钱塘江涌潮流速研究

第35卷第5期海洋工程V ol.35N o.5 2017 年 9 月THE OCEAN ENGINEERING Sep. 2017

文章编号：1005-9865 (2017) 05-0033-09

钱塘江涌潮流速研究

潘存鸿1，2，潘冬子1，2，鲁海燕1，2，谢东风1，2，张沈阳3

(1.浙江省水利河口研究院，浙江杭州310020; 2.浙江省海洋规划设计研究院，浙江杭州310020; 3.浙江省河海测绘院，浙江杭州310008)

摘要:涌潮流速是涌潮的重要特征，一直深受涌潮研究者的关注。21世纪以来，随着声学剖面流速仪的使用，涌潮流速观测 有了突破性的进展。本文收集了 2003年以来9次钱塘江涌潮流速观测资料，结合理论分析和数值模型计算成果，分析了影响 涌潮流速的因素、涌潮流速时空分布规律。结果表明：影响涌潮流速的微观因素主要有涌潮髙度和陡度、潮前流速和潮前水 深、风速风向等;在涌潮河段，最大流速即为最大涌潮流速，与当地潮差呈良好的正相关关系；在弯道段，涌潮流速在弯道凸岸 大于凹岸;涌潮到达后流速从落潮迅速转化为涨潮，没有明显的憇流现象，且涨潮流速过程存在多峰现象;涌潮垂向流速基本 上比纵向流速小1个量级，在涌潮时段垂向流速相对较大。

关键词:钱塘江河口；涌潮;涌潮流速;时空分布;影响因素

中图分类号:TV143 文献标志码：A DOI:10.16483/j.iwn. 1005-9865.2017.05.004

Study on velocity of tidal bore in Qiantang Estuary

P A N C u nh ong1，2，P A N D o n g zi1，2，LU H a iy a n1，2，X IE D ongfeng1，2，Z H A N G Shenyang3

(1. Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary，Hangzhou 310020，China；2. Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design，Hangzhou 310020，China; 3. Zhejiang Surveying Institute of Estuary and Coast，Hangzhou 310008，China)

Abstract：The tidal bore velocity is one of the important indexes of the tidal bore，to which much attention has been paid. Since the 21st century，the observations on tidal bore velocity have a breakthrough by use of Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP). In this paper，based on the data of tidal bore velocity collected from 9 times field work since 2003，the theoretical analysis and the computational results of numerical models，the influence factors and space-time distribution of tidal bore velocity are analyzed. The results show that the major micro influence factors of the tidal bore velocity are the height and steepness of tidal bore，the ebb velocity and depth ahead of the tidal bore，wind speed and direction，etc. In the tidal bore section of the river，the maximum flow velocity is the maximum tidal bore velocity，and a good positive correlation to the local tidal range. In the bend section of the river，tidal bore velocity near the convex bank is greater than that near the concave bank. After tidal bore arrival，velocity of ebb tide rapidly becomes that of flood tide with no obvious slack water phenomenon，and there is a multimodal phenomenon in the flood velocity process. The vertical flow velocity is larger in the tidal bore period，which is around one order of magnitude smaller than its longitudinal velocity. Keywords：Qiantang estuary; tidal bore; tidal bore velocity; spatial and temporal distribution; influence factors

钱塘江河口以涌潮闻名古今中外。平面上喇叭形的杭州湾，以及纵向上庞大的钱塘江沙坎，使潮波浅水效应显著，在尖山河段形成涌潮。钱塘江涌潮是世界独特的自然景观和宝贵的旅游资源，但也是引起钱塘江两岸毁堤成灾、涉水建筑物破坏的主要原因之一。为保护钱塘江涌潮这一宝贵的自然资源，同时缓解乃至消收稿日期：2017-02-08

基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（51379190;41306082)

作者简介:潘存鸿（1963-),男，浙江宁波人，博士，教授级高级工程师,主要从事河口海岸水动力学、泥沙、水环境研究

E-mail：panch@