英语语法：非谓语动词、反义疑问句、名词性从句、状语从句

答案： 1. Walking 6. reading 2. Being 7. followed 3. Walking 8. Heated 4. Seen 5. Given
9. Not having done
反义疑问句
祈使句 Come in, will you? Sit down, will you? Don’t be late for class next time, will you? Let him do it, will you? Let us do it, will you?
The doctor give her the order 6. 动词不定式作定语
She has a lot of
meeting to attend in the evenings. to work with.
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She is a nice person
I have no pen I have no bed
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3. He must have a big family, doesn't he? 4. It must have rained last night, didn’t it ? 5. He must have done the work, hasn’t he ? 6. You must have had lunch, haven’t you ?
完成进行式 （not） to have been doing 1. 动词不定式作主语 To teach is my job.
主 谓
To study English hard
主
means a victory.
谓
It is easy to study English.
形式主语 谓 主
2.
动词不定式作宾语（详见 useful expressions P6）
宾 宾补
Would you like me to go with
宾 宾补
you?
主动语态： 一感：feel sb do 二听：hear sb do 三使：make sb do 五看：see sb do observe sb do 被动语态一定要加 to 例：He made me cry.（主动） I was made to cry.（被动） I notice him cry.（主动） He was noticed to cry. （被动） 4. 动词不定式作表语 is to become a doctor.
We must remember to follow the safety rules.
谓 宾
She offer to help us.
谓 宾
She likes to get up early.
谓 宾
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3. 动词不定式作宾语补足语（双宾语） He advised me to take a good rest.
系 表
listen to sb do let sb do watch sb do look at sb do have sb do notice sb do
His wish
主
The 5.
most important
主
thing is to go to college.
系 表
动词不定式作同位语 to stay in bed.

excited exciting

interested interesting

encouraged encouraging

surprised suprising

pleased pleasing
3. 作状语 ① 作时间状语 ② 作原因状语 ③ 作条件状语 ④ 作让步状语 ⑤ 作结果状语 4. 作宾语补足语
非谓语动词
在英语中不是用作句子的谓语动词，而是用于担任其他语法的动词 I want to go to college. 非谓语动词三种形式： 一、 动词不定式 to + 动词结构（有时不带 to） 主动形式 一般式 完成式 进行式 （not）to do （not）to have done （not）to be doing 被动形式 （not）to be done （not）to have been done
即有动词的性质，又有名词的性质。 主动形式 一般式 完成式 （not）doing （not）having done
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被动形式 （not）being done （not）having been done
1. 动名词作主语 Teaching is my job. Reading more books helps us learn English well. Tom’s being late for class makes us angry. 2. 动名词作宾语（详见 useful expressions P6） I enjoy collecting stamps. We try to avoid making mistakes. 3. 动名词作表语 Her job is washing clothes. Seeing is believing. Our duty is serving the people. 4. 动名词作定语 The sleeping bag is comfortable. smoking room studying time 三、 分词 现在分词：doing 主动、进行（有时态语态变化，参照动名词部分） 过去分词：done 被动、完成（无时态语态变化） 1. 作定语 the falling leaves the fallen leaves the rising sun the risen sun 正在落下的叶子 落叶 正在升起的太阳 已经升起的太阳
to write with. to sleep on. to stay at.
I didn’t wenku.baidu.comind a hotel 7. 动词不定式作状语
① 目的状语 They ran over to welcome the visitors. To learn English well we must make double efforts. ② 原因状语 He was angry to hear she had broken her word. ③ 结果状语 We found the room too small to hold so many people. He left home only to find life more difficult. 结果状语：only to do in order to do so as to do enough to do too……to 二、 动名词 doing
F:陈述句中有否定词的，疑问句部分要用肯定，如 no, never, nothing, hardly, seldom, little, few, rarely 1.She seldom goes there, does she ? 2.Nothing will make him change his mind, will it ? 3.There are three people there, are there ? G:陈述部分所含的否定词是通过前缀或后缀所构成的， 反义部分不影 响 1.The boy is homeless, isn’t he ? 2.It is impossible, isn’t it ? 3.The girl is unfair, isn’t she ? H:当主句的主语为第一人称，而谓语动词是 think, suppose, believe, expect,疑问部分应与宾语从句中的主谓保持一致
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练习： 1. Walking in the street, she found me doing some shopping. (walk) 2. Being sick, he didn’t come. (be) 3. Walking in the street, a car knocked him down. (walk) 4. Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks nice. (see) 5. Given another half an hour, he can finish it. (give) 6. She sat under the tree, reading the newspaper. (read) 7. The film star came out, followed by many reporters. (follow) 8. Heated, water can be changed into vapor. (hate) 9. Not having done it well, he tried to do it again. (do)
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the developing country the developed country the boiling water the boiled water
发展中国家 发达国家
沸腾的水 开水
The man talking with my father is my maths teacher. The book borrowed from the library must be returned today. 2. 作表语 现在分词：表特征、性质 The story is interesting. The news is surprising. 过去分词：表情绪、状态 The glass is broken. His leg is broken.
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Let’s do it, shall we? A: 1.He has lunch at home, doesn’t he ? 2.She doesn’t work hard, does she ? B：当主语是 someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, nobody, no one 时，反义部分当中代词用 they 1. Someone has taken it away, haven’t they ? 2. Everybody will agree, won’t they ? C：当主语是 everything, something, anything, nothing 时，反义部分当 中代词用 it Everything is right, isn’t it ? D: 1.You have to go there, don’t you ? 2.There used to be a church near our school, usedn’t there? didn’t there? 当句中有 each 时 1.Each should go there, shouldn’t he ? 2. Each of us should go there, shouldn’t we ? 3.Each of them should go there, shouldn’t they ? E: must 表示猜测
练习： 1. He must be there, isn't he? 2. He must have a big family, doesn't he? 3. He must be waiting outside, isn't he? 4. There must be some students in the room, aren't there? 5. They must have gone there last night, didn't they? 6. They must have arrived by now, haven't they? 7. They must have been to the Great Wall, haven't they?
对现在情况的推测 do、be 一般现在时 对已发生的过去情况的推测，若陈述句谓语部分有“must have done”， 表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用 didn't； 没有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用 haven't 或 hasn't
1. It must be very expensive, isn’t it ? 2. Tom must be reading in his room, isn’t he ?