现在分词讲解

二、现在分词的结构含义
1.现在分词的主动式的一般式和完成式。一般式
用来指和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为； 完成式（having + 过去分词）用来指在谓语动词 所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：
Being
a student, he was interested in books.
Hale Waihona Puke Having
Though it rained heavily, it cleared up very soon.
四、用主动表达被动含义的动词
1、某些表示内在品质和性能的不及物动词的非进行体 形式，如：lock(锁)， open(开), clean（弄干净, move（移动）, wash（洗）, sell（卖）, write（写）, weigh（称重）, measure（量）, read（读）, shut （关）, break（打碎）, ride（骑）, wear（穿）, add up（加起来）等等, 句中往往用物作主语，且与一个行 为方式状语（常用作行为方式状语的副词有：well, easily, long, fast, smoothly, rough等等）连或用于否 定，表示某物展示出的该动作的某一特性，该特性促使 动作得以实现或难以实现。例如： Glass breaks easily. 玻璃易打碎。 My pen writes smoothly. 我的钢笔好写。 This kind of car sells very well. 这种车销路很好。 The material won’t wear. 这种材料不经久耐用。
1.语态 时态 含义：（主动与被动， 一般时与 完成时， 时间状语， 原因状语， 方式/伴随状 语 ，条件状语， 结果状语，让步状语） 2.主语一致性： 分词语态与主句主语一致 3.避免重复连词 4.否定词位置 5.有些动词是被动结构主动含义 6.有些动词分词作为插入语 7.Being done不做状语
B.作原因状语：
Knowing _________(know) her address, we could get in touch with her. Because we knew her address, we could get in touch with her.
C.方式/伴随状语; She watched the film, _______ (weep ) and weeping _______ sighing (sigh). She watched the film, while she wept and sighed D.作条件状语： ________ (play) all day, you will waste your Playing valuable time. If you play all day, you will waste your valuable time.
A.作时间状语： ___________ (wander) through the square, I Wandering caught sight of a snake-charmer. While I was wandering through the square, I caught sight of a snake-charmer.

2、某些表状态的联系动词，如
look, smell, taste, feel, sound等等，它通常以形容词作表语， 一般不跟副词，不与to be连用。
4.作状语

主语一致性 动词的现在分词和过去分词形式都 可以引导一个分词短语作句子的状语。一般来说， 不管用现在分词还是过去分词作状语，分词的逻 辑主语都应当与句子的实际主语保持一致。如：
1.Hearing the news, his tears rolled down his face. 错 When he heard the news, his tears rolled down his face.
〒 In
the years that followed
【注】分词作前置定语(不同含义）
1.下列由动词变成形容词化的分词表达不同的含义。V-ing表示他 人他物令人感到怎么样。V-ed本身自己感到怎么样。
interesting , interested ;exciting, excited; annoying, annoyed; amazing, amazed; amusing, amused ; astonishing, astonished; boring, bored; confusing, confused; disappointing, disappointed; encouraging, encouraged; embarrassing, embarrassed ; frightening, frightened; inspiring, inspired
【注】：“have
+ 宾语 + 现在分词”表示主体 使客体处于某状态或干什么事；“have + 宾语 + 过去分词”表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志 无关。如：
He
had his clothes washed. （他叫别人洗了衣服。）
We
had the fire burning all day. （我们使火燃烧了一整天。）
studied in university for 3 years, he knows the way very well.
2.现在分词的被动式的一般式和完成式。当句子
的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语式； 如果强调分词的动作先于谓语的动作，就用分词 完成式被动形式。如：

The question being discussed is important. Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.
分词作定语相当于定语从句 (1).The boy sitting under that tree is my brother. The boy who is sitting under that tree is my brother.
I know the people building the house there. I know the people who are building the house there
He had a ________ (terrifying, terrified) look in terrified his eyes. The boy answered in a ________ (frightening, frightened frightened) voice.
His son was disappointing . The old man felt unhappy. His son was disappointed , so he regretted not having prepared much for the test.

E.作结果状语：(意料中的结果) shooting The hunters fired, __________(shoot) one of the wolves. 区别: 不定式表示意外的结果
He hurried to the station, only _______ (find) to find the train had left. F.作让步状语： ________ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon. Raining
The building completed last month is a bank
The building that was completed last month is a bank
The house being built over there is a shop. 被动,正在 建 The house that is being built over there is a shop. The house built over there is a shop. （被动、已建好） The house that is built over there is a shop.
2

作表语。如：
The news is inspiring.
3.作宾语补足语。如：

We saw the teacher making the experiment. 注意：在see，hear，watch，fell，observe，have， notice等动词后，既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语，也 可以用不定式构成复合宾语，但两者的含义是有区别的， 用现在分词，表示动作正在发生（即处于发生的过程中， 还没有结束），用不定式表示动作发生了（即动作全过 程结束了）。如： I saw the girl getting on the bus. I saw the girl get into the car and drive off.
China is a developing country. America is a developed country.
(发展中的) （发达的）
正在沸腾的 boiling water 已经沸腾过的 boiled water 正在凋谢的 fading flowers 已经凋谢的 faded flowers 快要淹死的 a drowning man 已经淹死的 a drowned man 正在飘落的树叶 falling leaves 落叶 fallen leaves 退休工人 a retired worker an escaped prisoner 逃犯 returned students 归国留学生
错 2.Watered in time, he could grow the flower better than before. Watering the flower in time, he could grow the flower better than before. Watered in time, the flower could grow better than before.
现在分词用法归纳
知识提纲
一、现在分词的结构 二、现在分词的结构含义 三、现在分词的句法功能
四、独立主格结构
五、现在分词的主动表被动含义
一、现在分词的结构
主动形式 一般式 完成式 doing 被动形式 being done
having done
having been done
否定式 ：在现在分词的前面直接加not
【注】：being done 不能作状语 having been done 不能作定语

三、现在分词的句法功能
分词不管充当什么成分，都和所修饰的名词或者
代词或者句子的主语形成主谓关系。 1.作定语 分词短语作定语时，分词短语放在被修饰的名词 之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之 前。相当于定语从句。如： The man standing by the windows is our teacher. （standing 和所修饰的man形成主谓关 系） 〒 who is standing by the windows In the following years he worked even harder.
2.有些形容词化的分词表到不同的含义。V-ing表示动作正在进行。 V-ed表示动作已完成，不表被动。 rising/risen, falling/fallen, developing /developed , changing/ changed, fading /faded, boiled/ boiling ,drowning/ drowned