哮喘预测指数在婴幼儿哮喘诊断中的意义

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哮喘预测指数在婴幼儿哮喘诊断中的意义

作者:滑超侯沛君郭春艳等

来源:《中国医药导报》2016年第05期

[摘要] 目的探讨哮喘预测指数(API)在婴幼儿哮喘诊断中的价值。方法选取2014年10月~2015年10月于山东大学附属省立医院小儿呼吸科住院的6~36个月患儿242例,依据API将其分为API阳性组164例与API阴性组78例。分别对两组患儿进行潮气呼吸肺功能、呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(EOS%)、血清免疫球蛋白E (IgE)检测;分析潮气呼吸肺功能、FeNO在两组患儿之间是否存在差异;分析API阳性组FeNO与IgE、EOS%是否存在相关性。结果 API阳性组达峰时间比[(18.76±6.47)%]、达峰容积比[(22.54±5.34)%]均低于API阴性组[(30.97±7.80)%、(32.98±5.93)%],差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);API阳性组FeNO[(32.41±4.41)×10-9]、EOS%[(5.17±0.25)%]、IgE[(60.15±10.12)U/mL]均高于API阴性组[(9.05±0.56)×10-9、(2.07±0.24)%、

(20.33±1.89)U/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);相关性分析发现,阳性组FeNO与IgE及EOS%均呈正相关(r = 0.851、0.759,均P < 0.05)。结论 API可有效预测婴幼儿喘息发展为持续性哮喘的危险性,结合潮气呼吸肺功能与FeNO检测有利于识别哮喘高危儿童,为反复喘息婴幼儿预测哮喘提供客观的临床指标。

[关键词] 婴幼儿哮喘;哮喘预测指数;潮气呼吸肺功能;呼出气一氧化氮;诊断

[中图分类号] R562.25 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2016)02(b)-0099-04

Significance of asthma predictive index in the diagnosis of infants with asthmatic

HUA Chao1,2 HOU Peijun2 GUO Chunyan1 CHEN Xing1 WANG Jinrong1

1.Department of Pediatrics Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Province,Ji′nan 250021, China;

2.The Second Clinical College Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Province,Ji′nan 250000, China

[Abstract] Objective To discuss the value of asthma predicting index (API) in diagnosis of infants with asthma. Methods 242 infants aged 6-36 months from October 2014 to October 2015 in Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University were selected, according to the API, they were divided into API positive group (164 cases) and API negative group (78 cases). Tidal breath pulmonary function, FeNO, blood eosinophils (EOS%), and total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) were determined respectively; the differences in tidal breath pulmonary function and FeNO between two groups were analyzed;

correlation between FENO and EOS%, IgE were analyzed. Results TPTEF/TE[(18.76±6.47)%] and VPEF/VE [(22.54±5.34)%] in API positive group were lower than those of the API negative group [(30.97±7.80)%,(32.98±5.93)%], the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05); FeNO [(32.41±4.41) ×10-9], EOS% [(5.17±0.25)%], IgE [(60.15±10.12)

U/mL] in API positive group were higher than those of the API negative group [(9.05±0.56) ×10-9,(2.07±0.24)%,(20.33±1.89) U/mL], the differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05). In API positive group, FeNO was positively correlated with IgE and EOS% (r = 0.851,0.759, all P < 0.05). Conclusion API can be used to predict the wheezing infants developing persistent asthma effectively, API combined with tidal breath pulmonary function and FeNO were beneficial to distinguish high-risk of children with asthma, and provide objective clinical indicators for predicting asthma of infants with recurrent wheeze.

[Key words] Infants asthma; API; Tidal breath pulmonary function; FeNO; Diagnose

喘息不是一种疾病,它是一种症状,表现为呼吸过程中出现的持续的哮鸣音,提示呼吸气道的狭窄或阻塞。婴幼儿喘息的诊断与管理是具有挑战性的,因为这种症状可以与许多疾病相关,其中两个最常见疾病是毛细支气管炎与哮喘。80%以上的哮喘起始于婴幼儿期[1],早期识别哮喘并进行有效的干预治疗是十分重要的。哮喘预测指数(asthma predictive index,API)因其高特异性[2],能很好地预测婴幼儿喘息发展为持续性哮喘的危险性[3-4],在临床上得到广泛应用。本研究旨在观察急性期API阳性喘息患儿与API阴性喘息患儿的潮气呼吸肺功能、呼出气一氧化氮(fractional exhaled nitric oxide,FeNO)改变,探讨API在婴幼儿哮喘诊断中的意义。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2014年10月~2015年10月在山东大学附属省立医院(以下简称“我院”)住院的喘息患儿242例为研究对象,其中男172例,女70例;年龄6~36个月,(16.47±10.75)个月。根据API[3]进行分组:API阳性组164例,男122例,女42例;API阴性组78例,男50例,女28例。纳入标准:过去1年内喘息

1.2 方法

1.2.1 FeNO浓度测定患儿取端坐位,用采气面罩接采气袋后扣住口鼻,平静呼吸,取样品气,采用尚沃医疗电子SV~O2纳库仑一氧化氮分析仪对样品气进行离线检测。测定方法严格按照测试说明[5]的要求进行。所有患儿FeNO测定均在潮气呼吸肺功能检查之前进行。

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