希腊神话与文学中的原型

The archetype and western literature

The concept of archetype isindispensable incollective unconscious, it points out that the spirit of the existence of various certain forms. In general, these forms are always exist in anyplace and anytime. That’s the reason why the impact of the archetype in Greek myths on the literature is always there, which guide the literature ofwestern countries into a completely different direction and has great affection on its development. Every time when we study about literature, we can find the traceof the archetype in Greek myths.

There are two kinds, one is that we can find some representatives of these archetypes appear in some articles, or some person who has the characteristics the archetypes have, which is called surface shift. The other one is deep shift,it’s about the Life view, values, cultural viewpoint, love, freedom and human nature and someconceptssmriti from the Greek myths.

In Surface shift(表层移位), there are all kindsof archetypes in the literature. There are many famous heroes in Greek myths who have acquired different maverlous successes, such as the famous story about Argonautica’s heroes, the

story of king Oedipus, the story of Theseus’s getting rid of evil for the people,one of the most famous affairsis the sophocles’s 12 pieces of the great merit.The archetype of hero has great influence on traditionalwestern literary, it not only affects the whole structure of western literary works order but also affect the lofty style of literature and the heroic spirit ofcharacter image.According to different kinds of things they have done, these heroes can be divided into several specific types: pirates hero (such as represented in the gorbachev's hero), drifting hero (such as Odysseus), war hero (such as Achilles), business hero (such as Jason, Odysseus), which represent different archetypes in Greek myths. Thesearchetypes of heroes form thehero theme in western history of literature.The development vein of the western literature is as follows: hero inhistory of Greek myths--medieval knighthero--Renaissance noble hero (suchas Shakespeare)--tramp the heroes- classical heroes in 17th century( such as high in tragedy is the XiDe) - business heroes in 18th century( such as lubinSun)-the civilians heroes in the early 19th century ( such as Stendhal)— hero of psychology experiments inthe late nineteenth

century(such as Dostoevsky" crime and punishment)-- modern heroes20 century, such as kafkaand Joyce.All these different kinds of heroes are developing from these archetypes of heroes. Apart from this, there are also some other kinds of archetypes in Greek myths, Zeus, Athena, Hera, artemis and so on, all of these image in Greek myths also have their archetype in literature.

In deep shift（深层移位）,the literature inherit from the same values toward same things,which is called collective unconscious,maybe the view is not right, but it just because all human beings think it’s right, then it’s right.The ancient Greek culture is a kind of desire typeculture, the person's nature can get the maximum stretch. It encourages human beings to display their human nature, and endorse man’s common life and individual’s value. One of the most typicalpeople isAchilles. In Greek myths, he just doesn’t care about anyone else except the people close to him. He just thought he was insulted, so he won’t go out to fight though so many soldiers died in the field until his good friend died on battle.He is just that kind of person who display his own characteristics. We can alsofind thisin some famous writers’ work. For instance, in