高考英语总复习之语法专项讲解5.doc

2.在句首的数目多用文字表示:

a. One hundred and two voters are against the project.

3.基数词的复数形式多用文字表示:

a. There are three twos in six. 6之内有三个2.

b. He became famous in his fifties.

第五章：冠词

不定冠词

不定冠词用于名词之前, 表示“一个” “一类”.a用于一般名词之前, an用于发音以元音音素开头的词之前(不是以元音字母开头), 如: an apple, an hour, a university.

一.不定冠词的用法:

1.第一次提到某人某事某物时, 用a / an起介绍作用

a. What is he? He is a teacher.

b. There is a new book on the table.

2.概括人或事物的整体, 表示一类, 即以其中的一个代表一类时用a / an

a. A bike is very useful in the countryside.

b. An elephant is stronger than a horse.

3.a / an用于某些词组, 是词组不可缺少的组成部分, 如: go out for a walk, a long time, a few, a mouthful, have a talk, as a result, in a hurry

4.a表示“每一”之意, 用于表示时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前, 如: three times a day每天三次

a. The eggs are five yuan a dozen.

b. We have English lessons five times a week.

5.a用于抽象名词之前表示具体介绍. “a+抽象名词”起具体化的作用, 表示“一个什么样的人/事/物”

a. This little boy is a joy to his parents.

b. This book is a great help to me.

c. The party is a great success.

d. It is a pleasure to talk with you.

6.用在称呼之前, 表示“某个”, 如: a Mr. Wang一个姓王的人

7.and连接两个名词, 若分别加a / an, 表示两个人或物; 若只在第一个名词前加a / an, 则表示一个人或物, 如: a black and white horse一匹黑白相间的马; a black and a white horse一匹黑马和一匹白马;

a. He a teacher and writer.他是位教师兼作家

8.在“of a / an +名词”结构中, a / an表示“同一个”意思, 相当于the same

a. He and I are of an age.他和我同龄

b. The two pairs of shoes are of a size.两双鞋同尺码

二.不定冠词的位置: 一般情况下, 不定冠词a / an位于其他形容词之前, 但在下列情况下, 不定冠词后移

1.a / an位于such, many, what, half等词之后

a. Half a month has passed.

b. He is such a nice man. / He is so nice a man.

2.在有些感叹句中, a / an位于形容词之后

a. How nice a man you are !

3.在形容词比较句中

a. He is as great a man as ever lived.

b. This is more valuable an idea than the others.

4.副词too, quite, rather等修饰形容词时, a位于该副词之后

a. That is quite a sudden change.

b. We got rather a surprising result. (也可以说: a rather surprising result)

定冠词

一.不用定冠词的地方:

1.复数可数名词或不可数名词表示一般意义而不特指具体的人或事物时, 不用the

a. Horses are animals.

b. I like flowers.

c. Milk is white.

d. Mr. Smith likes to have rice for dinner.

e. Chairs are usually made of wood.

2.国名,人名前不用the, 如: China, Japan, Mary, Henry

3.在表示称呼的名词(与人名,专有名词连用)之前不用the, 如: Mr. Brown, Miss Green

4.在表示公园,火车站的名词前不用the, 如: Beihai park, Zhongshan Park, Beijing Railway Station

5.在表示三餐的名词之前不用the

a. Let’s go out to dinner.

6.表示职务,头衔的名词在句中作同位语,补语,表语时, 其前不用the

a. He is elected monitor of our class.

b. People elected him president of that country last year.

7.在某些习惯用语中的名词前不用the, 以具体名词表示抽象概念, 如: at home, at first, by bus, by train, go to bed, go to school, in bed, in time

a. The thief was thrown into prison.

b. Before I go to bed, I’d like to have a cup of tea.

c. Shall we go by plane or by train?

d. The teacher asked us not to talk to each other in class.

8.在表示体育运动, 娱乐活动的名词前不用the, 如: play basketball / football, play chess, play cards, play piano

9.在表示日期, 星期, 月份, 季节, 节假日等时间的名词之前不用the.

a. We have class from Monday to Saturday.

b. Does your brother like skating in winter?

c. March is the third month of a year.

10.当名词前己有指示代词( this, that, these, those ), 物主代词, 所有格及every, some, any, no等不定代词修饰时, 便不再用the

11.在turn (变为,变得)之后作表语的名词前不用冠词

a. He used to be a teacher, but now has turned writer.

12.as引出的表示让步意义的倒装句中, 最高级前不用the, 泛指的名词前不用a / an

a. Best student as he is (= Though he is the best student), he is always modest.

b. Child as he is ( =Though he is a child ), the boy knows a lot.

13.表示西方节日的名词前一般不用冠词, 但仅中国有的传统节日名称前常用the, 中国传统节日如: the