第五章词法翻译—正反交替、转换、褒贬译法解析

间接式肯定
He didn’t half like the girl. 他非常喜欢那姑娘。 I couldn't feel better. 我觉得身体好极了。 I couldn't agree with you more. 我太赞成你的看法了。 If that isn’t what I want. 我所要的就是这个呀！ He can’t see you quick enough. 他很想尽快和你见面。
转换译法
主要包括：转性译法和换形译法 所谓转性译法就是在翻译过程中，根据译文语言的 习惯进行词性（词类）转换。 由于英汉两种语言在结构和表达习惯上的不同，英 文中由动词派生的名词、含动作意味的名词、形容 词、副词以及介词等都可译成汉语的动词。而形容 词、副词、介词和名词之间也可相互转换。 汉语是一种动词显著的语言， 因此，英译汉时最主 要的一项就是将英语的各种词类转换成汉语动词； 而汉译英时，要使译文符合英语的表达习惯，就得 奖汉语中的大量动词转换为名词、形容词、介词、 副词等。
7. 我们高度赞赏他为实现世界和平所做的努力。 We are highly appreciative of his efforts to bring peace to the world. (v.→ adj.) 8. 关于进一步加强和改善党的领导的问题，我们将 充分地进行讨论。 In regard to the question of further strengthening and improving the Party leadership, we shall discuss it in full. (verbal phrase→prep. phrase) 9. 他身体虽弱，但思想健康。 He is physically weak but mentally sound.
Discussion


否定式（反说式） 机不可失 票价不等 目不转睛
not without some doubt cannot refrain from It’s by no means accidental
肯定式（正说式） Opportunity knocks only once Prices of ticket vary Looked fixedly 带着几分疑惑 难以自持 事出有因
译作肯定否定均可
I’m new to the work. 这工作我是生手/不熟悉。 He is free with his money. 他花钱大手大脚/从不吝啬。 The station is no distance at all. 车站近在咫尺/一点也不远。 The criminal is still at large. 罪犯还未捉拿归案/仍逍遥法外。 He realized that he was in trouble. 他意识到遇到麻烦了/处境不妙。
否定的陷阱


（1）not…because
The engine didn’t stop because the fuel was finished. 引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转。 Gates didn’t drop out because he wanted to avoid work but to start his company. 盖茨辍学不是想逃避学业，而是为了开办自己的公司。 （2）cannot …too The importance of this conference cannot be overestimated. 这次会议的重要性无论怎么强调也不过分。 You cannot be too careful in proofreading. 校对时，越仔细越好。
Except for the howl of the north wind, all was still in the snow-mantled ground.
从强调和修辞角度考虑肯定和否定
这个惨痛的教训，我们全党同志一定要永远记 住，引以为鉴。 No comrade in the Party must ever forget this bitter lesson and we must all take warning from it. 我们讨论问题时，不能忘记这些基本点。 These basic concepts must be kept in mind in our discussion.
第五章 词法翻译
Techniques and Skills on Word Translation
主要内容
肯定与否定译法（affirmative vs. negative)
转换译法（conversion) 褒贬译法（commendatory vs. derogatory ）
肯定与否定译法概述
( 3 ) all/ every …not All that glitters is not gold. 发光的不一定都是金子。 All cities did not look like they do today. 在过去，城市并不都像今天这样千篇一律。 No, everything is not straightened out. 不，并非每一个问题都弄清楚了。 （4）both…not But you see, we both cannot go. 但我告诉你，我们俩不能同时都走。 Both the instruments are not precision ones. 这两样东西不都是精密仪器。
1. She seemed too ignorant of the ways of the world. 她好像太不懂世道常情了。(adj. → v.) 2. Men ran round the Spurr’s house looking for a way in, but it seemed impossible. 男人们绕着斯珀尔家的房子转了一圈，试图找一条 路进去，可似乎不大可能。(adv. → v.) 3. The seizure of American hostages in Iran sharpened the pain of national humiliation. 伊朗扣押美国人质的行动加剧了国耻的痛苦。 (n.→v.)
汉译英的正反交替
根据英语惯用法确定肯定和否定
从强调和修辞角度考虑肯定和否定
用正反交替传达出原文的确切意思
根据英语惯用法确定肯定和否定
在他还没来得及阻拦我之前，我已经跑出教室。
Before he could stop me, I had rushed out of the classroom. 俗话说，“ 男儿有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处”嘛。 As the saying goes, “Men only weep when deeply hurt.” 白茫茫的大地，除了呼呼的北风外，没有一点儿声响。
（5）It be +adj. + noun+ that…+否定词 It is a good workman that never blunders. 智者千虑必有一失。 It’s a good horse that never stumbles. 好马也有矢蹄时。 It is an ill wind that blows nobody good. 坏事未必对人人都有害处。
英语的否定类型大致可以分为四类：完全否定、 半否定、部分否定及带否定意义的词语。针对 此，提出“正说反译”、“反说正译”、 “正 反均可”三种译法，并对英语中的双重否定做 了介绍，格外提醒注意“否定的陷阱”。 汉译英的肯否定结构主要侧重以下方面：根据 英语的习惯表达、从强调或修辞角度考虑、及 视具体情况采用肯定或否定，以准确地表达出 原文的精神风貌。
用正反交替传达出原文的确切意思
正如没经历过大事的人一样，他经不起成功也经 不起失败。 Like those of little experience, he was easily elated by success and deflated by failure. “我找老王说句话，马上就回来。 “ Just to have a word with Wang. I won’t be long!”.
英译汉的正反交替
汉译英的正反交替
英译汉的正反交替
英语为肯定，汉语译作否定 英语为否定，汉语译作肯定 译作肯定否定均可 强调性双重否定 间接式肯定 否定的陷阱
英语为肯定，汉语译作否定
He denied it to be the case. (v.) 他说事实不是这样。 I have read your article. I expected to meet an older man. (adj.) 拜读了你的大作，没想到你这么年轻。 They feel great anxiety about his sickness. (n.) 他们对他的病情感到焦虑不安。 The book is beyond me.（prep.) 这本书我看不懂。 I’m at my wit’s end to keep this child quiet. (phrase) 我实在没办法让这孩子安静下来。
强调性双重否定
There is no rule that has no exception. 任何规则都无不例外。 There is not any advantage without disadvantage. 有一利必有一弊。 It never rains but it pours. 不雨则以，雨必倾盆。 Today, there is scarcely an aspect of our life that isn’t being affected by the internet. 今天，我们生活中的方方面面无不受到因特网的影响。
英语为否定，汉语译作肯定
All the articles in the museum are untouchable. (adj.) .
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。 He carelessly glanced through the note and then left. (adv.). 他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。. Don’t lose time in posting this letter. (phrase) 赶快把这封信寄出去。 He manifested a strong dislike for his father’s business. (n.) 他对他父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶感。 Such flight couldn’t long escape notice. (sentence) 这种飞行迟早会被人发觉的。
4. He realized in a flash that this was the life for him and talked one of the managers into giving him a job. 他很快意识到，这就是他的生命，于是说服其中一 个经理给他一份活干。 (prep. phrase→v. phrase) 5. 我初到越州，第一遭去访问的山水是东湖。 During my first visit to Yuezhou, the first place I went to was the East Lake. (v.→ n.) 6. 去年这种帽子流行了一阵子。 This hat was in for a while last year. (v. → adv.)