METS-3
内部资料请勿复制2007年12月METS模拟试题终审：蔡雨阳
参编人员（按姓氏笔划）：
王洵王莘王蕾
华仲乐孙安星孙国棣
沈慧李蕾陈攻
陈冶冰赵旦姚婷
雷蕾
医学英语水平考试（METS）办公室研究部
2007年10月15日
METS第三级试卷
绝密☆启用前机密☆长期
医护英语水平考试（护理类）
第三级
Medical English Test System (METS)（For Nurses）
Level 3
姓名__________ 准考证号__________ 时间120分钟
考生注意事项—————————————————————————————————1．严格遵守考场规则，考生得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题。
2．答题前考生须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在试卷和答题卡上。
3．答客观题时，一律用2B铅笔，按照答题卡1上的要求答题。如要改动答案，必须用橡皮擦干净。
4．答翻译与写作题时，必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡2上答题。
5．注意字迹清楚，保持卷面整洁。
6．考试结束时将试卷和答题卡放在桌上，不得带走。待监考人员收毕清点后，方可离场。※未经批准，本试卷任何单位或个人不得保留、复制和出版，违者必究。—————————————————————————————————
医护英语水平考试办公室
Section I Listening Comprehension (30%)
（25 minutes）
Directions:
This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English in nursing contexts. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Par C.
Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 4 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET.
(Pause 00’05’’)
(Tone)
Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A
You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and FOUR possible answers. Choose the correct answer –[A], [B], [C], or[D], and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 10 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.
1. What is the patient’s complaint?
[A] He often feels hungry. [B] His ulcer makes him lose appetite.
[C] He is nauseated when seeing some food. [D] He can’t eat many kinds of food.
2. What does the patient say about the pain?
[A] It occurs at certain times. [B] It is sharp and enduring.
[C] It really worries him. [D] It is relieved after a meal.
3. What does the patient say about his bowel movement?
[A] It’s not regular. [B] It’s watery and too frequent.
[C] He finds blood in it. [D] He does not know why it happens.
4. What is the woman doing?
[A] Filling a form of discharge. [B] Applying a dressing.
[C] Examining the man’s nose. [D] Taking the man’s pulse.
5. What does the doctor suggest to the woman?
[A] Leaving the room for a while. [B] Going to visit a friend.
[C] Not being worried about her daughter. [D] Talking with her daughter alone.
6. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
[A] Nurse-Patient. [B] Doctor-Nurse.
[C] Doctor-Patient. [D] Head nurse-Nursing student.
7. When is the proper time for the screening?
[A] When a person is over 50. [B] After one shows some symptoms.
[C] When a lab test suggests a possible problem. [D] When a family member has the problem.
8. What can be inferred about the disease mentioned in the dialogue?
[A] It leads to poor functioning of the liver. [B] It’s a diseas e of the gallbladder.
[C] It has something to do with the liver. [D] It’s caused by poor nutrition.
9. What is the man probably complaining about?
[A] Backache when tired. [B] Bleeding on the ear.
[C] Difficulty in moving. [D] Out of breath when running.
10.What are the possible side-effects of radiation?
[A] Blurred vision. [B] Slight damage to the brain.
[C] Some loss of hearing. [D] Temporary confusion.
Part B
Directions:Y ou’re going to hear one long dialogue and one short talk. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. Then mark your answer on your Answer Sheet. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.
11. What do the two speakers agree that the patient probably has?
[A] Obstruction. [B] Ulcer [C] V omiting. [D] Palpitation.
12. What does the woman say she found in the examination?
[A] The patient was about to go in shock. [B] The patient had severe headache.
[C] The patient had tenderness on upper abdomen. [D] The patient was confused about her questions.
13. Why does the woman say there was no perforation?
[A] Because the abdominal muscle was not rigid. [B] Because there was no complaint about pain.
[C] Because the stool test for blood was negative. [D] Because there was no nausea or vomiting.
14. What does the man think the woman should have done?
[A] Asked about his work habits. [B] Asked about family members.
[C] Taken the patent’s pulse.[D] Asked whether the patient drank.
15. When does this talk take place?
[A] After a lecture. [B] After an assessment.
[C] In the class. [D] During a physical.
Questions 16-20 are based on a talk
16. When do you expect to feel fatigued according to the talk?
[A] We sleep a lot. [B] We rest after work.
[C] We work without play. [D] We work without rest.
17. Which of the following is a sign of illness?
[A] One feels tired after a lot of work. [B] One needs more rest than others.
[C] One feels tired without doing much. [D] One needs rest from time to time.
18. Why are most patients put in bed according to the talk?
[A] They often feel fatigued. [B] Red rest helps recovery.
[C] It makes treatment easy. [D] Symptoms tend to disappear.
19. What should be done if fatigue is caused by illness?
[A] Taking long rest in bed. [B] Seeking correct treatment.
[C] Improving overall health. [D] A voiding overwork.
20. What makes a person tired soon according to some researches?
[A] Playing hard. [B] Studying several hours.
[C] Unknown factors. [D] Uninteresting work.
Part C: Note-taking and Gap-filling
Directions: Y ou will hear a talk. Before your listening, you will have 30 seconds to read the text briefly. You may take notes while you are listening; check your answers when the talk is read the second time. Be sure to write your answers in the corresponding spaces on your Answer Sheet. You will hear the talk TWICE.
Do you know how the doctors and nurses on the surgical team prepare for an operation? Well, first of all, they ____21____ scrubbing their hands and forearms to remove germs. In addition to this, they wear _____22_____ because the skin cannot be made completely sterile even with strong antiseptics. They put on sterilized gowns to cover their clothing and caps to cover their hair. They also wear _____23_____ or other material to cover their mouths and noses so that they will not _____24_____.
Nurses and orderlies bring the patient into the operating room and _____25_____ on the operating table. The anesthetist takes and records the rate of the patient’s _____26_____. The anesthetist keeps a constant check on these throughout the operation. Nurses place sheets over the patient in such a manner that the area in which the incision is to be made is _____27_____. This area is thoroughly cleansed, _____28_____, and the area is again draped with sterile sheets. Nurses place the sterile instruments on the tables, _____29_____ of the surgeon. If gas is the anesthetic, the anesthet ist places a mask over the patient’s face and opens the valves of a complicated machine, thus _____30_____ the anesthetic. He soon feels no pain.
Section Ⅱ Use of English (15%)
(15 minutes)
Part A Vocabulary and Structure
Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are FOUR choices, marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.
31.Sometimes drugs are ________ according to the way they are administered to a patient.
[A] cleansed [B] clarified [C] purified [D] classified
32. Personality clashes are as ________ a part of hospital life as IVs and bedpans.
[A] typical [B]partial [C] integral [D] formal
33. It is ________ that one person in ten in western countries suffer from migraine every year.
[A] estimated [B] intimated [C] imitated [D] assessed
34. When a person is in ________, decreased gastric motility frees energy for more immediate activity.
[A] threat [B] panic [C] hazard [D] haste
35. Reduced oxygen delivery to the wound ________ repair, because the healing of wounds needs sufficient oxygen.
[A] instills [B]enhances [C] inhibits [D] induces
36. Urinary ________ involves an incompetent or weakened sphincter and loss of control of voiding.
[A] incontinence [B] inconsistency [C] retention [D] irritation
37. A fecal odor at a wound site may indicate an ________.
[A] pus [B]cyst [C] abscess [D] phlegm
38. ________, the blood-clotting process, is one of the body’s vital protective functions.
[A] Laceration [B] Adhesion [C] Articulation [D] Coagulation
39. To become a registered nurse usually requires at least a high school diploma plus two years of college or ________ school nursing courses.
[A] acoustic [B] vocational [C] localized [D] intermittent
40. With old age the normal ________ of temperature commonly lowers, with 35 C not being unusual for some elderly people in cold weather.
[A] range [B] field [C] scale [D] extent
41. Often we are struck by the likeness of a baby to one or both of its parents, yet ________ stop to consider how various traits are transmitted from parents to offspring.
[A] we do rarely [B]only rarely we [C] we rarely do [D] rarely do we
42. Food must be converted to a state ________ it is capable of being taken into the cells by way of the blood plasma.
[A] which [B] in which [C] that [D] in that
43. The collection of every specimen of urine is required if the test ________ accurate.
[A] be [B] is to be [C] has to be [D] has been
44. There are different forms of glaucoma, ________ in the very young.
[A] some occurring [B] some occurred [C] some occur [D] some were occurred
45. In the comatose state, neurological signs could help doctors and families decide ________ is any point in taking extraordinary life-saving measures.
[A] whether [B] where [C] whether there [D] if it
46. By far ________ of the sexually transmitted diseases is Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome (AIDS).
[A] more frightening [B] more frights [C] the most frightening [D] most frightened
47. Since a person can be a carrier of the virus _______ symptoms appear, people at risk are urged to take a blood test for diagnosis.
[A] long before [B] shortly after [C] before long [D] since shortly
48. Physicians who are employed by a large group ________ be interrupted during the off-duty
hours than physicians working along or in small groups.
[A] less likely [B] less likely to [C] who are less likely [D] are less likely to
49. Since the victim of choking on food cannot talk ________, it is important that others recognize the danger of the situation and act promptly.
[A] because of blocking the trachea [B] because of the blocked trachea
[C] because the trachea blocked [D] because of the blocking trachea
50. In many communities, information can be obtained by telephone ________ the proper treatment for different poisonous substances.
[A] as far as [B]so that [C] so as [D] as to
Part B Cloze
Directions: Read the following passage. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank from among the four choices [A], [B], [C], and [D], and mark it on your Answer Sheet.
A century ago, children under the age of 15 made up 34 percent of the U.S. population but ____51____ for
53 percent of the total deaths. Eighty years later, children made up only 22 percent and merely 3 percent of total deaths. Children are highly ____52____ in our society, and their deaths are considered major tragedies. ____53____ the cause of premature death—miscarriage, fatal birth defects, childhood illness, accident, or suicide—the impact and level ____54____ when a child dies may be overwhelming.
The death of a child is terribly painful for the whole family. ____55____, for several reasons, the siblings of the deceased (死去的) child have a particular hard time with grief work. Bereaved (失去亲人的) children
usually have limited experience with death and ____56____ have not yet learned how to deal with major loss. Besides, children may feel ____57____ talking about death, and they may also receive less social support and sympathy than the parents of the deceased chil[D] ____58____ so much attention and energy is ____59____ to the deceased child, the surviving children may also feel emotionally ____60____ by their parents.
51. [A] elevated [B] accounted [C] added up [D] accumulated
52. [A] valued [B] registered [C] measured [D] estimated
53. [A] How [B] No matter [C] Whatever [D] Considering
54. [A] experiences [B] experienced [C] experiencing [D] of experience
55. [A] Moreover [B] Further [C] However [D] Likewise
56. [A] so that [B] in short [C] in addition [D] therefore
57. [A] uncomfortable [B] unnecessary [C] undesirable [D] unspeakable
58. [A] Because [B] Just as [C] Even though [D] When
59. [A] spent [B] concentrated [C] focused [D] devoted
60. [A] released [B] adjusted [C] compensated [D] abandoned
Section III Reading Comprehension (40%)
(40 minutes)
Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Y ou should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage A
Born almost eight weeks early, the puny baby boy spent the first eight months of his life in intensive care. Throughout his early childhood, he suffered persistent coughs and wheezing. Surely, the mother had smoked during pregnancy.
According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, thirty per cent of Australia’s expectant mothers smoke. With every cigarette, carbon monoxide seeps into the bloodstream of the fetus, starving it of oxygen and retarding growth. Nicotine also enters the fetus, adversely affecting heart rate and blood pressure. A smoking mother subjects her fetus to great physiological stress. Every time she puffs, her baby receives about 3,000 toxic chemicals. Complications in pregnancy and labor, as well as spontaneous abortions, occur more
frequently in women who smoke. They also face a higher risk of an ectopic (导位) pregnancy, where the fertilized egg develops outside the uterus, and have a 25 to 50 per cent higher rate of fetal and infant death than nonsmokers.
In 1995, a research report by the National Health and Medical Research Council indicated that smoker’s babies are on average 200 grams lighter and are generally shorter. It also suggested a link between passive smoking and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Children whose parents persist in smoking in their presence often suffer from the ear infections and respiratory trouble, the sick leave from school and sometimes long-term consequences for the future. Moreover, an estimated 1.4 per cent of all children suffer asthma as a result of passive smoking.
It is a tragic irony that babies whose parents smoke are more likely to become smokers themselves, further increasing their risk of asthma. Environmental tobacco smoke is a killer. Every parent, and every shopkeeper who sells cigarettes to children, should wake up to this brutal truth.
61.The baby boy described in the first paragraph of the passage probably ______.
[A] was kept under intensive care because of coughs and wheezing [B] was born about 8 weeks ago
[C] would stay more time in intensive care [D] was smaller than a normal infant
62. How does carbon monoxide affect fetus?
[A] By slowing down the blood flow. [B] By reducing the oxygen supply.
[C] By quickening the heart rate greatly. [D] By stopping the growth of some parts.
63. Smoking can cause in a pregnant woman all of the following except _____.
[A] psychological stress [B] complications in labor
[C] unintended abortions [D] fetal development outside the uterus
64. The third paragraph mainly discusses ________.
[A] the physical appearance of smokers’ babies
[B] the connection between passive smoking and sudden infant deaths
[C] the consequences of passive smoking for children
[D] diseases that smokers’ babies often suffer from
65. The last sentence of the passage is meant to be ______.
[A] an appeal to people not to harm children through smoking
[B] an order to shopkeepers against selling cigarettes
[C] a piece of information given to smoking parents and some shopkeepers
[D] a statement that sums up the main idea of the passage
Passage B
The human body is quick to recognize foreign organisms that enter it. ―Foes‖ must be attacked or otherwise got rid of. The most common of these foes are viruses, bacteria, and other microscopic organisms. The body recognizes these foes by the chemicals within them called antigens. To counteract these foreign invaders, the body produces its own chemicals, protein molecules called antibodies. Each kind of antigen causes the production of a specific kind of antibody. Antibodies appear in the body fluids such as blood and lymph and in the body’s cells.
Doctors learned to make use of the antibody system for defense long before they had any idea that antibodies existed. As early as 1796, Edward Jenner, an English country doctor, discovered that if he gave people a case of the mild disease cowpox, he prevented them from getting the serious disease smallpox. What Jenner did not know is that the diseases are caused by closely related viruses. They are so closely related that the cowpox antibody will counteract the smallpox antigen.
Injecting an antigen to start the production of antibodies is now called vaccination. (It is one kind of immunization – making a person immune.) The antigen injected is a vaccine. These terms are based on vacca, the Latin word for ―cow‖, because Jenny’s vaccine was made from the cowpox virus.
Today doctors know of several ways that people become immune to diseases. Some people inherit a natural resistance to certain diseases. Over the years they build up an immunity that keeps them from ever getting certain diseases. But most antibodies are acquired only after the body has been exposed to a known antigen. The antigen may be carried by some organism that enters the body on its own, or the antigen may be artificially injected with a needle.
66.Which of the following is not a ―foe‖ to the human body?
[A] Foreign organisms. [B] Viruses. [C] Bacteria [D] Antigens
67. According to the passage, where can antibodies be found?
[A] In foreign invaders. [B] In all the body fluids. [C] In protein molecules. [D] In the body’s cells.
68. The English doctor Edward Jenner knew that ______.
[A] a case of cowpox had the effect of preventing smallpox
[B] the antibody system was based on the existence of antibodies
[C] cowpox and smallpox were caused by closely related viruses
[D] cowpox antibodies interacted with smallpox antigens
69. V accination is performed to ________.
[A] inject antibodies [B] produce a specific antibody
[C] make a person infectious [D] introduce cowpox viruses
70. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
[A] exposure to an antigen usually takes place artificially
[B] resistance to diseases is largely inherited
[C] vaccination is an important way to develop resistance to diseases
[D] a natural antigen produces more antibodies than the artificial antigen
Passage C
It’s called the ―hygiene hypothesis（假设）,‖ and researchers use it to try to explain why the number of children who develop asthma has grown so dramatically over the past three decades. Supported by a handful of studies, the basic idea is that modern urban society is too clean for the kids’ o wn good. A hundred years ago, children’s immune systems would have faced all kinds of bacterial and viral infections. Today those immune systems don’t know what to do in our super-sanitized environment, so they wind up attacking pollen, dust mites (螨) and other harmless substances instead. In the worst cases, a dangerous overreaction occurs that can shut down the lungs, killing the child.
Now we seem to have more evidence for the anti-cleanliness argument. In a study involving more than 1,000 children, researchers at the University of Arizona compared youngsters who had attended day care before the age of six months with those who had enrolled at a later date. As you might expect, the younger kids, who were exposed to other children earlier and more often, experienced more infections and wheezing. But after they turned six years old, their risk of asthma was less than half that of the children who had enrolled in day
care after they were six months old. The researchers’ cautious conclusion: ―More infectious d isease early in life might afford a life time protection.‖
But before you decide to put your baby next to every runny-nosed kid in sight, there are a few things you should know. Finding an association does not prove a cause-and-effect relationship. Furthermore, some infections can by themselves be quite harmful, even life-threatening. The last thing any doctor would suggest is that outbreaks of, say, meningitis or diphtheria are good because in the long run they might protect the survivors against asthma.Y et even if the association between early infections and a reduced risk of asthma turns out to be real, you can’t use it as a basis for healing kids afflicted with asthma. Their immune systems have already made a fundamental change into asthmatic state. Uncontrolled exposure would only make them sicker.
71. From the context, the ―hygiene hypothesis‖ refers to ____________.
[A] an explanation why asthmatic children are growing in number
[B] an unconfirmed theory that has become popular in the past 30 years
[C] the guess on which many researchers have based their studies
[D] the idea that over-cleanliness is not always good for kids’ health
72. The author implies that children’s immune systems _____________.
[A] have to overwork in the fights against infections
[B] are fighting battles not meant for them originally
[C] are no longer active in attacking harmful substances
[D] have changed so much as to be unable to perform their functions
73. Which of the following agrees with the findings in the research at the University of Arizona?
[A] Day care centers may cause children to pick up minor infections.
[B] Children in day care do not experience much sneezing and coughing.
[C] Y ounger children suffer less from asthma than those older.
[D] Children in day care are healthier than those raised at home.
74. If the association discussed in the passage is true, what could be reasonably suggested to parents?
[A] Put their baby in an infection-free environment.
[B] Expose the children to outbreaks of some infectious disease.
[C] Use the day care’s health benefits if possible.
[D] Help their asthmatic children by putting them in day care.
75. What can be inferred from the passage?
[A] Serious infections offer protection against asthma. [B] What causes asthma is still unknown. [C] There may be a link between asthma and early infections. [D] The way to prevent asthma is now clear.
Passage D
The body’s heat-regulating devices are efficient, but there is a limit to what they can accomplish. If the outside temperature is too high, one may sweat so much that dehydration and heat exhaustion can result. Heat exhaustion is a condition caused by excessive salt loss, and its symptoms include muscle cramps, dizziness, vomiting and fainting. This condition usually can be forestalled by taking salt tablets in hot weather.
Sunstroke (sometimes called heat stroke) also is caused by high outside temperatures. It differs from heat exhaustion in that one of the heat regulators is affected; namely, the sweat glands. Dehydration begins a chain of events which terminates in decreased blood supply to the skin and diminished secretion of perspiration. As a consequence, the body temperature rockets up to a level that can be fatal. The victim of sunstroke exhibits many of the symptoms of heat exhaustion (i.e., dizziness, fainting) but with this significant difference: there is an absence of perspiration; the skin is dry and flushed. Sunstroke is an extremely serious emergency. The most important first aid measure is to lower the temperature; otherwise permanent brain damage can result. Cooling of the body is accomplished by immersing the victim in cool water or else by spraying him with it. Ice should be applied to the head, and cold drinks administered if the patient is conscious.
The body is no more capable of coping with prolonged exposure to cold than to heat. If, for example, the body is immersed in cold water for a time, the water (a better heat conductor than air) removes more heat from the body than can be replaced, and the body temperature falls. This can happen too, of course, in cold air—particularly when clothing is inadequate. An excessively low body temperature is termed hypothermia, and its main effects are lowered respiratory rate and blood pressure and a feeling of drows iness finally ending in coma and perhaps death. Hypothermia, the opposite of fever, is caused mainly by prolonged exposure to cold, rarely by abnormal conditions within the body.
76. What is the fundamental cause of heat exhaustion?
[A] High temperature may be too much for the body. [B] One becomes weak in hot weather. [C] Shortage of water in the body leads to dehydration. [D] Too much salt is lost in sweating.
77. In sunstroke, _______________.
[A] a person often sweats a lot [B] the skin is exposed to strong sunlight
[C] the sweat glands do not function properly [D] the condition starts with a fever
78. What do sunstroke and heat exhaustion have in common?
[A] They both cause dizziness and fainting. [B] They both cause the victims to sweat profusely.
[C] They both call for emergency treatment. [D] They both lead to brain damage.
79. Which of the following is a treatment for a victim of heat exhaustion?
[A] Spraying his skin with cold water. [B] Administering cold drinks with salt.
[C] Reliving his muscle cramps immediately. [D] Using ice to the head to bring him back.
80. The passage suggests that low body temperature _________.
[A] occurs far less than sunstroke or heat exhaustion
[B] occurs more quickly when in cold air than in cold water
[C] is an abnormal condition within the body like the fever
[D] can bring down respiratory rate and blood pressure
Section IV Translation (10%)
(15 minutes)
Directions:Translate the following sentences from the reading passages into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your Answer Sheet.
81.It is a tragic irony that babies whose parents smoke are more likely to become smokers themselves, further
increasing their risk of asthma.
82. Doctors learned to make use of the antibody system for defense long before they had any idea that antibodies existed.
83. The last thing any doctor would suggest is that outbreaks of, say, meningitis or diphtheria are good because in the long run they might protect the survivors against asthma.
84. Cooling of the body is accomplished by immersing the victim in cool water or else by spraying him with it.
Section V Writing (15%)
(25 minutes)
People are drawn to nursing along different paths. Personal principles, family molding and societal ex pectations may all play a part. Sometimes it’s as simple as economic necessity. Write a composition of about 130 words explaining as clearly as you can why you want to be a nurse.
Why I want to be a nurse
_________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________
Transcripts for Listening Comprehension
Part A Dialogues
1. W. How’s your appetite?
M: My appetite is not good. I feel sick at the sight of greasy food.
W: Do you have stomach ulcer?
M: Not now, but I had it ten years ago.
2. W: When does the pain come on?
M: Usually when I get excited or worried about things.
W: Do you get this pain after meals?
M: Y es, about an hour to an hour and a half after a meal.
3. W: What are your stools like? Watery or soft?
M: Watery.
W: Do you find anything in your stools? Any fresh blood?
M: Not that I noticed. The trouble is that sometimes the moment I decide to get up, I feel another bowel movement is coming, but nothing happens.
4. M: My nose is running with a discharge of a yellowish substance and I suffer from a dull headache every morning and evening.
W: Does your nose run only on one side or on both?
M: It seems to run on both sides, but I don’t remember clearly.
W: Is it painful when I apply pressure on your cheeks? Tell me which side hurts more.
5. M: Now, I’d like some time alone with your daughter, if you don’t mind, Mrs. Martel.
W: How long will you be? Do I have time to visit a patient?
M: I think so. We’ll be about thirty minutes.
W: I’ll be back before that.
6. W: Dr. Kaplan, the condition of the patient in Room C is very unstable. He’s so irritated, and I can’t quiet him down.
M: I’m afraid he’ll be in a state of shock. It’s necessary to take his pulse, respiratory rate and blood p ressure regularly.
W: All right. I’ll take them every hour.
7. M: I’m a bit confused by this screening for colon cancer. When should people get screened for colon cancer? W: It should begin definitely by age 50 in every person, whatever their family history.
M: What do they actually do?
W: By screening, you get a digital rectal exam by your physician and also an invasive test.
8. M: Doctor, I don’t know much about this disease. Can you explain to me briefly?
W: It is a chronic disease due to poor functioning of the liver. At present, scientists are unsure of its exact cause.
M: Is it curable?
W: Right now, it can’t be cured, but it can be controlled.
9. M: What’s happening? What’s wrong with me?
W: Y ou have anemia. Y ou know anemia is a blood disease. It makes you tired. That’s why you’ve had headache and trouble running.
M: Can I recover soon?
W: I certainly hope so. Let’s take it a step at a time.
10. W: What are those lines and squares on my son’s head?
M: They’re going to radiate his brain to try to s top the seizures. Those lines show the radiologists where to shoot.
W: Will his brain be damaged?
M: Almost certainly not. He may be confused for a while. And the radiation may make him pretty sick.
Part B Long Dialogue and Short T alk
Long Dialogue
M : Betty, have you had a chance to look over Mr. Morgan yet?
W: Yes, Doctor. I was just over there.
M: Then let us talk about him for a few minutes.
W: Fine.
M: What do you think he has?
W: I think he’s suffering from a duodenal ulcer.
M: Y es, I think I agree with that, from what he told me. What did you find on the physical exam?
W: The only positive signs were tenderness in the epigastrium, to both deep and superficial palpation, and voluntary muscle guarding.
M: Has the report for his stool examination come back?
W: Yes, the stool was positive, but there were no signs that the patient would be in shock.
M: These are the only things I found when I examined him this afternoon. Do you still remember the complications of a duodenal ulcer?
W: Well, hemorrhage is one. And sometimes there may be perforation and obstruction. Is that right?
M: That’s correct. Would you say that he had perforated?
W: No, not by the history. Besides, there was no board-like rigidity of the abdomen.
M: Y ou’ve done a very good assessme nt, Betty. By the way, did you ask him about alcoholic intake?
W: No, I forgot that.
M: Don’t forget to do that next time you have a similar case.
Short T alk
Fatigue is another name for tiredness. People often say they are ―fatigued‖ when they feel tire d. If we work hard, play hard, or go without rest or sleep, we expect to feel fatigued. In such cases, fatigue is normal. We know from experience that this feeling will disappear after we rest. But sometimes fatigue is a symptom of illness.
A physically ill person often feels weak and becomes fatigued after even a slight amount of work or exertion. Such persons need a great deal of rest, often much more than they would need if they were well.
Doctors have found that fatigue occurs frequently in many different kinds of illnesses. Rest in bed has become a part of the treatment for almost every kind of physical illness. But no amount of rest will cure the tendency to become tired easily. This tendency will disappear or improve only if the physical or mental illn ess that causes the fatigue is removed or cured.
Doctors do not know exactly what causes fatigue. However, they do know that psychological as well as physical factors contribute to fatigue. Research workers have shown that persons who spend long hours at things that bore them or at task they do not want to do soon develop fatigue.
Part C Note-taking and Gap-filling
Do you know how the doctors and nurses on the surgical team prepare for an operation? Well, what happens is something like the following. They spend 8 to 10 minutes scrubbing their hands and forearms to remove germs. In addition to this, they wear sterilized rubber gloves because the skin cannot be made completely sterile even with strong antiseptics. They put on sterilized gowns to cover their clothing and caps to cover their hair. They also wear masks of gauze or other material to cover their mouths and noses so that they will not breathe germs into the area.
Nurses and orderlies bring the patient into the operating room and make him comfortable on the operating table. The anesthetist takes and records the rate of the patient’s pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. The anesthetist keeps a constant check on these throughout the operation. Nurses place sheets over the patient in such a manner that the area in which the incision is to be made is left open. This area is thoroughly cleansed, antiseptics are applied, and the area is again draped with sterile sheets. Nurses place the sterile instruments on the tables, within easy reach of the surgeon. If gas is the anesthetic, the anesthetist places a mask over the patient’s face and opens the valves of a complicated machine, thus allowing the patient to breathe the anesthetic. He soon feels no pain.
Key
Section I Listening Comprehension
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. C
9. D 10. D
11. B 12. C 13. A14. D 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. A19. B 20. D
21. spend 8 to 10 minutes 22. sterilized rubber gloves 23. masks of gauze 24. breathe germs into the area