高考英语概要写作

上海高考英语题型训练：概要写作

概要写作是在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文的中心思想，体裁和结构的前提下，省去细节，用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩地概况文章的主要内容和观点。注意只需要用不同语言复述原文主旨，不能加入自己的观点。

I helped an old man in rags who lost his way,

Main point: I helped an old man. Details: in rags, who lost his way.

概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，题材不限，一般以议论文说明文或者记叙文为主，要求考生写出一篇60词以内的内容概要。完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤。

1，读懂原文，找出段落主题句，概况全文中心思想。在阅读过程中，需要准确把握文章的段落大意，剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构。

2，组织语言，对主题句和中心思想同义替换表达。在转换改写中，注重语言表达的独立性和准确性以及高级性，不照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字去表达重要的内容。

3，找出恰当的关联词，连贯全文。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，关注文章内部逻辑，关注一切有转承关系的连接词，尤其是一些副词，比如，however, besides, in addition, therefore, instead等。

为写好概要写作，在平时的阅读中，应注意：

1，培养抓中心句、概况中心思想的习惯。

2，掌握句型转换方法，学会用不同的语法结构表达同一个主题。

3，积累同义替换词和连接词。

Summary Writing Direction: Read the following passage. Sammarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Unit 1,

A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colors and various shapes.

There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range, of natural and artificial foods—paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton，other insects, plants and animals Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.

Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.

Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective color. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised(伪装) like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen (青苔),a seed or some other natural object Some insects use bright, bold colors to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison. Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.

参考答案：Insects are expert at surviving than all other animal species for following reasons. First, their amazing adaptable ability allows them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments / situation. Moreover, insects have a great reproductive ability. The third reason is that they can use protective colors to protect them from their enemies.

Unit 2,

Have you ever been involved in animal rescue? This is what happened to the Winter the dolphin. Winter was found off the coast of Florida in December of 2005. She was just a few months old, alone, and caught in a crab trap. The ropes from the trap were wrapped tightly around her body.

The fisherman who found her called for help, and the rescue team soon arrived. The ropes had cut off the blood circulation to her tail. She was badly hurt. Her rescuers didn't think she would survive. Hoping for a miracle and racing against time to save her, the rescuers transferred her to the Clearwater Marine Aquarium in Florida.

The doctors managed to save Winter, but sadly, not her tail. Her tail flukes were too damaged and had to be removed so Winter could live.

The little dolphin Winter survived against all odds, but she would never be able to swim normally without a tail. Thankfully the story doesn't end here. Winter was able to swim, but not very well. Because she didn't have a tail. She moved her body in a side-to-side motion like a shark. But doctors at the aquarium were worried that unconventional moment would hurt her spine.

Kevin Car roll heard Winter’s sto ry and thought he could help. He is a specialist who designs and provides prostheses for people. If he could help people, why not help a dolphin? He started working with Winter and came up with a solution for the new fluke and tail section

Kevin designed a stretchy sleeve to fit winter’s body and protect her skin. Then a tail made of silicone and plastic was made to tightly fit over the sleeve. Now winter can swim like other dolphins. And she is a great inspiration to people who struggle with their own injuries.

参考答案：A dolphin Winter was found trapped in ropes by a fisherman. Badly injured, she had to be transferred to an aquarium where doctors saved her but her damaged tail was removed. Luckily, a specialist Kevin designed an artificial tail for her. She swims normally again, which inspires people fighting with injuries. (51words) Unit 3,

Take Care of Your Spine (脊柱) The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Therefore, it’s important to take care of it.

Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping