国际商务英语词汇

English
inquiry
offer
counter-offer
acceptance
commercial invoice
commission
discount
FOB
CIF
CFR
CPT
CIP
firm offer
UNCCISG
material alteration
sales contract/confirmation specifications
shipping marks
consignment
force majeure
shipping documents
consignee
c/o
commercial inspection
export licence
insurance policy
forwarder
notifying bank
irrevocable L/C
expiry date
transshipment
beneficiary
international settlement usance L/C
bill of lading
chief mate
bank negotiation
to present shipping documents draft / bill of exchange drawer of a draft
drawee of a draft
acceptance of a draft confirming bank
sale on open account
default payment
cash flow
marketing
nonprofit organization consumer research
stimulation
facilitation
publics' demand
after-sale service
surplus items
mass production
specialization
production era of marketing production capabilities
sales era of marketing
marketing department era
intense competition
marketing company era
aggressive marketing practices critical factor
social and economic justification revenue generation
marketing environment
controllable factors uncontrollable factors
top management
quantity discounts
overall objectives
inventory management
corporate culture
time orientation
level of innovation
promotions from within
target market
marketing organiztion
brand loyalty
marketing mix
differential advantage
market segments
functional
product-oriented
product offerings
price structure
promotional activities
distribution system
independent media
consumer characteristics occupation
head-on competition
monopoly
oligopoly
monopolistic competition
pure competition
consumerism
nationalism
inflation
interest rates
discontent with pollution
interest in physical fitness
self service
open display
convenience store
finalconsumer
organizational consumer household use
for resale
target marketing
narrowing-down process
total market
segmentation
subsets of customers
law of diminishing demand
fast-growing markets
start-up costs
age distribution
buying pattern
disposable income
after-tax income
discretionary income
working women
regular retail hours
time-saving appliances
two-earner families
personal income
purchasing power
real income
nonessentials
luxury goods
undifferentiated marketing concentrated marketing differentiated marketing product attributes
per-unit profit
specialized markets
demand clusters
market positioning
develop a marketing budget allocate marketing resources sales forecast
trend analysis
jury of executive opinion sales force surveys
chain-ratio method
market buildup method statistical analysis
market penetration diversification
price elasticity of demand delayed purchase
air fare
price conscious
price shopper
brand-loyal customer
status seeker
convenience shopper
purchase determinant
discount stores
price sensitivity
horizontal price fixing
vertical price fixing
brand image
rebates
coupons
guarantees
delivery
cost justified
cumulative purchases
predatory pricing
loss leader
non-sale items
price discrimination
inflated prices
bait-and-switch advertising
moderate competition
public utilities
well-differentiated goods and services mark-up pricing
the same line of business
speed turnover
the same line of business
cost-oriented pricing
experience curve pricing
target return pricing
return on investment
break-even analysis
fixed cost
variable cost
total revenue
loss leader pricing
odd-even pricing
prestige pricing
demand-backward pricing complementary product pricing
bid pricing
non-cummulative quantity discounts cash discounts
list price
advertising allowances
stocking allowances
push money allowances
trade-in allowance
strategic planning
tactical planning
contingency planning
managerial objectives
resources allocation
revenue and expense budgets
task force
customer organization
geographic structure
marketing control
profit oriented
revenue-related objectives
sales volume
sales share
absolute terms
sales territory
customer type
product category
matching concept
accounting information
marketing audit
past performance
marketing resources
financial statements
GDP(gross domestic product) GNP
BOP(balance of payments)
citizen
resident
payments to and receipts from …current account
capital account
exchange rate
equilibrium demand and supply deficit
dividents
management fees
interest payments
royalties
merchandise trade
gold standard
investment income
mercantilism
the flow of species
mercantilist obsession
payments surplus
imbalances
pegged exchange rate
price-species-flow mechanism elasticity approach
gold circulation
monopoly group
paper currency circulation devaluation
inelastic demand
revaluation
economic depression
monetary value
disequilibrium
financial markets
international capital flow financial assets
economic and financial transactions
assets
liabilities
double-entry bookkeeping principle
credit and debit
credit entries
debit entries
inflow of foreign exchange
loss of foreign exchange
unreported transactions
inconsistencies in reporting
errors and ommissions
statistical discrepency
the value of trade
unilateral transfer
factors of production
transportation services
hotel accommodations
balance in invisible
intangible items
foreign securities
equity interests
FDI
portfolio investment
foreign loans
long-term commitmment of funds
stocks
bonds
maturity of more than one year
government notes
deposits
foreign currencies
arithmetic equilibrium
official reserve account
convertible currencies
SDR (Special drawing right)
deposits at IMF (International Monetary Fund) external buying power
foreign exchange buffering policy
adjustment of foreign exchange rate
direct control of exchange rate
government mandated quotas
trade balance
trade surplus
trade deficit
rapidly declining US dollor
appreciation and depreciation of a currency artificially undervalued yuan
structural imbalance
high degree of complementarity
price elastic
logistics
supply chain management
physical distribution
integration
point of origin
manufacturing
final consumer
point of consumption
information flow
material flow
professional literature
documentation flow
returns
inventory management
order handling
warehouse site selection
salvage scrap disposal
distribution center
DC
inbound and outbound logistics
production scheduling
cost-price squeeze
finished goods
component parts
expendable supplies
economic value or utility
common carrier
contract carrier
company-owned equipment
warehousing
inventory obsolescence
inventory capital costs
freight transportation
regional warehouses
packing methods and materials
mode of transportation
location of inventory
total cost of performing physical distribution cost and service control
functional units
traffic manager
divided responsibility
cost reduction
delegated functions
large quantity shipments by truckloads suboptimization
inventory accumulation
coordinate and integrate the resposibility
on the part of top management
ready availability of inventory
maximum service
unreasonable cost
in light of competition
incur excessive costs
inventory depreciation
inventory location
comparable levels of service
maintenance of regional warehouses
time lag
order origination
merchandise delivery
operations research
systems concept
model concept
experimentation
preliminary testing of alternatives
electronic data
information flow time
material flow time
recent developments
impending improvements
airfreight industry
mass acceptance
routine mover of freight
premium means of transportation
passenger operations
top priority
incidental
deterrents
conceive of physical distribution as an integrated whole airfreight rates
time and place utility of products
automatic ordering
inventory replenishment
competitive advantage
organizational changes
optimization of the integrated whole
alternative mixes of cost elements
replenishment time
communications
lead time
containers
piggyback service
back haul
wholesale
retail
hardware stores
department stores
discount stores
food stores
channel jumping
scrambled merchandising
raw material and finished inventory replenishment
sheer magnitude of expenditure
untapped opportunities
interdepartmental control
beyond legal boundaries of individual firms specialized enterpries
expensive duplication
loosely aligned
elimination of middlemen
intermediaries
disintermediation
cost centers
flow of transaction-creating efforts flow of physical fulfillment efforts physical exchange
exchange intermediaries
marketing specialists
physical distribution specialists
factory branch office
economic justification
limit stocks to display models
direct shipment from distributor's
mail-order industry
minimization of exchange expenses channel fuctions
assorting of finished goods
one-way movement
be subject to scrutiny
adjustment
transfer
storage
handling
communications
concentration
sorting
dispersement
custom offerings
margin for error
carriage risks
temporal and spatial value
in anticipation of future transaction depreciative factor
buyer's market
idle inventory
inventory risk
container and unitized loads
stimulus
response
feedback
monitor progress
disproportionate spread of risk
vested interest
persuasion or coercion
innovative specialization
risk spreading
super-organization management
individual profit orientation
motivation of conflict and cooperation mimimum transfer
maximim postponement in adjustment minimum massed reserves
holding of homogeneous concentrated lots ability to adjust custom assortments
remolding established assortments
ancillary costs
inventory support
central supply
erratic demand
channel-wide considerations
differentiation of goods
postpone change in form, identity and inventory location produce to order
speculation principle
large-scale economies
stock-out
HR
human resources management
labor markets
upholstery operation
R&D facility
international mobility
shortage of needed skills
management styles
strain relations between headquarters and subsidiary personnel transfer practices
national orientations
global interests
distance and diversity
managerial transfer
locals
nationals
expatriates
headquartered country
home-country
acute shortage
qualified candidates
moving expenses
settling-in expenses
storage expenses
legal impediments
licensing requirements
immigration restrictions
foreign assignment
technical competence
technical necessities
foreign variations
criteria
adaptiveness
self-maintanance
stress reduction
host nationals
cognitive skills
direct of transfer costs
costs of lost performance
disruption of current way of living
personal support system
fixed duration
short-term decisions
longer-term implications
negative stereotypes
management recruitment and selection capable nationals
new hires
centralized personnel record system demographic data
company-administered tests
domestic transfers
previous international experience
extensive interviews
management of the home
marital stress
rigorous procedure
acquisitions
staffing arrangement
primary allegiance to …
plan manpower needs
as reference
labor-saving devices
labor intensive
appropriate technology
capital intensive
obsolete equipment
factor endowment
cost efficient
engineering bias
output per persion
critical unemployment problems
shortage of workers
remittances home
value of exports
expell foreigners
job opportunities
homogeneous culture
mobilize capital, technology and management migrant workers
previously unoccupied areas
remote parts of the globe
housing
infrastructure
social services
influx of temporaries
ethnic seperation perpetuated
comparative labor relations
sociopolitical environment
collective bargaining
marked class difference
perceived involvement in a class struggle labor demands
adversary process
adversarial relationship
nonunion operations
vote in blocs
national legislation
mediation
impartial party
labor court
government-chosen arbitrators
national unions
close company affiliation
protection from closures and redunduncy proposed layoffs
shifts in production location
cessation of operations
prenotification
lifetime employment custom
parttime workers
workers on the payroll
codetermination
board of directors
veto power
minimum wage rates
minimal effect
divided workers
strong stances
询盘
发盘
还盘
受盘
商业发票
佣金, 回扣
贴现
Free on Board 船上交货价格, 离岸价格
Cost，Insurance and Freight 到岸价格，成本、运费加保险价
成本加运费
运费付至
运费保险费付至（指定目的地） （CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO NAMED PLACE OF DESTINATION
实盘
United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods》联合国国际货物销售合同公实质性修改
销售确认书
规格
唛头----货运标志
托运货物
不可抗力
装运货单
收货人，货运人
原厂地证明书 certificate of original place
商品检验
出口证明
保险单
货代（货运代理）
通知银行
不可撤销信用证
过期日
转运
受益人
国际结算
远期信用证
提货单
大副
银行议付
提货单
汇票
汇票开票人
汇票受票人
接受报价
保兑银行
赊销
支付违约
现金流
市场营销
非盈利团体
消费者调查
激励
便利
公众需求
批量生产
专门化，分工
工业化的开始，供不应求生产力
销售时代
供大于求
激烈竞争
供求平衡
积极的市场实践*
关键因素
社会经济调整
税收
营销环境
可控因素
不可控因素
高级管理层
批量折扣
总体目标
库存管理
企业文化
时间定向
创新水平*
内部提拔
目标市场
市场营销组织
品牌忠诚度
营销组合
差别优势
市场细分
功能性
产品导向
产品样品*
价格结构
促销活动
分配制度
独立媒体
消费者特征
职业
正面竞争
垄断
寡头
垄断竞争
完全竞争
消费主义
民族主义
通货膨胀
利率
对污染的不满*
关注身体健美*
自助服务
开架展示
便利店
家用
用于再销售
目标行销
缩小范围方法*
市场总量
细分
消费者子集
需求递减规律
迅速增长的市场
筹备(开办)费用
年龄分布
购买模式
可支配收入，税后所得税后收入
可随意支配收入
职业女性
常规零售时间
省时的电气用具
双职工家庭
个人收入
购买力
实际收入
非必需品
奢侈品
无差异营销
集中营销
差异化营销
产品属性
单位时间利润
专业化市场
需求群体
市场定位
制定营销预算
分配营销资源
销售预测
趋势分析
行政治理人员群体意见法销售人员调查
连比法
市场组合法
统计分析
市场渗透
多元化
需求价格弹性
延迟购买
航空费用
价格敏感性
购买者
品牌忠诚顾客
地位追求者
追求便利的购物者
购买决定因素
横向价格固定
纵向价格固定
品牌形象
折扣
优惠券
抵押品
送货
成本合理
累计购买
掠夺式定价
亏本出售商品
非买品
价格歧视
飞涨价格
诱转广告
适度竞争
公共设施
分化良好的商品和服务加成定价法
相同的经营业务
加快周转率
相同的经营业务
成本导向定价法
经验曲线定价
目标收益定价
投资回报
损益两平分析
固定成本
可变成本
总收入
亏本产品定价
零头定价法
声望定价
需求倒退定价法
互补定价法
招标定价
非累积数量打折
现金折扣
价目表
广告折让
上架费
积极推销费
折价贴换，以旧换新战略规划
策略规划
应急计划
管理目标
资源分配
收入和支出预算
任务小组
消费者组织
利润导向
既定收入目标
销售额
销售份额
绝对价值
销售地区
客户类型
产品类别
配比原则
会计信息
营销审计
以往业绩
营销资源
财务报表
国内生产总值
国民生产总值gross national product 国际收支平衡表
公民
居民
支付和收入
经常项目
资本项目
汇率
平衡供求
赤字
分红
管理费用
利息支付
版税
商品贸易
金本位制
投资收入
重商主义
物价现金流
重商主义情结
（国际）收支盈余
余额
固定汇率
价格物种流动机制
弹性分析法
黄金流通
垄断集团
纸币流通
贬值
非弹性需求
重估
经济衰退
货币价值
不平衡
金融市场
国际资本流动
金融资产
经济金融交易
资产
负债
复式记账原则
信贷和借记
贷方账目
借方账目
外汇流入
外汇损失
未报告的交易
报告不一致
错漏
统计误差
贸易值
无偿转让
生产要素
运输服务
酒店住宿
无形差额
无形项目
外国证券
股本息
外商直接投资
有价证券投资
国外贷款
长期资金承诺
股票
债券
到期超过一年
政府证券
储备
外汇
真正平衡
官方储备金账户
可自由兑换的货币
（国际货币基金组织的）特别提款权国际货币基金储备
对外购买力
外汇缓冲政策
调整外汇率
直接控制汇率
政府授权限额
贸易平衡
贸易盈余
贸易赤字
快速衰退的美元
货币升值和贬值
人为贬值的人民币
结构性失衡
高度的互补性
价格弹性
物流
供应链管理
物流（狭义）
整合
原产地
制造业
最终消费者
消费点
信息流
物料流
专业文献
文件流通
利润
存货管理
订单处理
仓库选址
废弃物处理
配送中心
配送中心
内向物流和外向物流
生产计划
成本价格紧缩
制成品
零部件
易耗品
经济价值或经济效用
普通承运人
合同承运人
公司所有设备
仓储
库存老化
库存资本成本
货运运输
地方库存
包装方式和材料
运输方式
存货地点
实物配送总成本
成本和服务水平的控制功能单位
货运经理
分工负责
削减成本
委托职能
大批量整车出运
局部优化
库存累积
整合与协调责任
就高管理层而言
可分配存货量
尽量满足顾客需求
不合理成本
按照市场竞争情况的考虑支付额外费用
存货贬值
存货地点
可比的服务级别
维护地区仓库
时间差
订单发出
商品运输
运筹研究
系统思想
建模思想
试验田
可选择的初步试验
电子数据
信息流动时间
实物流动时间
最新发展
迫近的提高
空运行业
广泛接受
日常运输工具
最适合运输方式
乘客运作
优先考虑的对象
顺带的小事
妨碍物
将物流配送视为一个整体
空运运价
产品时间地点效用
自动排序
库存补货
竞争优势
组织革新
优化整合
成本因素组合选择
补货时间
通讯
前置期（指从订购到供应商交货所间隔的时间)容器，集装箱，货柜
公铁联运（铁路平车运输）
回程
批发
零售
五金商店
百货商店
折扣店
食品店
渠道跳跃
跨行业销售
原材料与制成品库存补给
支出庞大
未开发的机会
部门之间的控制
公司的法律责任范围
专业公司
昂贵的重复建设
对应不准确、松散的
取消中间商
促成交易流
实物配送流
实物流通
流通中介
营销专家
配送专家
办事处
经济上划算
尽量减少库存，只留样品厂家直运
邮购业务
交易费用最小化
渠道功能
成品分类
单向流动
受到仔细审查
整货
收发
存储
搬运
通讯
集中
分类
分散
客户要求
错误余地
承运风险
即时空间价值
对未来交易的估计
折旧因素
买方市场
闲置的存货
存货风险
单位化装货
信号源，刺激
反应
反馈
监督进度
不成比例分布的风险
既得利益
关系友好或胁迫
专业创新
风险分布
超企管理
个人利益取向
冲突与合作的动机
存货转移最小化
产品调整最大化推迟
集中储备最小化
持有同质部件
中心供应
不稳定需求
全渠道考虑
产品区分
推迟改变存货形态、身份标识和地点按订单生产
推测原则
规模经济
断货
人力资源
人力资源管理
劳动力市场
汽车装潢
研发中心
国际流动
所需技术短缺
管理方式
总部与子公司人事关系紧张
调动
民族主义倾向
全球利益
距离与文化差异
管理人事调动
本地人
本国人
外国人
总部国家
母国
急缺
合格人选
迁移费
安置费
储藏费用
法律障碍
许可要求
入境移民限制
海外作业
技术能力
技术要领
国外的变化
标准
适应性
自保
减压
东道主
认知能力
直接调动费用
业绩下降的损失
现有生活方式的打乱
个人支持系统
高管的聘请和选拔
有能力的国民
新员工
集中的人事记录系统
人口统计数据
公司组织的测试
国内调任
以往的国际工作经验
多方位面试
国内管理
婚姻关系紧张
严格的程序
收购
人事安排
首先效忠于
计划人力需求
作为参考
节省劳力的设备
劳动密集型
合适的技术
资金密集型
过时的设备，陈旧的设备要素禀赋
成本效益
工程倾向
人均产出
严重失业问题
劳工短缺
侨汇
出口创汇
驱逐外国人
就业机会
单一文化
调动资金、技术和管理迁移性工人
聊无人烟的地区
全球偏远地区
住房
基础建设
社会公益服务
临时工的涌入
固化种族隔离
劳资关系比较
社会政治环境
劳资谈判
显著的阶级差异
所谓的插手阶级斗争
劳务需求
对抗方式
对抗关系
仲裁
第三方
劳资法庭
官方仲裁者
国家总工会
严密的公司附属机构破产与裁员保护
计划性裁员
生产布局的切换
业务停止
预先通知工人
终身雇佣制
兼职工
正式员工
劳资协同经营制度董事会
否决权
最低工资水平
最小影响
分工
强硬立场
货物销售合同公约。