去的50年里In the last 50 years中国的中心地带受到已经沙漠化China's heartland has been subjected干涸的河流和被伐的森林to desertification, drying rivers and deforestation影响了人类和野生动物affecting not only people, but wildlife too中国人和周围的The relationship between the Chinese people 环境and their environment似乎失去了平衡appears bo be out of balance如果我们再深究一下but if we dig a little bit deeper就会发现即使在今天仍然有着there are some surprising and intimate connections令人惊奇的密切联系even today那些与自然联系的线索Clues to the nature of these links可以从日常生活中发现can be found in everyday life即使在中国首都的中心even in the centre of China's capital city在北京的公园里In the parks of Beijing鸳鸯时刻关注着自己的孩子mandarin ducks keep a close watch over their young中国人相信它们终生守候在一起Believed by the Chinese to pair for life几百年以来他们都被看做they have been seen for centuries as a symbol 爱与忠诚的象征of love and fidelity人们认为那些鸟儿的形象Images of these birds are believed可以增进人际关系to improve personal relationships因此As a result北京的鸳鸯得到了妥善的保护Beijing's mandarin ducks are highly protected 北京古老胡同的小巷The alleyways of the capitals's ancient hutongs是很多不同生物的家园are home to a very different kind of creature 每天,周国光都要Each day, Zhou Guoguang照料他那一窝鸽子tends his brood of pigeons这一两个小时他可以远离his chance to escape the pressures of city life 城市生活的压力for an hour or two在屋顶上Up here on the rooftops周国光相信他的鸽子能够被安全的照料Zhou is confident his charges will be safe但鸽子要是在下边的街上觅食but in the streets below就潜藏着被偷偷带走的危险lurk dangerous spirits that scavenge and steal 胡同的深处Deeper into the hutongs极少受到现代北京的影响the influence of modern Beijing recedes那些巷子充满了古老的传说These alleys are full of ancient beliefs夜幕降临As night falls藏在深处的动物开始活动了spirits emerge from their hiding places黄鼠狼The Yellow Weasel一些人认为Some people believe冒犯这些狡猾的肉食动物that offending this crafty predator能带来坏运气can bring bad luck所以对黄鼠狼晚上的活动so they turned a blind eye人们睁一只眼闭一只眼to the weasel's night-time marauding旧的观念Old beliefs连同逐渐增强的保护意识coupled with a rising awareness of conservation使得黄鼠狼are helping the yellow weasel's survive能在北京城生存in the middle of Beijing尽管人们还在猎杀残存的鸽子despite killing the odd pigeon在中国的南部In the south of China人与自然的关系似乎更加严峻the relationship with nature appears more brutal广东人因其食物多样性而闻名Cantonese cuisine is famous for its diversity 俗话说得好summed up in the saying“四条腿的唯桌子不吃”"we'll eat anything on 4 legs, except a table" 尽管中国政府取缔And though the government has banned猎食野生动物the consumption of wildlife in China这里的许多肉来自and most of the meat here人工饲养的动物comes from captive-bred animals但仍有相当数量的肉非法取自野生动物 a significant amount is taken illegally from the wild这家香港餐馆专供蛇肉This restaurant in Hongkong specializes in serpents大多数蛇是无毒的捕鼠蛇Most are harmless rat snakes但菜单上也有罕见的眼镜蛇but with the odd cobra on the menu一失足就可能招致麻烦one false move could spell trouble曹凯玲数不清有多少次Chau Ka-Ling has lost count of the number of times被蛇咬过了she's been bitten所以她总是带着中草药so she always carries a Chinese herbal remedy 以防万一just in case选择这种奇怪的食物We might turn our noses up我们可以嗤之以鼻at such a strange choice of food但是吃蛇肉不仅仅是品尝but eating snakes is more than just a matter of taste广东人相信吃蛇肉可以净化血液the Cantonese believe it can help to clean the blood增强活力increase vitality美化皮肤and beautify the skin在这样拥挤的地方In such a crowded land用很少的消耗遍吃百物的传统 a tradition of eating everything with very little waste可能被看做值得称赞的节俭could be seen as commendable thrift问题是中国南方有这么多人The problem is that there are so many people 在食用野生动物eating wild food in south China非法食物供应链that the illegal supply chain一直延伸并超越了国界stretches well beyond its borders使得野生动物消失contributing to the disappearance of wildlife不仅在中国境内not only within China而且也包括其他国家but from other countries too拜访一家中药店 A visit to a traditional Chinese medicine shop 会发现动植物另一方面的作用reveals another aspect of the use of animals and plants宋医生行医20多年了Dr. Song has been practicing for over 20 years他最重要的诊断方法是The most important part of his diagnosis is the pulse在不同部位号脉examined in several places宋医生也观察舌头和眼睛的颜色Dr. also observes the color of the tongue and eyes并询问病人的味觉and asks questions about the patient's taste嗅觉甚至是梦smell and even dreams一旦确诊Once satisfied with his diagnosis他就用大夫独特的笔迹he'll write a prescription开出药方using a script unique to doctors中国传统医学Chinese traditional medicine大量使用了难以置信的动植物和矿物uses an incredible array of animals, vegetables and minerals区别对待不同病人而不是疾病to treat the individual rather than the illness旨在恢复体内两种不同力量的平衡aiming to restore the harmony of opposing使其均衡互补but complementary forces中国称之为“阴阳”known in China as "yin and yang"中国人相信天地万物是和谐的The concept is rooted in the ancient belief这种观念根深蒂固that the universe is harmonious人们也相信自己与环境紧密联系着and that the people are intimately connected to 并被环境所影响and affected by their environment尽管表面上看起来药物的成分由奇形怪状的生物所组成Despite the seemingly bizarre nature of the ingredients但是几千年来Chinese traditional medicine中国传统医学has been successfully treating people成功诊治了无数人for thousands of years尽管中国已经取缔But although the use of endangered wildlife ingredients使用濒危野生动植物入药in medicine is now banned in China一些动植物现在仍然被非法使用some wild animals and plants are still used illegally大自然再一次承受了损失once again, nature bears the cost但是中国传统在其他方面上也有借鉴But Chinese tradition has borrowed from nature比如那些丝毫未被开发利用的领域in other ways which are not in the least exploitative在中国古代哲学里In ancient Chinese philosophy男人被认为是自然世界的一部分man was considered part of the natural world 受益于自然界的智慧and able to benefit from its wisdom几千年前Thousands of years ago少林寺的和尚buddhist monks on sacred shaolin mountain圣地少室山上的佛教弟子buddhist monks on sacred Shaolin Mountain把对野生动物的观察incorporated their observations of wild creatures系统化为锻炼的套路into a system of exercises来凝神理气强身健体to help the flow of energy and build strength这种从动物中得到启示的艺术形式This animal-inspired art-form形成了“功夫”became kung fu如今古老的少室山Today, ancient Shaolin Mountain功夫的起源地the place where kung fu began仍保留着它起初的练武场remains its prime training center释延亭是这里的教练Shi Yanting is a master全国各地的学生都来此学习Students from all over the country come here to learn源于自然的传统知识the ancient knowledge derived from the natural world如今的重点The emphasis today也许更倾向于强健体魄is perhaps more on the physical而不是功夫所蕴含的rather than the philosophical elements哲学内涵that underlie kungfu但这仍是对功夫意义重大的复兴but it's a significant re-awakening这个7岁大的孩子This seven-year-old正在练习刚猛的拳法is perfecting the devastating punch螳螂拳of the praying mantis经过糅合和完善When combined and perfected这些动物的招式these animal forms如螳螂such as mantis猿猴和鹤monkey and crane形成了无坚不摧的力量become an unstoppable force中国古代哲学认为自然Ancient Chinese philosophy took nature itself 孕育了大多数的珍奇生物as the inspiration for its most fabulous creature 富饶的河流也许形成了这里的文明Fertile rivers may have shaped this civilization 但中国人认为but the Chinese believed河流本身则是由一种动物形成和掌管的that the rivers themselves were formed and controlled龙by a dragon与西方暴虐的龙不同Unlike the destructive dragon of the west中国的龙是仁慈行善的the Chinese dragon was benevolent受人尊敬provided it was treated with respect古代中国人称自己为The ancient Chinese called themselves龙的传人descendants of the dragon并认识到他们需要和谐地生活在and knew they needed to live harmoniously龙的国度中in the dragon's realm这种对龙的尊敬This respect for the dragon影响到了has relevance today如今生活在中国另一条伟大河流for a remarkable creature which lives around扬子江的周围稻田中的the paddy fields of China's other great river奇特生物the Yangtze这种面目吓人的动物This fearsome-looking beast就是扬子鳄is a Chinese alligator也叫土龙known as the Muddy Dragon尽管和传说中的龙有关系Despite its association with the mythical Chinese dragon这种爬行动物一直以来却被村民看做是the reptile has long been regarded by country people吃鱼的祸害as a fish-eating pest并一直被捕杀and has been persecuted几乎到了灭绝的边缘almost to the point of extinction现在只有大约150只扬子鳄There are only around 150 Chinese alligators 生存于野生环境中left in the wild多亏像老农常金荣这样and it's mainly down to the care and protection 致力于此的人们的offered by dedicated people like retired farmer 关心和保护Chang Jinrong他们才得以幸存that any survive at all现如今大多数扬子鳄生活在豢养环境中Today, most Chinese alligators live in captivity在宣城附近的繁殖研究中心At this breeding center near Xuancheng扬子鳄由于他们独特的求爱方式而聚集在一起Chinese alligators gather for their extraordinary courtship雄性发出吼声以吸引异性The males bellow to attract a mate声音在水中向四周传播As it travels through the water可以被雌性听到和感觉到the sound is both heard and felt by the female 吼声The bellowing是她挑选配偶的依据is her cue to investigate在不为人知的扬子鳄的世界里In the alien world of the Chinese alligator他们两个可以通过爪下腺体的气味these two will be able to learn much about each other进一步地了解彼此using the scent glands under their jaws对选择的雄性满意后Satisfied with her choice他们会在交配之前游开the two swim off together before mating土龙的幸存归功于The muddy dragon owes its continued survival 25年前由政府策划的to a government initiative a quarter of a century ago宣城封闭繁育研究中心which created the captive breeding center的建立at Xuancheng经过深入研究发现Having dug a little deeper对自然的古老信仰it does seem that ancient beliefs about nature似乎在当代中国仍有共鸣still have resonance in modern China沿着扬子江的Far upstream山中的支流逆流而上along one of the Yangtze's mountain tributaries 另一个宏伟的自然保护工程another ambitious conservation project正试图拯救中国最著名的生物is attempting to save China's most famous creature中国第一个封闭的大熊猫繁育中心China's first captive breeding center for the giant panda始建于1983年opened in 1983这里是卧龙保护区This is Wolong Reserve与野生熊猫居住的竹林 a far cry from the bamboo forests相差甚远where wild pandas live每年春天Every spring雌雄熊猫被运到这里male and female pandas are ferried around the site希望in the hope可以引导他们进行交配that introductions will lead to romance科学家们Scientists一直在努力促使大熊猫have been trying to encourage the pandas自然交配to breed naturally但却很难成功but it's difficult to the get the conditions right因为几乎没人看到过since few people have ever seen大熊猫是如何在野生环境中求爱的how panda courtship happens in the wild同时Meanwhile人工授精artificial insemination已被证获得巨大成功has proved highly successful由于仅仅5周大At just five weeks old这个熊猫宝宝需要24小时的看护this baby needs 24-hour care熊猫宝宝太珍贵了It's simply too precious to be entrusted以至于不敢让它那to its natural mother没有抚育经验的父母抚养who may have little experience of parenthood熊猫长出牙齿After initial teething problems标志着卧龙的人工授精工程Wolong's artificial insemination program获得了巨大的成功has been remarkably successful2006年In 2006保护区哺育了16只大熊猫幼仔the reserve reared 16 cubs如今卧龙抚养着更多的熊猫宝宝and there're now more captive bred pandas at Wolong他们会被安全地放生到and can be safely released back正在缩减的野生环境中去into the shrinking wild habitat自然条件下In nature大熊猫跟随母亲学习生存技巧giant pandas learn survival skills from their mother却很少与其他熊猫接触but have little contact with other pandas这些幼年的熊猫社交能力可能很强These youngsters may have exceptional social skills但对于野外生存却是一无所知but they wouldn't have a clue how to survive in the wild他们绝大多数All the majority未来会动物园中度过their future lies in zoos这样封闭的While the ultimate value繁育工程的最终价值尚未定论of captive breeding projects like this is debatable 但在中国有些地方there are places in China在野生环境中保护动物where animals are being successfully protected已获得成功in their wild habitat在秦岭山顶Right at the top of the Qinling Mountains居住着一种珍稀动物lives a rare and mysterious creature关于他们的传说可以追溯到古希腊那个时代that has inspired legends as far away as ancient Greece这就是金羊毛的最初拥有者The size of a buffalo and with a temper to match有着水牛般体型和好斗本性的this is the original owner of the Golden Fleece秦岭羚牛the Golden Takin秦岭羚牛在繁殖季节Golden takin make their way to the top of the mountains会向山顶迁徙for the breeding season这是雄性向雌性展示他们勇气的机会It's an opportunity for the males to prove their mettle他们凶猛而且好斗They are formidable and aggressive creatures得胜之后Now victorious雄性就可以与雌性亲近this male will have access to the females尽管居住于高山之巅Despite living high on the mountains秦岭羚牛却曾因肉质鲜美而被捕杀得golden takin were once hunted to near extinction几近灭绝for their meat为了呼应中国古典法则In a return to the laws of ancient China如今政府已经明令禁止偷猎there is now a government ban on poaching羚牛也被保护了起来and the takin is officially protected很明显中国对自然的态度Attitudes towards nature in China复杂而又深受传统影响are clearly complex and rooted in tradition在秦岭有一个传说And in the Qinling Mountains there is one story展现了传统的巨大价值与作业that shows just how valuable these traditions can be每天早晨Every morning一群朱鹮飞离 a flock of crested ibis leave它们在洋县的村落附近的鸟巢their roost close to the village of Yangxian去觅食in search of food一般而言鸟儿的飞离Traditionally,the birds' departure标志着农民新一天的开始marked the start of the farmers' day朱鹮依靠湿地生活Crested ibises need wetlands for feeding而稻田正是觅食的鳝鱼青蛙和蜗牛的and rice paddys are the perfect place to hunt for理想之地eels, frogs and snails鸟儿和农民The birds and farmers在此已共同生活了几千年had probably coexisted here for thousands of years 直到20世纪until the 20th century在中国的许多地方when in many parts of China稻谷被有利可图的小麦取代rice was replaced by more profitable wheat production朱鹮的数量锐减Crested ibis numbers rapidly declined有一个时期At one point甚至认为他们已经灭绝了they were even believed to be extinct直到1981年Then, in 1981地球上最后7只朱鹮the last seven crested ibises on Earth在这里被发现were found here中国政府出面The Chinese government stepped in着手保护protecting the rice paddies朱鹮赖以存活的稻田so the birds could continue to feed和周围的树林and safeguarding neighboring trees使他们得以繁衍to enable them to breed朱鹮被从灭绝的边缘拯救了过来Rescued from the brink of extinction如今有500多只there are now 500 crested ibis居住在洋县周围living around Yangxian town在现代中国In modern China保护自然再度受到重视room is being made for nature once again但中华大地的美丽之处But the appreciation of nature in China并不仅限于令人印象深刻的动物和多彩的鸟儿isn't confined to impressive animals or colorful birds山中的美景Mountain landscapes也令中国历史上许多的画家have held a fascination for Chinese artists和诗人沉醉其中and poets throughout history山还具有宗教意义Mountains also have religious significance它是连接凡界和天堂的桥梁as places that linked earth with the heavens最神圣的山之一One of the most sacred of all就是这里——峨眉山is here at Mount Emei这个有2000多年的古刹的地方the site of 2,000-year-old Buddhist temple中国有世界上最多的佛教徒China today has the world's largest Buddhist population这些古老而神圣的地方备受珍视These old sacred sites are highly cherished每年有大约200万人来峨眉游玩nearly 2 million people visit Mount Emei each year。
Wild China1-12美丽中国中英文字幕
Beneath billowing clouds, 在翻騰的雲霧之下 3 in China's far southwestern Yunnan province, 處在中國西南邊境的雲南省 4 lies a place of mystery and legend. 是個充滿神秘與傳奇的地方 5 Of mighty rivers and some of the oldest jungles in the world. 這裏有浩瀚的河川及世上年代最悠久的森林 6 Here, hidden valleys nurture strange and unique creatures, 隱密的溪谷培育出不可思議及罕見珍奇的生物7 and colorful tribal cultures. 和多采多姿的民族文化8 Jungles are rarely found this far north of the tropics. 離熱帶地區這麼遠的北邊森林是很罕見的景觀9 So, why do they thrive here? 那麼此區為何會有茂盛的森林？10 And how has this rugged landscape come to harbor the greatest natural wealth in all China? 這麼惡劣的地理環境是如何庇護全中國最重要的自然資源？14 In the remote southwest corner of China, 在中國西南方的偏僻角落一個慶典即將舉行15 a celebration is about to take place. 16 Dai people collect water for the most important festival of their year. 傣人為他們一年中最重要的節慶取水17 The Dai call themselves the people of the water. 傣族人自稱為水鄉之人18 Yunnan's river valleys have been their home for over 2,000 years. 兩千多年來他們一直以雲南的河谷為家19 By bringing the river water to the temple, 他們將河水帶到佛寺20 they honor the two things holiest to them -以河水浴佛來體現他們認為最神聖的兩件事21 Buddhism and their home. 佛教與家庭23 The Dai give thanks for the rivers and fertile lands which have nurtured their culture. 傣族以此敬謝河川與良地豐富了他們的文化與生活25 Though to some it might seem just an excuse for the biggest water fight of all time. 也許對某些人來說這個潑水儀式只是藉口讓他們打場最過癮的水戰27 Dai lives are changing as towns get bigger and modernize 由於城鎮的擴大及都市化傣族的生活形態正逐漸改變28 but the Water Splashing Festivals still celebrated by all. 但大家仍會慶祝潑水節29 The rivers which lie at the heart of Dai life and culture 河川深深影響傣族的生活和文化30 flow from the distant mountains of Tibet, 河流源自遙遠的西藏高山31 southward through central Yunnan in great parallel gorges. 往南流經雲南中部穿越重重的巨大峽谷32 The Dai now live in the borders of tropical Vietnam and Laos, 如今傣族居住在鄰近越南與泰國的熱帶地區33 but their legends tell of how their ancestors came here 但他們的傳奇故事敍述了祖先如何沿著河流34 by following the rivers from mountain land sin the cold far north. 從遙遠寒冷的北方高地來到這裏35 Lying at the far eastern end of the Himalayas, 橫斷山脈位於喜瑪拉雅山最東邊36 the Hengduan mountains form Yunnan's northern border with Tibet. 是雲南北方與西藏的邊界37 Kawakarpo, crown of the Hengduan range,is a site of holy pilgrimage. 橫斷山脈的頂峰卡瓦格博雪山是朝聖的聖地38 Yet, its formidable peak remains unconquered. 然而它令人畏懼的山頂至今無人能征服39 Yunnan's mountains are remote,rugged and inaccessible. 雲南群山偏僻、崎嶇，人類很難接近40 Here the air is thin and temperatures can drop below minus 40 degrees. 這裏的空氣稀薄溫度能降到零下40度42 This is home to an animal that's found nowhere else on Earth. 但地球上有某種動物卻只生活在這裏43 The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey.雲南金絲猴44 It's found only in these few isolated mountain forests. 它們只在這些孤立的山林出沒45 No other primate lives at such high altitudes. 沒有其他的靈長類動物能居住在這麼高的海拔46 but these are true specialists.它們是真正的專家47 These ancient mountain dwellers have inspired legends.這些古老的山居動物造就許多傳奇故事48 Local Lisu people consider them their ancestors, 俚索族視它們為自己的祖先50 calling them "the wild men of the mountains".稱它們為山中野人51 During heavy snowfalls,even these specialists cannot feed.遇上大雪時期就連這些森林專家也無法覓食52 It seems a strange place for a monkey.這對猴子來說似乎是個奇怪的居住地53 Between snows, the monkeys waste no time in their search for food.雪一停歇，這些猴子立刻把握時間去尋找食物54 At this altitude,there are few fruits or tender leaves to eat. 在這高度很少有果子及嫩葉可吃56 90% of their diet is made up of the fine dry wisps of a curious organism. 它們九成的食物來自一種很像束狀乾草的奇怪有機物體58 Half fungus, half plant -it's lichen. 半菌半植物的地衣59 How have monkeys,normally associated with lowland jungle, 按理該住在低地森林的猴子60 come to live such are mote mountain existence? 怎麼會跑來住在偏遠的山區？61 This is not the only remarkable animal found within these isolated high peaks. 在這些孤絕的高峰之中還有更多奇特的動物62 A Chinese red panda. 一隻中國紅色熊貓63 Solitary and quiet, it spends much of its time in the tree tops. 生性安靜獨居大部份的時間都在樹上64 Despite its name, 不管其名65 the red panda is only a very distant relative of the giant panda. 紅色熊貓只是大熊貓的遠親66 It's actually more closely related to a skunk. 它跟臭鼬反而有較近的血緣關係67 But it does share the giant panda's taste for bamboo. 但它確實跟大熊貓一樣喜歡吃竹葉68 Southwest China's red pandas are known for their very strong facial markings 中國西南方的紅色熊貓以明顯的臉部斑紋聞名69 which distinguish them from red pandas found anywhere else in the Himalayas. 這和其他生活在喜馬拉雅山的紅色熊貓大不相同70 Like the monkeys, they were isolated in these high forests 就像金絲猴一樣它們也被孤立在這些高海拔森林71 when the mountains quite literally rose beneath them 這是因為近代地質史上的造山運動72 in the greatest mountain-building event in recent geological history. 將它們腳下的山地整個托起拔高73 Over the last 30 million years, 在過去三千萬年74 the Indian subcontinent has been pushing northwards into Eurasia. 印度板塊一直向北推擠歐亞大陸板塊75 On the border between India and Tibet 位於西藏與印度邊界的岩石76 the rocks have been raised eight kilometers above sea level, 已經被推升到高達海平面8公里77 creating the world's highest mountain range, the Himalayas. 造就出世上最高的喜馬拉雅山脈78 But to the east, 但往東方看去79 the rocks have buckled into a series of steep north-south ridges, 連綿的山岩形成南北向的懸崖峭壁80 cutting down through the heart of Yunnan, 直接深入雲南中心81 the parallel mountains of the Hengduan Shan. 平行的橫斷山脈82 These natural barriers serve to isolate Yunnan's plants and animals 這些天然屏障阻絕了雲南境內的動植物互通有無83 in each adjacent valley. 每個山谷幾乎都自成一區84 While the huge temperature range between the snowy peaks 這裏的溫差很大，上面是積雪的山峰85 and the warmer slopes below 下方是溫暖的緩坡86 provides a vast array of conditions for life to thrive. 氣候的多元性讓各種生命得以欣欣向榮87 Through spring, 整個春季88 the Hengduan slopes stage one of China's greatest natural spectacles. 橫斷山脈的山坡呈現中國最壯觀的自然風光89 The forests here are among the most diverse botanical areas in the world. 這裏的森林蘊藏全世界最豐富的植物品種90 Over 18,000 plant species grow here, 1萬8千多種植物有3千種是其他地區沒有的91 of which 3,000 are found nowhere else. 92 Until little more than a century ago,this place was unknown outside China.還不到一百年前這裏是不為外界所知的93 But then news reached the West但後來消息傳到西方94 of a mysterious, hidden world of the orient.原來東方還有這麼一個神秘、不為人知的世界95 Hidden among the mountains,a lost Shangri-la paradise.隱藏在群山中的世外桃源96 Western high society, in the grip of a gardening craze,西方上流社會的園藝熱潮97 was eager for exotic species from faraway places.讓他們渴望遙遠國度的奇花異草98 This gave rise to a new breed of celebrity adventurers,引領新一代的名人探險風99 intrepid botanist-explorers known as "the Plant Hunters".大膽的植物學家勘探者亦稱為植物獵人100 Yunnan became their Holy Grail.雲南成了他們的聖杯101 Indiana Jones The most famous was Joseph Rock,a real life Indiana Jones.最出名的是喬瑟夫拉克現實生活中的印第安那鐘斯102 Remarkable film footage captured his entourage on a series of expeditions, 卓越的記錄片記錄他和同伴一系列的遠征104 as they pushed into the deepest corners of Yunnan. 進入雲南最深的角落105 In glorious color he recorded the plant life he found 他用特別照相玻璃板106 on special photographic glass plates. 記錄五彩繽紛的植物107 Sending thousands of specimens back to the West, 把數千種樣本送回西方108 the Plant Hunters changed the gardens of the world forever. 植物獵人一舉改變了世界的花園109 Rock's success was born of a massive effort. 拉克的成功來自他的努力以赴110 For, to find his Shangri-la, 為了找到香格里拉111 not only had he to travers eendless mountain ranges, 他不只橫越數不清的山脈112 but some of the deepest gorges in the world. 還跨越一些世上最深的峽谷113 The Nujiang is called The Angry River. 怒江被稱之為忿怒的河流114 This 300-kilometre stretch of raging rapids 這條300公里的湍急河流115 is as much a barrier to life as are the mountains above. 如上述的山脈一樣成為許多生物的屏障116 WAVES CRASH 117 But the plant hunters weren't the first people to travel here. 但是植物獵人不是最早到此地的人118 Along the Nujiang,沿著怒江119 less than 30 rope crossings allow locals passage across the torrents.會發現不到30條的繩子吊索讓當地人渡過洪流120 Tiny hamlets cling to the slopes.小小村莊緊帖著山坡地121 This morning, it's market day,今早是市集日122 drawing people from up and down the valley.山坡上下的居民紛紛出門123 PIG OINKS 124 GOAT BLEATS 125 Hanging from simple rope slings,吊在吊索上126 people have been using the crossings for many hundreds of years. 這已是人們幾百年渡江的老辦法127 In such narrow, precipitous gorges在這麼狹窄的險峻峭壁128 it's by far the easiest way to get around.這是最容易的交通方式129 Once across, the steep sides mean it's still a hike.一旦渡過陡峭的山坡意味著還有一段徒步130 Many trek for hours by foot before they get to the market. 許多人要徒步幾個小時才到市場131 The immense valley is home to over a dozen ethnic groups. 這無邊無際的山谷聚集超過12個少數民族132 Some, like the Nu people,are found only here.像怒族就只生活在此區133 The markets bring the mountain tribes together.市集讓山上的族群聚在一起134 To continue his expeditions, 為了繼續探險135 Rock had to get his entire entourage across the giant Yunnan rivers. 拉克必須讓全隊通過浩瀚的雲南大河136 He commissioned especially thick ropes made from forest rattan 他以樹藤做的粗繩為輔137 and filmed the entire event. 並拍攝整個過程138 With yak butter to smooth the ride,40 men and 15 mules made the journey. 利用犛牛油使過程平順40個人及15只騾上路了139 Not all made it across. 並不是每個人都過140 On the far side of the great Nujiang gorge, 在怒江峽谷遙遠的另一邊141 the Plant Hunters made a remarkable discovery. 植物獵人有個很棒的發現142 Far from thetropics, 雖然遠離熱帶143 they seemed to be entering a steamy,vibrant tropical jungle, 他們似乎進入了充滿蒸氣與生氣的熱帶雨林144 the forest of Gaoligongshan. 高黎貢山的森林145 The flora here is unlike anywhere else in the world. 這裏的植物不像世界其他地方146 Next to subtropical species,alpine plants grow in giant form. 緊臨亞熱帶植物的是生長茂盛的高山區植物147 Crowning the canopy, rhododendrons,up to 30 meters high. 萬綠森中點點紅那是高達30公尺的杜鵑花148 In April and May, their flowers turn the forests ruby red, 杜鵑花在4、5月染紅翠綠的森林149 attracting bird species found only here. 150 吸引只在此地生長的鳥類151 Constant moisture in the air means that the branches are laden with flowering epiphytes, 空氣中充滿了濕氣152 樹枝開滿美麗的花朵153 fiercely guarded by tiny sun birds,unique to these valleys. 山谷有種獨特的小太陽鳥極力保護這些花森154 Nectar feeders, these are the hummingbirds of the Old World tropics. 它們採集花蜜155 這些蜂鳥穿梭在東方世界的熱帶地區156 The forests of Gaoligongshan are home to some of China's rarest wildlife. 高黎貢山的森林有許多中國最罕見的珍禽異獸157 This is a female Temminck's Tragopan. 這是母的紅腹角雉158 She has a colorful male admirer. 它的愛慕者鮮豔奪目159 He's hoping to woo her with his peculiar peekaboo display 希望以獨特的偷窺方式贏得佳人芳心160 but she's not about to be rushed. 但母雉不急著表態161 His colorful skin wattle reflects more light than feathers do. 公雉鮮豔的肉垂比羽毛還亮眼162 To her, this is like a neon sign. 對母雉來說就像個霓虹燈163 Seeing his chance,the male makes his move. 公雉看到機會馬上行動164 Constant moisture in the Gaoligongshan forests 高黎貢山森林的濕氣165 means that throughout the year there are always fruits on the trees. 讓樹木終年結實累累166 Such abundance of food encourages a high diversity of fruit eaters 167 豐沛的食物遠勝於一般熱帶林地168 more commonly found in the tropics. 所以也聚集各式各樣的食果動物169 The black giant squirrel is found only in undisturbed rain forest. 巨松鼠只生活在這片原始的雨林170 At close to a metre in length, it' sone of the world's largest squirrels. 它長達1尺171 是世上最大的松鼠172 The mystery is that these forests are growing well outside the tropics. 奇怪的是這些森林竟在熱帶地區以外茂盛生長173 By rights, none of this jungle,or its animals, should be here. 按理說這些森林和動物不應該在此174 These are bear macaques. 這是熊猴175 They're found only in tropical and sub-tropical jungle. 只居住在熱帶及亞熱帶森林176 With a tiny home range of just a few square kilometers, 生活範圍只有幾平方公里177 they depend on the abundant fruit 它們需要進食大量果子178 that only true rain forests can provide all year round. 只有真正的雨林才能終年提供如此數量179 To the European plant hunters, 對於歐洲的植物獵人來說這些北方的雨林180 these northern rain forests must have seemed a fantastic and mysterious lost world. 181 簡直就像奇幻神秘的遺忘世界182 Yet, when they came here, they would have found beautifully constructed ancient stone pathways 但當他們到此183 卻發現精心鋪設的古老石路184 on which the forest could be explored. 已經伸入森林之中185 Winding westwards into the hills, 蜿蜒通往西邊山坡186 these were once some of the most important highways in Asia, 這曾經是亞洲最重要的公路187 the southwestern tea and silk road. 西南方的茶與絲路188 Built thousands of years ago, 這條西南茶絲之路建於幾千年前189 the southwestern tea and silk road gave access to the world beyond China's borders, 190 連接中國和境外的世界191 carrying tradesmen and travelers fromas far away as Rome. 帶來遠自羅馬的商人及旅客192 Wars were fought over access to this tiny path, 過去為了爭奪這條小路引發不少戰爭193 the only sure route in or out of China, 畢竟這是唯一得以進出中國194 that was guaranteed to be clear of snow all year round. 又保證終年無雪的通道195 So, what causes Gaoligongshan's strange and remarkable climate? 是什麼造成高黎貢山奇怪又獨特的氣候？196 In late May, gusts of wind arrive, 5月下旬的強勁季風197 bringing with them the key to Gaoligongshan's mystery. 足以解開高黎貢山的神秘面紗198 The winds are hot and saturated with water. 風很熱而且充滿了水份199 They come all the way from the Indian Ocean. 一路從印度洋吹來200 Channeled by Yunnan's unique geography, 因雲南獨特的縱谷地形201 they bring with them the moisture of the tropical monsoon. 帶來熱帶梅雨季節的濕氣202 The giant river valleys,created millions of years ago, 幾百萬年前形成的高山縱穀203 act like immense funnels. 就像是巨大的漏斗204 The gorges are so deep and narrow, 這些溪穀又深又窄205 that the moist warm air is driven right up into the north of Yunnan. 促使濕暖空氣直接進入雲南北部206 The result is rain, in torrents! 結果是大雨如注！207 Four months of daily rainstorms sustain luxuriant vegetation. 連續4個月的暴雨讓植物茂盛生長208 The arrival of the monsoon 梅雨季節的來臨喚醒209 awakens one of the forest's most extraordinary moisture-loving inhabitants. 森林中最愛濕氣的動物210 The crocodile newt is one of the most unusual of the many amphibian species found here. 鱷魚蠑是一種兩棲動物211 也是其他地方找不到的奇特生物212 As the rains arrive,they emerge to mate. 當梅雨降臨，蠑螈開始交配213 The newts are said to leave an odour trail that potential mates can follow. 據說它們會留下氣味蹤跡214 讓未來的伴侶得以尋跡而至215 The crocodile newt gets its name from the bumps along its back. 鱷魚蠑因背部的突起而得名216 These are its defense. 那是它的防禦系統217 If grabbed by a potential predator, 如果被潛伏的食肉動物抓住218 the tips of its ribs squeeze a deadly poison from the bumps. 肋骨的尖端就會從凸塊釋放致命毒液219 The deluge wakes another forest inhabitant. 洪水喚醒另一個森林居住者220 This one is particularly astounding in its vigor! 它有特別驚人的活力！221 It can grow up to a meter day, 一天能長1公尺222 fast overtaking the other plants around it. 很快就追上周遭的植物223 The taller it grows,the faster its growth rate, 它長得越高，生長速度就越快224 so that in a matter of days it towers above the undergrowth, 所以一天之內就比矮樹森高225 and continues reaching for the sky. 繼續朝天空發展226 Not bad for what is essentially a grass. 對禾本科植物來說這樣的速度還不賴227 It's bamboo. 這就是竹子！228 Given the chance, 如果有機會竹子會發展成很大的林子229 bamboo will create immense forests,dominating entire areas. 230 佔領整個區域231 Bamboo forests occur across southwest China, 竹林主要生長在中國西南方232 all the way to Shanghai. 一直到上海233 But probably the highest diversity of bamboos in the world 但世界上竹子種類最多的地方234 is found on the hills and valleys of Yunnan. 還是在雲南的山谷235 Though incredibly strong,bamboos have hollow stems, 雖然竹子很堅韌，但中心是空的236 a perfect shelter for any creatures which can find a way in. 對任何能找到方法進入的生物是最佳的庇護所237 This entrance hole was made by a beetle 入口是被甲蟲弄的238 but it's being used by a very different animal. 但卻被完全不同的動物所使用239 A bamboo bat. 竹蝙蝠！240 The size of a bumblebee, it's one of the tiniest mammals inthe world. 如蜜蜂的大小241 是世上最小的哺乳動物242 The entire colony, up to 25 bats, 整群可住到25只243 fits into a single section of bamboo stem, smaller than a tea cup. 通通擠入一段竹節裏244 比茶杯小245 It's quite a squeeze! 還蠻會擠的！246 Half the colony are babies. 一半都是幼獸247 Though barely a week old, they are already almost as big as their mums. 雖然只有一個星期大248 它們已經跟媽媽一樣大249 Feeding such a fast-growing brood is hard work. 養一窩生長如此迅速的孩子實在很辛苦250 The mums leave to hunt just after dusk each night. 蝙蝠媽媽每天傍晚後出去獵食251 Back in the roost,the young are left on their own. 寶寶被留在竹節的窩巢裏252 Special pads on their wings help them to grip on the bamboo walls -翅膀上的肉趾幫助它們緊緊抓住竹壁253 most of the time. 但偶爾還是會失足254 The young bats use the extra space to prepare for a life on the wing 幼蝙蝠利用多餘的空間255 用喙理毛及伸展它們的翅膀為飛行做準備256 by preening and stretching. 257 Packed in like sardines, they would make an easy target for a snake. 它們擠得像沙丁魚258 很容易成為蛇類覬覦的目標259 But the snake has no chance of getting in. 但是蛇沒機會進入260 The entrance is thinner than the width of a pencil. 入口的大小比鉛筆還細261 When the mothers return, 當母蝙蝠回巢後262 they can push through the narrow entrance only because of their unusually flattened skulls. 它們能擠過那窄小的門263 因為它們有特殊的扁骨架264 But it's still a squeeze. 但還是需要擠一下265 Bamboos are exploited in a very different way by another forest dweller. 另外一群森林居民266 以不同方式善用竹林267 Fresh bamboo shoots are an important forest crop. 新鮮竹筍是森林重要產物268 Ai Lao Xiang is of the Hani tribe, 謝阿泰來自梅山的哈尼族269 from the mountain village of Mengsong. 270 Roasted, the tender shoots he gathers will make a tasty dish. 採集的竹筍在烤過會很好吃271 The Hani have many uses for the different bamboos they grow and find in the forest around. 哈尼族懂得物盡其用272 對野生和自種的竹有不同的處置273 Though flexible enough to be woven, 雖然竹子柔軟到可以編織274 bamboo has a higher tensile strength than steel. 但它比鐵有更強的韌性275 Succulent when young, 幼筍鮮美多汁成熟的竹子牢固耐用276 in maturity it's tough and durable,ideal for making a table 277 做成桌子最理想了278 and strong enough for a pipe to last a lifetime. 279 做出煙管一輩子也不會壞280 The people of southwest China 中國西南方的人們發明許多非凡的方法281 have found an extraordinary number of ways to exploit this most versatile of plants. 282 來利用這多用途的植物283 THEY SPEAK IN NATIVE LANGUAGE 284 Part of bamboo's phenomenal success 竹子這麼厲害有部份原因是285 is that it's so tough that few animals can tackle it. 很少動物能突破它的堅韌286 Yet, bamboo does come under attack. 但是竹子還是會被攻擊287 A bamboo rat. 竹鼠288 Feeding almost exclusively on bamboo, 專門吃竹子289 they live their entire lives in tunnels beneath the forest. 它們一生都住在森林底下的隧道290 The thinner species of bamboo are easy to attack and pull below. 越細小的竹科越容易被攻擊然後被拉到地下291 She has a fantastic sense of smell 它的嗅覺非常靈敏292 and can sniff out the fresh growth through the soil. 能在土裏嗅出新生竹293 Bamboo spreads along underground stems. 竹子是由地底紮根而生294 By following these, new shoots are found. 隨根部就能找到新生筍295 Once a shoot is detected, 一旦筍子被發現296 she snips it free and drag sit down into her burrow. 它馬上咬斷拖到洞穴裏297 This female has a family. 這只母鼠有家累298 At just a few weeks old, 只有幾個禮拜大299 the youngsters can already tacklethe hardest bamboo stems 這些幼鼠已經能應付最硬的竹莖300 and are eager to try. 還很樂意去試301 Bamboo's tough reputation is such, 竹子以過人的韌性聞名另一位專家因為能啃食竹子302 that another bamboo specialist was known by the Chinese as,"The Iron Eating Animal". 303 被中國人稱為食鐵動物304 The giant panda is famous for its exclusive diet. 大熊貓是以專吃竹子而出名的305 Giant pandas are thought to have originated in southwest China, millions of years ago, 據說幾百萬年前306 起源于中國西南方307 but they are no longer found in Yunnan. 但如今在雲南已經找不到了308 Recently, their specialized diet has had dire consequences. 最近它們偏愛的食物呈現緊迫的狀態309 Bamboo has a bizarre life cycle, 竹子的生命週期很特別310 flowering infrequently, sometime sonly once every hundred years or so. 不常開花311 有時一百年才一次312 But when flowering does occur,it's on a massive scale, 但一旦開花，就會大規模盛開313 and it's followed by the death of all of the plants. 最後整株死亡314 Sometimes an entire bamboo forest may die. 有時整片竹林都死了315 In undisturbed habitat, pandas simply move to another area 在不受干擾的生態區熊貓只要遷移到另一區就好了316 where a different bamboo species grows. 那裏還有不同的竹子317 But as human activity has fragmented their forest home, 但人類的活動已截斷它們的棲息地318 pandas find it increasingly hard to find large enough areas in which to survive. 熊貓越來越難找到足夠的活動範圍生存319 Wild pandas are now found only in the forests of Central China, 現在只有中國的中部還能找到野生熊貓320 far to the east. 離東部已經很遠了321 But in the hidden pockets of lowland jungle in Yunnan's tropical south, 但在低地森林隱密的地區322 在雲南的熱帶南區323 live one of China' s best-kept wildlife secrets. 還秘密藏著一種野生動物324 DEEP BELLOW 325 The wild Asian elephant. 野生亞洲大象326 Elephants once roamed across China as far north as Beijing. 大象曾經遍及中國最北甚至遠及北京327 But it's only in the hidden valleys of Yunnan that they have survived. 但現在只生活在雲南隱密的山谷中328 Elephants are the architects of the forest. 大象是森林的建築師329 Bamboos and grasses are their favorite food 竹子跟草是它們最愛吃的食物330 but saplings, tree leaves and twisted lianas are all taken, with little care. 但幼樹、樹葉及藤蔓植物331 也會被它們一併拔起332 As they move through the forest, 當它們穿越森林333 the elephants open up clearings,bringing light to the forest floor. 等於辟清一些空地讓陽光照入森林的地面334 This has a major impact on their home. 這對此區生態有很大的影響335 The richest forests are now known tobe those which from time to time experience change. 最豐饒的森林是那些336 不時在變化的森林337 The Ji nuo people are incredibly knowledgeable about their forests 基諾族對他們的森林幾乎無所不知338 and claim to have uses for most of the plants that they find there. 聲稱他們認識大多數植物也都知道各自用法339 They have names for them all, 他們替每種植物起名字340 those good for eating and some which even have strong medicinal qualities. 這些很好吃341 有些有很強的藥效342 By working here, the Jinou play a similar role to the elephants, 在這裏工作343 基諾族與大象有異曲同工之效344opening up the forest,bringing space, light and diversity. 清除森林，帶來空間、光與多元化345 Green, fast growing species are encouraged. 所以此區的綠色植物能快速成長346 Insects are in high abundance here, 昆蟲在這裏也很多347 together with the animals that feed on them. 以昆蟲為食的動物自然也多348 Knowledge of the forest enables the Jinou to find not just plants, 身為森林通的基諾族不但能找到植物349 but other tasty forest food too. 還有其他美味的食物350 Forest crabs are common here,feeding on the abundant leaf litter. 森林蟹在這很常見它們以枯枝落葉為食物351 This will be a tasty addition to the evening meal. 這會是晚餐美味的佳餚352 Flowing through Yunnan's southern valleys, 流過雲南南方山谷353 the once angry rivers are now swollen, 曾經湍急的怒江如今進入寬廣的區域354 their waters slow and warm. 水流變得緩慢溫和355 These fertile lowland valleys are the home of the Dai. 這些低地水域是傣族的家356 The "People of the Water" 他們沿著溪流而居357 live along streams which originate in the surrounding hills. 這些溪流源自周遭的山地358 Each family keeps a kitchen garden 每戶人家都有菜圃359 modeled on the multi-layered structure of the surrounding forests, 是依周遭森林地形而建的多層次建築360 which the Dai hold sacred. 傣族相當崇敬這片森林361 The gardens are made more productive by inter-planting different crops. 菜圃因交叉耕作而產量增加362 Tall, sun-loving species give shelter to plants which thrive in the shade. 喜日曬的高品種給予喜陰暗的植物遮蔽所363 As companions,the plants grow better. 混合種植讓蔬果長得更好364 Yunnan's forests are home to more than a dozen wild banana species 雲南的森林有超過12種野生香蕉品種365 and banana crops grow well in most Dai gardens. 而傣族的菜圃也種了許多366 The huge banana flowers are rich in nectar for only two hours a day, 碩大的香蕉花蘊藏豐富的花蜜367 但一天只開兩個小時368 but it's enough to attract a range of forest insects, including hornets. 但已足夠吸引許多森林昆蟲前來369 包括大黃蜂370 With their razor sharp mandibles, 它們的下顎如剃刀般鋒利371 they find it easy to rob the flowers of their nectar. 能輕易掠取花中的蜜汁372 But hornets are predators too. 但大黃蜂也是肉食性昆蟲373 They hunt other insects and carry them back to their nest. 它們捕捉其他昆蟲，將之帶回巢穴374 An ideal target, 理想的目標375 but this grasshopper is no easy meal. 但這蚱蜢並非簡單的大餐376 There may be a price to pay. 那是有代價的377 The Dai men, Po and Xue Ming, take advantage of a hunter's instincts. 378 傣族人波和祟明，他們就如黃雀在後379 A hornet sting is agony. 大黃蜂的蜇針是很痛的380 But for now it's distracted,intent on cutting away 但現在它忙著別的事381 a piece of grass hopper small enough to carry back home. 急切的想要切割蚱蜢的一部份382 小得讓它帶回巢去383 Success! 成功了！384 The white feather hardly slows the hornet, 大黃蜂不因白色羽毛而慢下來385 and, more importantly, 最重要的是遠遠就能看見它386 it can be seen. 387 Now the hunter is the hunted. 現在是螳螂捕蟬，黃雀在後388 So long as Po and Xue Ming can keep up! 但波和祟明必須跟得上389 Back at the nest,the other hornets 否則等它回蜂窩390 immediately begin to cut the feather free. 其他的大黃蜂馬上割開那羽毛391 But it's too late. The nest's location has been betrayed. 但太遲了蜂窩的所在地已經被發現！392 The relationship between the forest animals and the people who live here 森林動物與此地居民的關係393 永遠不會是和諧的394 was never one of harmony. 395 Yet the fact that the Dai and other ethnic groups considered。
解读中国国家形象宣传片
解读中国国家形象宣传⽚2019-09-09[摘要]国家作为⼀种特殊的组织，在国际社会也⾯临着展⽰⾃⾝形象、提升国际影响的公关⽬标。
本⽂回溯了世界及中国国家形象宣传⽚的历史，分析了2011年初中国政府⾸次以国家官⽅名义推出的两部国家形象宣传⽚的创意与构思。
[关键词]国家形象宣传创意公共关系是组织对外塑造良好形象、对内营造和谐氛围的⼀种传播和管理⼿段。
企业在市场求⽣存，城市在社会求发展，都离不开公共关系，⽽国家作为⼀种特殊的组织，在国际社会也⾯临着展⽰⾃⾝形象、提升国际影响的公关⽬标。
随着中国融⼊全球化的程度越来越深，中国已经到了迫切需要塑造国家形象的阶段。
2011年元旦刚过，⼀抹靓丽的“中国红”点亮了美国纽约时报⼴场，6块电⼦显⽰屏同时播出了中国国家形象宣传⽚30秒⼴告之《⼈物篇》。
[1]与此同时，另⼀部长达15分钟的专题⽚《⾓度篇》也已制作完成。
此举是新中国建国以来第⼀次以国家官⽅的名义，出于国际传播的⽬的⽽推出的国家形象宣传⽚，因此被各⽅誉为中国全⾯进⼊国家公关时代的标志性事件。
国家形象宣传⽚的历史溯源国家形象宣传⽚是以国家为宣传主体，以国际社会为宣传对象，旨在宣传国家变化发展，扭转或提升国际形象，扩⼤国际影响⼒的影视形态。
国家形象宣传⽚最早是作为国际政治和外交战略的产物⽽出现的。
上世纪20年代，苏联实施“新经济政策”后为了向西⽅世界展⽰所取得的成绩，拍摄了系列⿊⽩纪录⽚《苏联新貌》。
这些短⽚在西⽅各国放映后，成功扭转了苏联以往的落后农业国印象，树⽴了苏维埃⼯业化的新形象。
这种⿊⽩纪录短⽚式的“国家形象宣传”，在⼆战前被各国普遍仿效。
⽽第⼀个把国家形象宣传⼴告从电影搬上⼤众传播的电视媒体，则始于1964年的⽇本。
作为⼆战后⽇本第⼀次在国际上正式亮相的东京奥运会，是战后⽇本国家公关战略的重要公关活动，⽽借助此次国际赛事，⽇本制作和播出了⼀个主题为“现代化的新东京迎接现代化奥运”的宣传⽚，成功地让世⼈看到了⼀个从废墟中崛起、重新步⼊⼯业化⾏列的新东京。
介绍中国的英语作文国旗 建筑 动物 食物
介绍中国的英语作文国旗建筑动物食物The Chinese National FlagThe Chinese national flag is a symbol of great significance and pride for the people of China. It features a simple yet striking design, with a vibrant red background and a large golden star in the center, surrounded by four smaller golden stars. This design holds deep meaning and represents the unique history and culture of China.The red background of the flag is a symbol of the revolutionary spirit and the blood shed by the Chinese people in their struggle for independence and freedom. It is a powerful reminder of the sacrifices made by generations of Chinese citizens to build the nation we know today. The large golden star in the center represents the Communist Party of China, the guiding force behind the country's remarkable transformation and development.The four smaller golden stars surrounding the central star symbolize the unity of the Chinese people, regardless of their ethnic or regional differences. They represent the principles of democracy, justice, and equality that are fundamental to the Chinese political system. Together, the five stars form a harmonious and balancedcomposition, reflecting the harmonious coexistence of the diverse elements that make up the Chinese nation.Chinese ArchitectureChina's architectural heritage is a testament to the country's rich cultural legacy and the ingenuity of its people. From the grand imperial palaces of the past to the cutting-edge skyscrapers of the present, Chinese architecture has consistently showcased a unique blend of functionality, aesthetics, and philosophical principles.One of the most iconic examples of traditional Chinese architecture is the Forbidden City in Beijing. This sprawling complex of palaces, temples, and gardens was the exclusive domain of the Chinese emperors for centuries, and its intricate design reflects the hierarchical structure of the imperial system. The Forbidden City is characterized by symmetrical layouts, ornate roofs with upturned eaves, and the extensive use of red, yellow, and gold colors, all of which convey a sense of power, grandeur, and harmony.In contrast, the ancient water towns of Suzhou and Zhouzhuang offer a more intimate and picturesque glimpse into China's architectural past. These quaint riverside settlements are defined by their intricate network of canals, stone bridges, and traditional wooden houses, creating a serene and timeless atmosphere that hascaptivated visitors from around the world.As China has embraced modernization and urbanization, its architectural landscape has also evolved to reflect the country's ambitions and aspirations. The skylines of cities like Shanghai and Shenzhen are now dominated by towering skyscrapers, many of which incorporate traditional Chinese design elements with cutting-edge sustainable technologies. These modern structures not only serve as functional workspaces and living spaces but also as symbols of China's economic and technological prowess on the global stage.Chinese AnimalsChina is home to a diverse and fascinating array of animal species, many of which have become iconic symbols of the country's rich natural heritage. From the majestic giant panda to the agile red panda, these animals have captivated the imaginations of people around the world and have played a significant role in China's cultural and environmental narratives.The giant panda is undoubtedly the most well-known and beloved of China's native animals. These gentle, black-and-white bears are found in the mountainous regions of central China and are revered for their adorable appearance and their status as a conservation icon. Despite facing threats from habitat loss and fragmentation, the giantpanda population has been slowly recovering thanks to the tireless efforts of Chinese conservation organizations and the international community.Another iconic Chinese animal is the red panda, a smaller and more elusive cousin of the giant panda. These charming creatures are known for their striking reddish-brown fur, bushy tails, and agile climbing abilities. Red pandas are found in the mountainous forests of southwestern China and are considered vulnerable due to habitat loss and poaching.Beyond the pandas, China is home to a vast array of other fascinating animal species, including the Siberian tiger, the Chinese alligator, the golden snub-nosed monkey, and the Chinese sturgeon. Many of these animals hold deep cultural significance in China, serving as symbols of strength, wisdom, and harmony with nature.Protecting and preserving China's rich biodiversity is a crucial challenge facing the country in the 21st century. Through initiatives such as the establishment of national parks, the implementation of strict conservation measures, and the promotion of eco-tourism, China is working to ensure that its unique animal species can thrive for generations to come.Chinese CuisineChina's culinary traditions are as diverse and rich as the country itself, reflecting the unique regional cultures, climates, and ingredients that have shaped the development of Chinese cuisine over thousands of years. From the fiery Sichuan dishes of the southwest to the delicate seafood delicacies of the coastal regions, Chinese food offers a tantalizing array of flavors, textures, and cooking techniques that have captivated the palates of people around the world.One of the hallmarks of Chinese cuisine is its emphasis on balance and harmony. Dishes are often designed to achieve a perfect balance of flavors, such as the interplay of sweet, sour, salty, and umami, as well as a harmonious blend of textures, from the crunch of fresh vegetables to the silky smoothness of braised meats. This pursuit of balance is deeply rooted in the principles of traditional Chinese medicine and philosophy, which emphasize the importance of maintaining equilibrium in all aspects of life.Another defining characteristic of Chinese cuisine is its regional diversity. Each of China's diverse regions has developed its own distinct culinary traditions, often influenced by local agricultural products, climate, and cultural influences. For example, the cuisine of Guangdong (Cantonese) is renowned for its delicate seafood dishes and the use of subtle seasonings, while the food of Sichuan is famous for its bold, spicy flavors and the liberal use of Sichuanpeppercorns.Despite the regional variations, there are certain ingredients and cooking techniques that are ubiquitous in Chinese cuisine. The wok, for instance, is a versatile cooking vessel that is used to stir-fry, steam, and braise a wide variety of ingredients. Soy sauce, rice, and noodles are also staple components of Chinese food, providing the foundation for countless dishes.In recent years, Chinese cuisine has gained increasing global recognition and popularity, with chefs and restaurants around the world showcasing the depth and complexity of this culinary tradition. From the rise of modern Chinese fine dining to the proliferation of authentic regional cuisines, the world is discovering the true richness and diversity of Chinese food, a testament to the enduring cultural legacy of this ancient civilization.。
文化多模态视角下国家形象宣传片的语篇分析
边疆经济与文化THE BORDER ECONOMY AND CULTURE2019年第1期（总第181期）No. 1. 2019General.No . 181丈化为模态諏玮 下 国 家老晏宣传片的悟為"析洪宇鷺隋新"，展宏玮$（1.哈尔滨金融学院a.商务英语系；b.国际合作与交流处，哈尔滨150030; 2.哈尔滨理工大学外国语学院，哈尔滨150080）摘 要：国家形象宣传片作为国家的一种软实力，能够传播国家正面形象，同时也是一个国家在国际竞争中进行博弈的重要策略。
中国国家形象片《角度篇》 S 物篇》和《中国进入新时代｝等几部宣传片，积极运用多种模态维度手段，达到语篇的优化衔接，较好地提升了国家形象宣传片的感染力。
关键词：文化多模态语篇；国家形象；语篇衔接；隐喻；转喻中图分类号：H315.9 文献标志码：A文章编号：1672-5409 （2019） 01-0113-02在文化多模态理论的视角下，本篇文章以中国 国家形象片締度篇》CA 物篇》和《中国进入新 时代）为例，利用隐喻转喻等多种方法，解析宣传 片中为了宣扬国家正面积极的大国形象，所使用到 的各种不同的语言。
締度篇》物篇》和《中 国进入新时代）这几部宣传片都是由悠扬的音乐、 清新的音律、优质的语言、高清的图像等模态和谐 构成。
宣传片给我们带来了视觉和听觉的享受，在 宣传片制作过程中，使用到了非常丰富的隐喻和转 喻手法。
在我们观看宣传片的过程中，只有做到对 隐喻以及相关的转喻进行认真的解读，才能够更好 地了解宣传片的深层内涵。
一、文化多模态视角下的隐喻和转喻国家形象片是国家用于宣传自我形象的最佳手 段。
中国国家形象片拍摄的历史背景为，当时国际 世界对现代中国的整体印象和了解，与现代中国的 真实情况是有一定差距的，中国政府也非常清醒地 了解到了这个问题的严重性，在这种情况下，让世 界真正地了解中国就势在必行了。
在宣传片的拍摄 过程中，文化多模态话语使宣传片更加具有震撼 力，通过视觉、听觉、触觉等多感官齐动的表达方 式，以及隐喻和转喻手法，使宣传片中很多传统的 事物有了新的升华，能够呈现岀更加丰富多彩的内 涵式意义。
旅游英语的语言特点及其经济价值
2362019年47期总第487期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS旅游英语的语言特点及其经济价值文/王琴琴目前中国的旅游业进入了高速发展时期，截止到2018年，外国人入境游人数达到14120万人次，与此同时国际旅游收入达到1271亿美元，均比上年同期有所增长。
在对外宣传和服务中，旅游英语的使用必不可少，因此对其语言特点和经济价值的分析具有一定的现实意义。
一、旅游英语的语言特点1.专业性。
旅游英语属于ESP范畴，即，English for SpecialPurposes, 译为专门用途英语。
“ESP是专门用途语言(Language for Specific Purpose)中的一种。
ESP是与EGP(通用英语)相对”。
旅游英语是由旅游专业领域的词汇、句法和语篇构成的专门应用于旅游行业的语言。
其中旅游景点涉及的很多专有名词都有其固定的译法，不能随意替换，例如，北京的故宫，因为它明清时期的皇家宫殿，又名紫禁城，所以其英文翻译为the Imperial Palace或the Forbidden City, 汉语名称中的故字和紫字并没有出现在英文名称中，而且也不能用其他的英文单词代替上述词汇。
2.多样性。
相对于其他专门用途英语，多样性是旅游英语的一大特色。
旅游英语的文本可以出现在多种场合，如景区标识语、旅游形象宣传片、导游词、甚至是美食介绍中，因此旅游英语的风格也具有多样性。
景区的标识语有指示、提醒、限制等功能，其表达风格也较为简洁、明晰，如为了提醒游人注意安全，景区就会设置Keep off the water(远离池塘)的标识。
景区宣传片的目的是提升景区影响力和提高景区收益，其文本则更为优美、浪漫、富有画面感和情节性。
但人们经常看到的景区宣传片通常是中文配音加中文或者英文字幕。
而细心的观众会发现，中文配音的宣传片和其英文字幕的内容不是完全相同，因为英文字幕占据的篇幅较大，如果完全一一对应，字幕的字体会非常小，即便是有字幕也很难看清楚，从而失去了其出现的价值。
What-is-China(“十分钟看懂中国”-中英文清晰对照版)
What is ChinaThe People's Republic of China, commonly known as China, is located in east Asia. And borders 14 nations or any other county in the world. It is the most populous state in the world with a 1.3 billion citizens, while the world's population is 6.8 billion. That means other every 5 people in the world, one is Chinese. China is made of 56 distinctive ethnic groups with Han Chinese making the 92% of its whole population.中华人民共和国，简称中国，位于东亚。
与14个国家或地区接壤。
是世界人口最多的国家，有13亿人口，而世界人口是68亿。
也就是说，世界上每5个人中就有一个是中国人。
中国有56个民族，汉族占总人口的92%。
China is a single party state governed by the Communist Party of China whose power is enshrined in Chinese constitution. Though China is officially an atheist country, its religious roots lie within Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. And from these most social and moral values are derived. There are also a significant number of Chinese Muslims who arrived via the silk road trade route and still retain their distinct culture.中国由中国共产党一党执政，共产党的执政地位写入了宪法。
融入社会主义核心价值观教育的大学英语混合式教改实践
外语教研WAIYU JIAOYAN2020年12月Dec.2020教U帀・TEACHER融入社会主义核心价值观教育的大学英语混合式教改实践徐飞跃(浙江农业商贸职业学院，浙江绍兴312088)摘要：大学英语课程兼具人文性和工具性的独特优势，有利于推进社会主义核心价值观教育。
文章探索和实践了融入核心价值观教育的大学英语混合式教学模式，通过实验研究发现，教学改革在提升学生学业成绩传播践行核心价值能力等方面取得了显著效果。
关键词：社会主义核心价值观；大学英语；混合式教学中图分类号：H319.3文献标识码：A收稿日期：2020-11-10文章编号：1674-120X(2020)35-0044-02积极培育和践行社会主义核心价值观，是新时代中国特色社会主义伟大事业重要的"铸魂工程”，也是各高校课程思政建设的重要内容。
要想突破以教材为中心、以教师为主角、以课堂为主场的传统大学英语教学藩篱，发挥课程应有的人文功能，推进核心价值观教育意义重大。
一、传统大学英语课程教学模式特点"以教材为中心，以教师为主角，以课堂为主场"的传统大学英语教学模式制约着课程应有的思政育人功能的发挥。
(1)教学内容以教材为中心。
目前我国不少高校的大学英语教材知识体系以系统化开展英语知识讲授及应用能力训练为逻辑主线，以介绍英美国家文化和价值观为主流，涉及社会主义核心价值观丰富内涵的内容普遍偏少。
以教材为中心的教学无形中促进了西方文化和价值观的隐性渗透，不利于中国文化自信和社会主义核心价值教育。
(2)教学范式以教师为主角。
传统大学英语教学中，教师是主角，学生可以在课堂上系统掌握英语学科知识和技能，提高英语等级考试过级率，但不利于创新思维建构和创新能力培养。
学生往往被动地学习，课前预习教材内容、上课听讲、课后练习、考前突击、考试通过是学生固有的学习范式。
这种范式重视语言知识输入，忽视隐性思政元素探究；重视学习目标被动达成，忽视学生在自由思辨中良性成长。
美丽中国第二集中英文字幕
Shangri-La香格里拉Beneath billowing clouds,翻腾的云海之下in China's far southwestern Yunnan province,在中国西南遥远的云南省lies a place of mystery and legend.有一个神秘而又充满传奇的地方Of mighty rivers and some of the oldest jungles in the world.这儿有着世界上最久远的雨林以及奔腾的河流Here, hidden valleys nurture strange and unique creatures,藏匿于此的河谷养育了奇异而又独特的动物and colourful tribal cultures.同时也孕育了多彩的民族风情Jungles are rarely found this far north of the tropics.雨林在远离热带的北部地区是罕见的So, why do they thrive here?可是为什么却得以在此茁壮成长And how has this rugged landscape come to harbourthe greatest natural wealth in all China? 为何整个中国崎岖不平的山地里却蕴藏着富饶多姿的自然财富In the remote southwest corner of China,在中国西南部的一个偏远的角落里a celebration is about to take place.即将举行一场庆典Dai people collect water for the most important festival of their year.傣族人为他们一年中最重要的节日收集水The Dai call themselves the people of the water.傣族人也称自己为水之民Yunnan's river valleys have been their home for over 2,000 years.云南的河谷地带是他们的两千多年来繁衍生息的故里By bringing the river water to the temple,把河水带到寺庙they honour the two things holiest to them -敬俸傣族人最神圣的两件事物Buddhism and their home.佛教和他们的家园The Dai give thanks for the rivers and fertile lands which have nurtured their culture.傣族人感恩养育了傣族文化的河流以及肥沃的土地Though to some it might seem just an excuse for the biggest water fight of all time.或许这看上去只是为了打上一场大水仗的借口Dai lives are changing as towns get bigger and modernize随着小镇的发展以及现代化傣族人的生活正发生着改变but the Water Splashing Festival is still celebrated by all.泼水节依旧是众所周知的著名的傣族节日The rivers which lie at the heart of Dai life and culture河流穿越了傣族人生活和习俗的心脏地带flow from the distant mountains of Tibet,发源于西藏遥远的山脉之中southward through central Yunnan in great parallel gorges.河水向南流经了宏伟的平行峡谷中的云南中部The Dai now live in the borders of tropical Vietnam and Laos,傣族人现在居住在和越南以及老挝接壤的热带地区but their legends tell of how their ancestors came here他们的传说讲述了先辈是怎样来到这儿的by following the rivers from mountain lands in the cold far north.从寒冷而又遥远的北方山区顺流而下Lying at the far eastern end of the Himalayas,头枕着遥远的喜马拉雅山脉东部的末端the Hengduan mountains form Yunnan's northern border with Tibet.横断山脉构成了滇北的边界并和西藏相交Kawakarpo, crown of the Hengduan range,is a site of holy pilgrimage. 卡瓦格博峰是横断山脉之上的王冠也是圣洁朝圣者旅途的一站Yet, its formidable peak remains unconquered.然而她那令人敬畏的顶点至今未被征服Yunnan's mountains are remote,rugged and inaccessible.云南的山不但遥远而且崎岖Here the air is thin and temperatures can drop below minus 40 degrees. 这里空气稀薄而且气温能骤降至零下四十度This is home to an animal that's found nowhere else on Earth.这里是地球上独一无二的动物The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey.又称扁鼻黑金丝猴即传说中的雪猴滇金丝猴的家园It's found only in these few isolated mountain forests.只有在极少数和世隔绝的山林中才能看到它们的踪影No other primate lives at such high altitudes.在如此高海拔的地区难以寻觅其它灵长类动物的踪迹but these are true specialists.这些是真正的专家These ancient mountain dwellers have inspired legends.这些出没在远古深山中的原住民有着一些通灵的传说Local Lisu people consider them their ancestors,当地的傈僳族人就把它们当作自己的祖先calling them "the wild men of the mountains".并把它们称为：“山中野老”During heavy snowfalls,even these specialists cannot feed.在大雪之中即使是这些专家也不能够进食It seems a strange place for a monkey.对滇金丝猴来说似乎又来到了一个新奇的地方Between snows, the monkeys waste no time in their search for food.在另一场雪到了之前滇金丝猴抓紧时间寻找食物At this altitude,there are few fruits or tender leaves to eat.在高海拔地区只有少数水果和嫩叶可供食用90% of their diet is made up of the fine dry wisps of a curious organism. 百分之九十的日常饮食由不常见的成捆精细干有机物组成Half fungus, half plant it's lichen.其中一半是真菌，另外一半是植物地衣How have monkeys,normally associated with lowland jungle,提起猴子人们通常联想到的是低地雨林come to live such aremote mountain existence?缘何他们选择在偏远的山地繁衍生息呢This is not the only remarkable animal found within these isolated high peaks. 它们并非这些孤耸的高峰上唯一醒目的生命A Chinese red panda.一只中国小熊猫Solitary and quiet, it spends much of its time in the tree tops.这位沉默寡言的隐士将自己生命的大部分置于树的顶端Despite its name,抛开它的名字the red panda is only a very distant relative of the giant panda.让小熊猫和大熊猫扯上亲戚关系是一件非常勉强的事情It's actually more closely related to a skunk.小熊猫有时在中文中也称火狐，英文中亦有FireFox既是对其的直接译名。
生态翻译学视角下城市形象宣传片英译研究--以武汉市形象宣传片《大城崛起》为例
生态翻译学视角下城市形象宣传片英译研究--以武汉市形象宣传片《大城崛起》为例黄书君【摘要】Chinese city promotional videos are presented on Western mainstream media successively in recent years .Higher quality translationof city promotional videos will contribute to building positive city images and spreading the city spirits .Based on Wuhan city promotional video The Rise of a Great City ,this thesis attempts to make a tentative study on its translation within the theoretical framework of eco‐transla‐tology ,appreciating and analyzing its translation from three dimensional transformation ,which includes the dimension of language ,the dimensionof culture and the dimension of communication .It is helpful to ex‐plorethe new perspective of the study on the translation of the urbanimage ,and further demonstrate the scope of application of eco‐translatology .%近年来，中国的城市形象宣传片陆续在西方主流媒体播出。
全球本土化视角下的纪录片传播策略——以《中国战疫录》为例
80基金课题《中国战疫录》（以下简称《战疫》）共有5集，分别为《疫病突袭》《全民战疫》《中国速度》《医者大爱》《四海同心》。
全片于2020年3月30日上线，引起了海内外的广泛关注。
纪录片的总体架构全面，其中心由武汉及湖北省的视角，拓展至全国乃至全球视角，真实反映了中国抗击疫情的全过程。
本文引入全球本土化的概念，对《战疫》的传播策略进行分析。
如今，世界各种文化紧密交织。
当一方试图解读并呈现“他者”时，难免会受根深蒂固的文化差异影响而出现误读。
因此，如何真正理解“他者”是一个长期存在的问题。
全球本土化的《战疫》成为中国文化“走出去”的一个新载体，承担着以西方社会能理解的方式传播中国声音的使命。
一、理论依据从传播学的角度来看，管文虎认为国家形象是一个国家的内部公众和外部公众对国家行为及其成果所形成的总的认定和评价。
国家形象具有强大的影响力与凝聚力，能体现一个国家的综合实力［1］。
Glocalization （全球本土化）是Globalization(全球化)与Localization(本土化)结合构成的新词。
全球本土化概念最初描述的是全球产品、模式适应本土市场环境的方式，但近年来文化层面也出现了全球本土化的趋势。
美国学者罗伯森认为，全球本土化是普遍的特殊化与特殊的普遍化共存的双向趋势，全球化无法取代本土化，反之亦然［2］。
我国学者孙有中、吴东英认为，在文化领域，全球本土化指文化变革与实践过程中，全球性与本土性两股力量此消彼长的辩证过程，全球本土化强调全球与本土之间的互动和互相依存的关系。
在以全球本土化的视角研究跨文化问题时，应更加注重文化间的相同性和变异性［3］。
符号学语言学家索绪尔提出一个符号由能指（Signifier）和所指（Signified）构成。
能指即符号基金项目：本论文为江苏省大学生创新创业训练项目“高中英语学困生自我效能感的提升策略研究”阶段性成果，项目编号：202010320112Y所传达的声音、文字形象，所指即符号所蕴含的概念。
中国国家形象宣传片(英文字幕)
2003年10月，中国人第一次从外太空亲眼看到了自己的国家，那数千年的神话和畅想，变成了真实的注视In October 2003, the first Chinese citizen saw his homeland from outer space and the mythology and dreams of thousands of years became a reality.那些关于地球是个家园的歌颂关于自己在漫长历史里生存下来的骄傲这时刻比别的时候更加清晰具体Our songs of how the earth is our garden and our pride in surving our long history suddenly became more vid and clear.xxCHINA我们是谁Who are the Chinese?我们在想什么What makes us who we are?早在创造中国历史的这一刻之前，中国人也从未中断过从其他角度审视自己的国家But even before this momentous chapter in our history, Chinese people have always regarded themselves from multi-faceted angles.传统是一种背负还是一种推动发展的动力Is tradition a burden or kind of a driving force for development?文化的传承是太受到关注，还是太漫不经心Do we take our cultural heritage too seriously or not seriously enough?你看到的是冲突还是融合，是回忆还是未来？Do you see conflict or fusion, nostalgia or visions of the future？Opening the door with confidence开放而有自信30年前，一扇世界上最的的窗户打开了……这个国家，旋即迎接了令人眼花缭乱的变化In 1979, China opened the biggest window in the world to the outside and China suddenly dazzled people with the panorama of change.或许有人认为，在这样巨大的物质和信息刺激下，想保持镇定都非常困难Some may argue under such huge material and mental stimulation, it would be hard to maintain equilibrium.在我心目中，中国是一个包容性非常强的国家In my mind, China is a country that has very strong inclusiveness.她是一个很有文化的一个国家She is a country with rich culture.又有历史的沧桑感，但是又在日新月异的变化着She has a long history, but also changes everyday..但是接下来30年间发生的事情，却让全世界都看到一个有着悠久历史底蕴的文化在面临全新变革之时，能够展现出怎样的包容性和应变能力But after 30 years, the world has seen how much China’s profound history and cultural essence has given, lead us to flexibility and unity when facing fast transformation.(xx WTO谈判xx首席代表)：加入世贸以后，整个国力的增强使得中国人更加自信，也更加开放After China’s accession to the WTO,Chinese people are getting more and more confident because of the increasing national strength.人们不得不承认，中国在和全世界接轨的同时，保持着自己鲜明的特色Observers must admit in its meeting with the world, China has preserved its own special character. 30年开放，30年面对新事物而勇敢无畏，自信地选择着适合自己国情和民情的发展道路。
舌尖上的中国第一部字幕
舌尖上的中国第一部字幕100:00:57,640 --> 00:00:59,759China has a large population200:01:00,200 --> 00:01:01,119and the richest and most variednatural landscapes300:01:01,320 --> 00:01:03,639in the world.400:01:04,280 --> 00:01:05,039 Plateaus,500:01:05,320 --> 00:01:06,039forests,600:01:06,520 --> 00:01:07,279lakes,700:01:07,760 --> 00:01:08,679 coastlines,800:01:10,480 --> 00:01:12,919These various geographical features and climate conditions900:01:13,200 --> 00:01:15,481have helped to formand preserve widely different species.1000:01:16,400 --> 00:01:18,119No other country has so many1100:01:18,400 --> 00:01:21,199potential food sources as China.1200:01:27,800 --> 00:01:29,239By collecting,1300:01:30,200 --> 00:01:31,079 fetching,1400:01:32,600 --> 00:01:33,399 digging,1500:01:34,560 --> 00:01:35,361hunting and fishing,1600:01:35,920 --> 00:01:38,639 people have acquired abundant gifts from nature.1700:01:41,800 --> 00:01:43,200 Traveling through the four seasons,1800:01:43,560 --> 00:01:45,599we'll discover a storyabout nature and the people1900:01:46,040 --> 00:01:47,799 behind delicious foods.2000:01:49,520 --> 00:01:51,439A Gift of Nature2100:01:54,160 --> 00:01:55,519 Shangri-la, Yunnan2200:01:55,840 --> 00:01:58,399In the ancient forest nestledby snowy mountains2300:02:01,520 --> 00:02:03,479the air is wet and cool in the rainy season.2400:02:03,800 --> 00:02:04,919(Shangri-la, Yunnan)2500:02:07,680 --> 00:02:10,279It's not easy2600:02:10,720 --> 00:02:13,559to catch up with Danzhen Zhuoma2700:02:13,840 --> 00:02:15,120in the forest of pines and oaks.2800:02:23,200 --> 00:02:24,839Zhuoma and her mother are looking2900:02:25,160 --> 00:02:26,799for an elf-like food.3000:02:32,160 --> 00:02:34,799Zhuoma has found matsutakeunder the pine needles.3100:02:35,640 --> 00:02:37,279It is a precious and edible fungus,3200:02:38,240 --> 00:02:39,959only surviving in certain high-altitude mountain areas3300:02:40,280 --> 00:02:42,119that are free of pollution.3400:02:44,480 --> 00:02:46,759We can usually only find3500:02:47,040 --> 00:02:48,319one matsutake per kilometer.3600:02:49,960 --> 00:02:51,599Danzhen Zhuoma3700:02:52,560 --> 00:02:54,679It's canopy has already opened.3800:02:54,960 --> 00:02:55,839It's not a good one.3900:02:57,600 --> 00:02:58,959 Matsutake yields were once high,4000:02:59,200 --> 00:03:00,080but the price was low.4100:03:00,400 --> 00:03:01,479Its production has fallen this year,4200:03:01,760 --> 00:03:02,841while the price has surged.4300:03:04,240 --> 00:03:07,239 Matsutake is expensive.4400:03:09,120 --> 00:03:10,799At restaurants in the big cities,4500:03:11,040 --> 00:03:14,199a dish of roast matsutake costs 1,600 yuan.4600:03:16,760 --> 00:03:19,359Matsutake has an intense scent.4700:03:21,680 --> 00:03:22,801After being lightly roasted,4800:03:23,000 --> 00:03:25,919its spicy, mineral-like fragrance floats out.4900:03:27,240 --> 00:03:28,559People who live far from nature5000:03:28,840 --> 00:03:30,681regard the matsutake as some kind of treasure.5100:03:39,720 --> 00:03:41,719Jidi Village sits in the center5200:03:42,000 --> 00:03:43,880of the matsutake production area in Shangri-la.5300:03:45,000 --> 00:03:46,079It's already empty5400:03:46,320 --> 00:03:47,879before 3 a.m.5500:03:49,800 --> 00:03:51,639Villagers who are able to climb mountains5600:03:51,880 --> 00:03:55,279are out searching for the amazing mushroom.5700:03:58,320 --> 00:03:59,599If we are late,5800:03:59,880 --> 00:04:00,799the others won't leave us a chance.5900:04:01,200 --> 00:04:02,439We won't find any matsutake,6000:04:03,000 --> 00:04:04,920because the others will havehad picked them all.6100:04:07,640 --> 00:04:10,199Zhuoma and her mother will hike6200:04:10,520 --> 00:04:12,839to the ancient forest 20 kilometers away.6300:04:21,680 --> 00:04:23,999Even to the villagers familiar with the forest,6400:04:24,240 --> 00:04:27,199to find matsutake is completely by luck.6500:04:29,160 --> 00:04:31,959High grade matsutake hides deep in the earth.6600:04:34,240 --> 00:04:35,559The mother is looking for a pit6700:04:35,920 --> 00:04:37,239she concealed two days ago.6800:04:39,120 --> 00:04:40,199Under the earth,6900:04:40,440 --> 00:04:42,279a new matsutake is growing.7000:04:42,680 --> 00:04:45,359But it's small due to a lack of rain.7100:04:50,520 --> 00:04:52,321Mother cares more about looking for matsutake7200:04:52,560 --> 00:04:53,679than her own health.7300:04:54,080 --> 00:04:55,080I'm a little worried that7400:04:55,280 --> 00:04:57,121one day she might faint while in the mountain.7500:04:57,800 --> 00:04:59,359She is getting old.7600:05:06,600 --> 00:05:07,919Yak butter fried matsutake7700:05:08,240 --> 00:05:10,079is common in the matsutake production area.7800:05:11,640 --> 00:05:14,279Melt yak butter in a black clay pan,7900:05:15,160 --> 00:05:16,959then add the slices of matsutake.8000:05:19,360 --> 00:05:22,159The slices are dried rapidly in hot oil,8100:05:22,720 --> 00:05:23,920and the fragrance is released.8200:05:29,440 --> 00:05:31,639Such luxurious food materials8300:05:32,000 --> 00:05:33,519need only to be cooked simply.8400:05:39,200 --> 00:05:41,599Tibetans didn't like matsutake before,8500:05:42,120 --> 00:05:43,519because of its strange taste.8600:05:43,800 --> 00:05:46,119Matsutake used to be very cheap,8700:05:46,880 --> 00:05:47,959but recent years,8800:05:48,200 --> 00:05:49,679its price has shot up.8900:05:51,320 --> 00:05:53,279To earn 10,000 yuan in one summer,9000:05:53,520 --> 00:05:56,159herdsmen have to work hard in the rainy season.9100:06:00,760 --> 00:06:03,679Matsutake prices are strictly based on grades.9200:06:04,280 --> 00:06:06,200The Matsutake products are dividedinto 48 grades9300:06:06,400 --> 00:06:09,279before being sold.9400:06:11,080 --> 00:06:12,479This one can be rated as Grade 1.9500:06:13,360 --> 00:06:15,239It's quite good and big.9600:06:16,080 --> 00:06:18,479Matsutake can keep fresh for 3 days at most,9700:06:19,480 --> 00:06:21,239so merchants process it as delicately9800:06:21,440 --> 00:06:23,599and as quickly as possible.9900:06:31,040 --> 00:06:31,880A matsutake like this10000:06:32,200 --> 00:06:34,039can be originally purchased for 80 yuan.10100:06:34,840 --> 00:06:36,159And 6 hours later,10200:06:36,480 --> 00:06:38,279it will appear at a super market in Tokyo10300:06:38,520 --> 00:06:40,679priced at 700 yuan.10400:06:47,720 --> 00:06:49,199Zhuoma is waiting with the crowds.10500:06:49,440 --> 00:06:51,559She is anxious10600:06:51,840 --> 00:06:53,280because her matsutake isn't so good.10700:06:55,760 --> 00:06:57,999Others reaped much more matsutake than I did,10800:06:58,240 --> 00:07:00,599so I'm quite uneasy and anxious.10900:07:17,160 --> 00:07:19,040Over the past day, Zhuoma and her mother walked11000:07:19,080 --> 00:07:21,639for 11 hours in the mountain,11100:07:21,960 --> 00:07:23,639but earned very little.11200:07:27,440 --> 00:07:29,239After the rainy season,11300:07:29,480 --> 00:07:31,679all the matsutake will be gone.11400:07:36,040 --> 00:07:38,759The family looks forwardto a lucky day tomorrow.11500:08:05,360 --> 00:08:07,159There are only two seasons in Yunnan,11600:08:07,400 --> 00:08:08,879rainy season and dry season.11700:08:11,400 --> 00:08:13,479Every year starting from November,11800:08:13,800 --> 00:08:15,319dry and warm winds rise on the land,11900:08:15,520 --> 00:08:17,479blowing hard for the next six months.12000:08:18,160 --> 00:08:19,399Not until the end of May,12100:08:19,640 --> 00:08:22,239will rain fall upon Shangri-lain Diqing Prefecture.12200:08:24,960 --> 00:08:28,159Mushrooms in the ancient forest12300:08:28,440 --> 00:08:30,001begin to shoot up after the heavy rain.12400:08:31,120 --> 00:08:32,559But only matsutake12500:08:32,880 --> 00:08:34,481is of interest to Zhuoma and her mother.12600:08:41,560 --> 00:08:43,879Heavy rain is a gift from nature.12700:08:44,600 --> 00:08:46,199Everyone works hard,12800:08:46,400 --> 00:08:49,279but fortune brings Zhuoma a better harvest.12900:08:52,680 --> 00:08:54,039After digging up the matsutake,13000:08:54,600 --> 00:08:56,679Zhuoma conceals the pit13100:08:56,920 --> 00:08:58,359with pine needles.13200:08:59,120 --> 00:08:59,879Only in this way13300:09:00,120 --> 00:09:01,759can the hypha be preserved.13400:09:03,160 --> 00:09:05,399To ensure sustainable yields,13500:09:05,680 --> 00:09:08,199Tibetans follow the law of the forest.13600:09:12,680 --> 00:09:14,959 Matsutake is unique in flavor.13700:09:15,440 --> 00:09:18,199It became a popular delicacy just 30 years ago.13800:09:20,400 --> 00:09:22,359On the menu of traditional Chinese cuisine,13900:09:22,640 --> 00:09:26,559there is another dainty foodgrowing in mountains.14000:09:29,400 --> 00:09:32,119The cubes of fresh winter bamboo shoots,14100:09:34,680 --> 00:09:35,880after being cooked in deep fat14200:09:36,720 --> 00:09:38,680with various spices,will be a widely popular dish14300:09:42,200 --> 00:09:45,359in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces.14400:09:53,560 --> 00:09:54,479In China,14500:09:55,000 --> 00:09:57,399many people rely on bamboo forests.14600:09:58,400 --> 00:10:00,399They are also bamboo shoot experts.14700:10:04,080 --> 00:10:06,159Mao Bamboo needs to be planted14800:10:06,360 --> 00:10:09,479away from mulberries and pines,14900:10:09,800 --> 00:10:11,799 otherwise they won't grow well15000:10:12,120 --> 00:10:13,159or produce bamboo shoots.15100:10:16,640 --> 00:10:18,159Bao is a Zhejiang native.15200:10:18,880 --> 00:10:20,159The biggest-ever bamboo shoot in Suichang15300:10:20,400 --> 00:10:22,679was harvested in his bamboo forest.15400:10:24,800 --> 00:10:26,759The winter bamboo shoot hides in the earth,15500:10:27,200 --> 00:10:29,399and is hard to find on the surface.15600:10:32,320 --> 00:10:34,999But Bao can easily locate the bamboo shoot15700:10:36,120 --> 00:10:38,279by only observing the color of bamboo leaves.15800:10:44,120 --> 00:10:47,119Under the lifeless earth,15900:10:47,480 --> 00:10:48,959a bamboo shoot is silently growing.00:10:52,640 --> 00:10:55,599The winter bamboo shoot is seasonal and hard to preserve.16100:10:56,080 --> 00:10:58,039After being peeled,16200:10:58,280 --> 00:11:00,199it leaves little left to be cooked.16300:11:02,480 --> 00:11:03,959 Chinese chefs love it16400:11:04,240 --> 00:11:06,039 because it is single-grained,16500:11:06,600 --> 00:11:08,919able to easily absorb the flavorof added garnishes.16600:11:12,400 --> 00:11:14,519In particular, it can help attaina flavor balance00:11:14,760 --> 00:11:16,400when being cooked with greasy fatty meat.16800:11:25,840 --> 00:11:27,641Bao always looks for 4-year-old bamboo plants16900:11:27,800 --> 00:11:29,879before locating bamboo shoots.17000:11:30,080 --> 00:11:31,480Digging along the subterranean stem17100:11:35,080 --> 00:11:38,919and picking the shoots gently are necessary to prevent the roots from being harmed.17200:11:50,000 --> 00:11:52,519Covered with earth,17300:11:53,280 --> 00:11:54,760the harvested shoots can be preserved17400:11:55,200 --> 00:11:56,759for over two weeks in a natural way.17500:12:02,280 --> 00:12:04,1991,500 kilometers southwest17600:12:04,640 --> 00:12:06,959of eastern Zhejiang,17700:12:07,600 --> 00:12:09,759a lush summer falls on a bamboo forest in Liuzhou.17800:12:10,760 --> 00:12:12,239 (Liuzhou, Guangxi)17900:12:13,160 --> 00:12:14,799Guangxi native Ye Yaliang18000:12:15,520 --> 00:12:18,559 manages a bamboo forest that produces large, sweet bamboo shoots.18100:12:23,040 --> 00:12:26,519The most tender bamboo shoots18200:12:26,800 --> 00:12:28,359can be harvested between18300:12:29,320 --> 00:12:31,479mid-June and mid-September.18400:12:32,400 --> 00:12:36,239Bamboo shoots will solidify shortlyafter breaking through the soil.18500:12:36,840 --> 00:12:39,879They turn old and bitter if not dug up in time.18600:12:41,600 --> 00:12:43,959Ye's forest yields the rhizome shootthat grows in summer.18700:12:44,640 --> 00:12:46,519It's not as tender as the winter bamboo shoot,18800:12:47,560 --> 00:12:49,239but it is the main ingredient18900:12:49,480 --> 00:12:51,679for making Liuzhou Sour Bamboo Shoot.19000:12:56,840 --> 00:12:59,599Sour Bamboo Shoot is made under the guidance of an ancestral recipe.19100:12:59,920 --> 00:13:01,039I'm the eldest grandson,19200:13:01,440 --> 00:13:03,799so I've inherited the cooking skill.19300:13:08,760 --> 00:13:11,001Braised yellow croakerwith soybean and sour bamboo shoot19400:13:11,480 --> 00:13:13,239has an authentic Guangxi flavor.19500:13:14,200 --> 00:13:17,199Deep-fry tiny yellow croakers first,19600:13:18,040 --> 00:13:20,520then cook them with soybeansand the sour bamboo shoots in oil.19700:13:21,360 --> 00:13:23,679The dish is a great appetizer.19800:13:31,920 --> 00:13:32,879The sour bamboo shoot is also an ingredient19900:13:33,160 --> 00:13:35,159for cooking Snail Rice-flour Noodles,20000:13:35,520 --> 00:13:37,479a local snack in Liuzhou.20100:13:46,280 --> 00:13:47,679Ye's sweet bamboo shoots20200:13:47,960 --> 00:13:49,839have reached a respiration peak20300:13:50,920 --> 00:13:53,639two hours after being reaped.20400:13:54,960 --> 00:13:56,119Four hours later,20500:13:56,320 --> 00:13:59,199they will begin to soften and rot.20600:14:01,200 --> 00:14:03,759Ye and his family work faster.20700:14:12,960 --> 00:14:14,399Every day, Ye checks the jarscontaining sour bamboo shoots20800:14:14,760 --> 00:14:16,719before going to sleep.20900:14:17,320 --> 00:14:18,199(Ye Yaliang)21000:14:18,440 --> 00:14:20,799Under the lamp, he checks the processed shoots. 21100:14:22,480 --> 00:14:24,919His son says there will be customers tomorrow.21200:14:25,560 --> 00:14:28,479But the shoots won't be readyfor another 3 days.21300:14:29,360 --> 00:14:31,319Ye plans to turn away the customers.21400:14:39,160 --> 00:14:42,679Bao is cooking soup with winter bamboo shoots.21500:14:44,000 --> 00:14:47,239The salted pork and bamboo shoots,21600:14:48,040 --> 00:14:49,919with a half-and-half proportion,21700:14:50,160 --> 00:14:51,560will be fried before being simmered21800:14:52,320 --> 00:14:55,479in soup stock.21900:14:55,720 --> 00:14:56,920The two flavors melt together.22000:14:58,120 --> 00:15:01,199 Originally, the soup, Pickled Tuk Fresh,22100:15:01,800 --> 00:15:03,359was cooked with Spring bamboo shoots.22200:15:05,360 --> 00:15:07,440But Bao has instead usedSuichang winter bamboo shoot22300:15:08,000 --> 00:15:10,999that is 20 times more expensive.22400:15:11,320 --> 00:15:12,479In his eyes,22500:15:12,720 --> 00:15:15,279the vegetables are common22600:15:15,560 --> 00:15:16,799in his bamboo forest.22700:15:19,880 --> 00:15:21,279Every lunar February,22800:15:21,480 --> 00:15:23,479the spring bamboo shootsucceeds the winter shoot22900:15:23,880 --> 00:15:26,239as the main ingredient for making the soup.23000:15:28,440 --> 00:15:31,319Besides fresh food materials,23100:15:32,080 --> 00:15:34,319some spices used to season delicacies23200:15:34,560 --> 00:15:36,159also come from nature.233。
国家形象宣传片《中国一分钟·地方篇》的成功因素
国家形象宣传片《中国一分钟·地方篇》的成功因素孟妤为庆祝改革开放40周年，从2018年10月1日起，人民日报社新媒体中心与中央网信办移动网络管理局合作，联动各地，推出 《中国一分钟·地方篇》系列微视频。
视频以“一分钟”为维度，全方位呈现祖国的山河魅力，突出地域特色与风土人情，展示各地改革开放发展成果。
目前已播出了黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、四川、湖北、西藏、云南等多地视频。
截至2019年2月25日，新浪微博#中国一分钟#的话题阅读量超过9.4亿人次，参与讨论达46.8万次。
本文将在符号学视域下，解析国家形象宣传片《中国一分钟·地方篇》(后文简称《地方篇》)，分别从其文本构成和符号传播两个角度阐释该宣传片的亮点，并总结国家形象宣传片的成功要素。
一、《地方篇》的文本构成特点符号很少会单独出现，一般总是与其他符号形成组合，如果这样的符号组成一个“合一的表意单元”，就可以称为“文本”。
任何一个文本都会携带大量的社会约定和联系，这些约定和联系往往不显现于文本之中，而只是被文本“顺便”携带着。
[1]（一）快：以“一分钟”为维度的文本风格本次国家形象宣传片一改以往宏观叙事的风格，从微观着手，以 “一分钟”为切入口，以大化小，将宏观数据一一拆解，具象到每一分钟。
一句话说一件事，一件事体现一个现象一分钟的发展变化。
每个视频基本都控制在3分钟之内，而每件事也就只有5秒钟左右的镜头表现。
以“一分钟”为维度，用短时间内的变化来呈现“快”的文本风格。
另外，数据符号的使用弥补了单纯文字表达过于抽象的不足，尤其是在展现中国经济发展的时候，“一分钟”内的数据表达更具有说服力和感染力，从微观层面为受众呈现了一个经济高速发展的中国。
《浦东一分钟》里“一分钟，上海证交所股票成交8.73亿元；一分钟，沪港通成交2422万元；一分钟，每平方公里金融业增加值424元……”“一分钟”的“短”时间概念，与“8.73亿元”“2422万元”“424元”这些“大”数据概念形成强烈对比，为受众展现了一个经济上突飞猛进、瞬息万变的浦东新区。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
In October 2003, the first Chinese citizen saw his homeland from outer space and the mythology and dreams of thousands of years became a reality.2003年10月，中国人第一次从外太空亲眼看到了自己的国家，那数千年的神话和畅想，变成了真实的注视Our songs of how the earth is our garden and our pride in surviving our long history suddenly became more vivid and clear.那些关于地球是个家园的歌颂关于自己在漫长历史里生存下来的骄傲这时刻比别的时候更加清晰具体中国CHINAWho are the Chinese? 我们是谁What makes us who we are? 我们在想什么But even before this momentous chapter in our history, Chinese people have always regarded themselves from multi-faceted angles.早在创造中国历史的这一刻之前，中国人也从未中断过从其他角度审视自己的国家。
Is tradition a burden or kind of a driving force for development?传统是一种背负还是一种推动发展的动力Do we take our cultural heritage too seriously or not seriously enough?文化的传承是太受到关注，还是太漫不经心Do you see conflict or fusion, nostalgia or visions of the future？你看到的是冲突还是融合，是回忆还是未来？Opening the door with confidence开放而有自信30年前，一扇世界上最的的窗户打开了……这个国家，旋即迎接了令人眼花缭乱的变化 In 1979, China opened the biggest window in the world to the outside and China suddenly dazzled people with the panorama of change. 或许有人认为，在这样巨大的物质和信息刺激下，想保持镇定都非常困难Some may argue under such huge material andmental stimulation, it would be hard to maintain equilibrium.在我心目中，中国是一个包容性非常强的国家In my mind, China is a country that has very strong inclusiveness.她是一个很有文化的一个国家She is a country with rich culture.又有历史的沧桑感，但是又在日新月异的变化着She has a long history, but also changes everyday..但是接下来30年间发生的事情，却让全世界都看到一个有着悠久历史底蕴的文化在面临全新变革之时，能够展现出怎样的包容性和应变能力But after 30 years, the world hasseen how much China’s profound history and cultural essence has given, lead us to flexibility and unity when facing fast transformation.(龙永图 WTO谈判中国首席代表)：加入世贸以后，整个国力的增强使得中国人更加自信，也更加开放After China’s accession to the WTO,Chinese people are getting more and more confident because of the increasing national strength.人们不得不承认，中国在和全世界接轨的同时，保持着自己鲜明的特色Observers mustadmit in its meeting with the world, China has preserved its own special character. 30年开放，30年面对新事物而勇敢无畏，自信地选择着适合自己国情和民情的发展道路。
Thirty years of opening has been a time of bravely facing the new and stepping forward on a path of our own choosing. 近年来多次海内外专业机构的调研都可以显示，民众信心指数一项，中国多次排在世界第一。
Several respective international polls rank us No.1 in terms of public confidence in the future.自信的背后，是GDP的支持，还是千年文明的底气，还是亿万份努力的投入？Is this confidence underpinned by GDP growth or thousands of years of culture or the efforts of many millions of people? 相信不用太久中国就会交出答案。
We believe China will deliver an answer before too long.Growth with sustainability增长而能持续早在两千多年前，中国的哲人孟子就提出了不要过度捕捞鱼虾，这样才可以不断得到鱼虾；要按严格的时令进山伐木，这样才能有利于森林的生长。
Over two thousands of yearsago, the great Chinese philosopher Mencius observed, “a refraining from overfishing will ensure fishing last forever, and also cutting wood according to the season ensures healthier forest.”这类思想，如今被称作循环经济Such century-resulted wisdom now goesby the name “sustainable development”在今天的中国，你可以看见GDP的增长，收入的增长，甚至梦想的增长。
In China today, you can see GDP increasing, personal income increasing, and with that the increase of people’s dreams. 也可以看到更多人享受着教育的增长You can also see people sharing the increase in educational opportunities.中国近几年教育发展的可以用天翻地覆来形容Recently ,the development of Chinese education is amazing在逐步的完成从应试教育到素质教育的转变。
The exam-oriented education is changing to quality-oriented education step by step.我们的教学越来越丰富，我们的孩子得到的教育也越来越多元化。
It will be more and more kinds of method for teaching and our children will get diversified education 能源的增长，以及责任心的增长。
As energy needs have increased, so has China’s international environmental responsibility. 中国人已经懂得，任何增长也不值得拿牺牲自己美丽的家园和后代的未来来换。
Chinese people know that our beautiful country and our children’s futures are too high a price to pay for economic growth.Development with sharing发展而能共享很难说出这是欧洲的什么地方吧A leading European city? 这里是上海。
It’s actually Shanghai. 出现在中国街头的外国人中，游客正在被大批真正在中国生活和工作的外籍人士所取代。
In China today, foreign professionals are arriving with tourists to be the largest overseas group.(M)我因为商业贸易每年来中国两次，感受到中国人都非常好……I came here twice a year for businesses, and feel Chinese people are very nice...government...(M) 社会保障制度也越来越完善……Social insurance system is also improving... Multiculturalism with shared prosperity多元而能共荣While living some 5.000 km apart, the 55 ethnic minorities in the far North, South, East, West of China, over thousands of years, have mixed with Han culture and added to our cultural richness and diversity. Our new-found prosperity has given minorities more choices to enhance traditional lifestyles and increase mobility and communication. Minorities enjoy relative liberal regulations allowing them to pass their unique heritage on to their children. Such unique freedom further adds to our country’s rich cultural diversity and odditiously blends the imaginations of east and west, ancient and modern.Painting, sculpture, music, architecture, movies, Chinese arts are unified by a clear national identity. China is more encouraging of unique individuals and styles. Such diversity is the corner stone of our brave and open-minded future.Freedom with responsibilityChina today is home to 780.000.000 mobile phone users and 420.000.000 Internet users. And everyday many millions communicate and express themselves to a modern technology. Chinese netizens are becoming accustomed to influencing regional and global opinions.From all over the globe, Chinese netizens are showing their instant compassion and eagerness to strengthen the society by helping those most in need.Our people’s optimism and generosity is born of huge loyalty and love for their country.Expanding democracy with stable authorityUnderstanding a little of Chinese history shows that recent years have involved compression or even skipping over important stages of development. Heroes of China have always struggled during complex s tages of development to build democracy. It’s not hard to imagine how hard this has been. Today around 900.000.000 people in the Chinese countryside enjoy village voting rights. The world applauds such training for democracy. After all, before flourishing nationally, free elections must begin at the village level. The National People’s Congress remains China’s supreme legislate body. Since the late 1970s, far fair and more transparent margin elections have been used to elect NPC delegates. Here the most important decisions in the country are made.This is China’s period of greatest change. A proper legal framework is starting to replace the habit of personal relationships as the principle weapon and defense the people’s interests.Economic differences with mutual respectDuring an economic takeoff, difference between rich and poor can sometimes be seen. Is this something Chinese should worry about? Much Chinese new wealth calls a rags-to -riches story.And people remember, not so long ago, they had only a dream in their pocket. People can transform from poverty to richness in a single day but it will never change the respect and love between people. And everyone who has a dream deserves respect. Improved living conditions ensure everyone can contribute to public service initiatives.Prosperity with prudenceChinese people are shifting from being consumers of materials to non-material goods. Besides buying cars and houses, people are buying a modern life style.As saving money has long been a national virtue, China can back its development with strong financial reserves. When celebrating China’s 60th anniversary, the government also demonstrated the value of thrifty. The Shanghai Expo is similarly leading the way in recycling.Chinese people understand future happiness must be built on the foundation of the past. Chinese people have never cherished their cultural heritage more than today, nor felt more its lingering charm which is why after so many generations we are still here. From tradition to revelation, inspired by the future, Chinese people are creating an even newer way of thinking: building this generation’s new common spirit.。