2017年中山大学考博英语试题1

2017年中山大学考博英语试题
The war was the most peaceful period of my life. The window of my bedroom faced southeast. My mother had curtained it，but that had small effect. I always woke up with the first light and，with all the responsibilities of the previous day melted，felt myself rather like the sun，ready to shine and feel joy. Life never seemed so simple and clear and full of possibilities as then. I stuck my feet out under the sheets-I called them Mrs. Left and Mrs. Right-and invented dramatic situations for them in which they discussed the problems of the day. At least Mrs. Right did；she easily showed her feelings，but I didn “t have the same control of Mrs. Left，so she mostly contented herself with nodding agreement.
They discussed what Mother and I should do during the day，what Santa Claus should give a fellow for Christmas，and what steps should be taken to brighten the home. There was that little matter of the baby，for instance. Mother and I could never agree about that. Ours was the only house in the neighborhood without a new baby，and Mother said we couldn“t afford one till Father came back from the war because if cost seventeen and six. That showed how foolish she was. The Geneys up the road had a baby，and everyone knew they couldn”t afford seventeen and six. It was probably a cheap baby，and Mother wanted something really good，but I felt she was too hard to please. The Geneys“baby would have done us fine.
Having settled my plans for the day，I got up，put a chair under my window，and lifted the frame high enough to stick out my head. The window overlooked the front gardens of the homes behind ours，and beyond these it looked over a deep valley to the tall，red-brick house up the opposite hillside，which were all still shadow，while those on our side of the valley were all lit up，though with long storage shadows that made them seem unfamiliar，stiff and painted.
After that I wentsintosMother“s room and climbedsintosthe big bed. She woke and I began to tell her of my schemes. By this time，though I never seem to have noticed it，I was freezing in my nightshirt，but I warmed up as I talked until the last frost melted. I fell asleep beside her and woke again only when
I heard her below in the kitchen，making breakfast.
1、How did the author feel early in the morning？
A、He felt frightened by the war.
B、He felt cheerful.
C、He felt puzzled by the dramatic situations around him.
D、He felt burdened with responsibilities.
2、When he woke up in the morning，he would ____.
A、visit Mrs. Left and Mrs. Right
B、roll up the curtains
C、try to work out his plans for the day
D、make Mrs. Left argue with Mrs. Right
3、What did the author think of his mother？
A、She was stubborn.
B、She was poor.
C、She was not very intelligent.
D、She did not love him very much.
4、Where was the author“s father during the war？
A、He was out on business.
B、He was working in another town.
C、He went traveling.
D、He was fighting in the front.
5、In which month did the story probably take place？
A、In January.
B、In September.
C、In December.
D、In November.
参考答案 B C A D C
passage two
How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.
Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell ns,we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy’s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandm others did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.
What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats,for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.
There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and A merica, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.
Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy”look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.
At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don’t look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either!
72. The author thinks that people are ___.
A. satisfied with their appearance
B. concerned about appearance in old age
C. far from neglecting what is in fashion
D. reluctant to follow the trends in fashion
73. Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to___.
A. confidence in life
B. personal dress
C. individual hair style
D. personal future
74. Causes of fashions are ___.
A. uniform
B. varied
C. unknown
D. inexplicable.
75. Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes___.
A. uniformity
B. formality
C. informality
D. individuality
76. Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. Care about appearance in formal situations.
B. Fashion in formal and informal situations.
C. Ignoring appearance in informal situations.
D. Ignoring appearance in all situations.
参考答案：1. C 2. A 3. B 4.D 5.A
passage three
How often do you sit still and do absolutely nothing? The usual answer these days is “never”, or “hardly ever”. As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down and unwind. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life. There is no way to avoid it, since it takes many and varied forms--driving in traffic, problems with personal relationships are all different forms of stress. Stress, in fact, is not the “baddy”it is often reputed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to level performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people thrive on stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others crumple at the sight of unusual difficulties.
When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact, we invoke the “fight”mechanism, which in more primitive days made the difference between life and death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however minimal the stress, it involves the same response. All the energy is diverted to cope with the stress, with the result that other functions, such as digestion, are neglected.
It is when such a reaction is prolonged, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease(冠心病)all have established links with stress. The way stress affects a person also varies with the individual. Stress in some people produces stomach disorders, while others succumb to tension headaches. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it.
1. The reason that many people find it very difficult to relax these days is that ___.
A. they are working harder than they used to be.
B. they are often too busy to find the time.
C. they are suffering from the effects of stress.
D. they are not clear of how to relax by themselves.
2. We learn from the passage that ___.
A. how much stress one can bear depends greatly on whether he knows the art of relaxation.
B. people in primitive days survived from stress because they found certain mechanism to cope with it.
C. if one gets into the habit of relaxing every day he can overcome stress easily.
D. stress can lead to serious health problem if one is exposed to it for too long.
3. The sentence “Stress, in fact, is not the ‘baddy’it is often reputed to be”suggests that ___.
A. stress used to have a bad reputation of causing ill health.
B. we should not take it for granted that stress is unavoidable.
C. stress is not so terrible as people often believe it to be.
D. people do not think stress is as harmful as it was before.
4. The pronoun “it”at the end of the passage refers back to __.
A. ill health
B. exposure
C. reaction
D. stress.
5. What is writer’s attitude to stress according to the passage?
A. Stress as well as relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
B. Stress produces both positive and negative effects on people.
C. Stress should not be eliminated completely from the life.
D. People usually work better under stress if they are healthy.
答案：BDCDB
Passage fore
So what are books good for ? My best answer is that books produce knowledge by encasing it．Books take ideas and set them down，transforming them through the limitations of space into thinking usable by others．In 1959，C．P．Snow threw down the challenge of “two cultures．’’the scientific and the humanistic，pursuing their separate，unconnected lives within developed societies．In the
new-media ecology of the 21st century，we may not have closed that gap，but the two cultures of the contemporary world are the culture of data and the culture of narrative．Narrative is rarely collective．It isn’t infinitely expandable．Narrative has a shape and a temporality，and it ends，just as our lives do．Books tell stories．Scholarly books tell scholarly stories．
Storytelling is central to the work of the narrative-driven disciplines—the humanities and the nonquantitative social sciences—and it is central to the communicative pleasures of reading．Even argument is a form of narrative．Different kinds of books are，of course，good for different things．Some should be created only for download and occasional access，as in the case of most reference projects，which these days are born digital or at least given dual passports．But scholarly writing requires narrative fortitude，on the part of writer and reader．There is onthing wiki about the last set of Cambridge University Press monographs(专著)I purchased，and in each I encounter an individual speaking subject．
Each single-author book is immensely particular，a story told as only one storyteller could recount it．Scholarship is a collagist(拼贴画家)，building the next road map of what we know book by book．Stories end，and that，I think，is a very good thing．A single authorial voice is a kind of performance，with an audience of one at a time，and no performance should outstay its welcome．Because a book must end，it must have a shape，the arc of thought that demonstrates not only the writer’s command of her or his subject but also that writer’s respect for the reader．A book is its own set of bookends．
Even if a book is published in digital form，freed from its materiality，that shaping case of the codex(古书的抄本)is the ghost in the knowledge-machine．We are the case for books．Our bodies hold the capacity to generate thousands of ideas，perhaps even a couple of full-length monographs，and maybe a trade book or two．If we can get them right，books are luminous versions of our ideas，bound by narrative structure so that others can encounter those better，smarter versions of us on the page or screen．Books make the case for us，for the identity of the individual as an embodiment of thinking in the world．The heart of what even scholars do is the endless task of making that world visible again and again by telling stories，complicated and subtle stories that reshape us daily so that new forms of know1edge can shine out．
(35)According to the author，the narrative culture is ．
A．connectable B．infinitely expandable
C．collective D．nonquantitative
(36) Storytelling can be regarded as the essence of all the following EXCEPT ．
A．the humanities B．the reference books
C．the social sciences D．the pleasures of reading
(37) What does the phrase “nothing wiki about’’(Para．2)mean according to the passage?
A．Nothing casual about．
B．Nothing stimulating about．
C．Nothing referential about．
D．Nothing controversial about．
(38) Why is each single-author book immensely particular according to the passage?
A．Because it enriches and restructures our knowledge in its own way．
B．Because it puts together the particular stories we need．
C．Because it tells single-handedly how we should perform．
D．Because it helps to make the map for our travel in particular places．
(39) We may think highly of a writer if his or her work helps ．
A．to haunt us like a ghost in the knowledge-machine
B．to publish books in a narrative structure
C．to review a book on the page or screen
D．to illuminate us in a new form of knowledge
(40) Why does the writer think that even argument is a form of narrative?
A．Because it can be accessed and downloaded anywhere anytime．
B．Because it is born digital or it might have dual passports．
C．Because it has the 1imitation of time both for the writer and the reader．
D．Because it will remain a better and smarter version for us on the page．
参考答案：1、B 2、C 3、A 4、D 5、C
passage five
The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise，
market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen，striving to make profits，produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen；and the profit motive，operating under competitive pressures，largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus，in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers，coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes，that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy，this mechanism is provided by a price system，a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand，the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If，on the other hand，producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost，this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers，which in turn will lower the price
and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus，price is the regulating mechanism in the America economic system.
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individual are allowed to own productive resources （private property），and they are permitted to hire labor，gain control over natural resources，and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy，the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights，including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
1.In Para. 1，“ the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means ___.
A.Americans never feel satisfied with their incomes.
B.Americans tend to overstate the amount of their incomes.
C.Americans want to have their incomes increased.
D.Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes.
2.The first two sentences in the second paragraph clarity the idea to us that ___.
A.producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production.
B.consumers can express their demands through producers.
C.producers decide the prices of products.
D.supply and demand regulate prices.
3.The word “embraces” in Para. 3 probably parallels ___.
A.enfold
B.hug
prehend
D.support
4.According to the passage，a private-enterprise economy is characterized by ___.
A.private property and rights concerned.
B.manpower and natural resources control.
C.ownership of productive resources
D.free contracts and prices.
5.The passage is mainly talking about ___.
A.how American goods are produced.
B.how American consumers buy their goods.
C.how American economic system works.
D.how American businessman make their profits.
答案：DDCAC
passage six
Within that exclusive group of literary characters who have survived through the centuries--from Hamlet to Huckleberry Finn--few can rival the cultural impact of Sherlock Holmes. Since his first public appearance 20 years ago, the gentleman with the curved pipe and a taste for cocaine, the master of deductive reasoning and elaborate disguise, has left his mark everywhere--in crime literature, film and television, cartoons and comic books.
At Holmes' side, of course, was his trusted friend Dr. Watson. Looming even larger, however, was another doctor, one whose medical practice was so slow it allowed him plenty of time to pursue his
literary ambition. His name: Arthur Conan Doyle. As the creator of these fictional icons, Conan Doyle has himself become something of a cult figure, the object of countless critical studies, biographies and fan clubs.
Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh in 1859, in a respectable middle-class Catholic family. Still, it was far from an easy life. There was never enough money; they moved frequently in search of lower rents; and his father, a civil servant and illustrator was an alcoholic who had to be institutionalized. Yet the early letters he wrote to his mother are surprisingly optimistic, concerned mainly with food, clothes, allowances and schoolwork. At 14 came his first unforgettable visit to London, including Madame Tussaud's, where he was "delighted with the room of Horrors, and the images of the murderers."
A superb student, Conan Doyle went on to medical school, where he was attracted by Dr. Joseph Bell, a professor with an uncanny ability to diagnose patients even before they opened their mouths. For a time he worked as Bell's outpatient clerk and would watch, amazed, at how the location of a callus could reveal a man's profession, or how a quick look at a skin rash told Bell that the patient had once lived in Bermuda. In 1886, Conan Doyle outlined his first novel, A Study in Scarlet, which he described as "a simple tale of mystery to make a little extra money." Its main character, initially called Sherringford Hope and later called Sherlock Holmes, was based largely on Bell. But Holmes' first appearance went almost unnoticed, and the struggling doctor devoted nearly all of his spare time to writing long historical novels in the style of Sir Walter Scott—novels that he was convinced would make his reputation. It wasn't to be. In 1888, Holmes reappeared in A Scandal in Bohemia, a short story in Strand Magazine. And this time, its hero took an immediate hit and Conan Doyle's life would never be the same.
1. The typical features of Sherlock Holmes were all EXCEPT
A. rational.
B. sociable.
C. intelligent.
D. cunning.
2. Which of the following is NOT true about Conan Doyle and his family?
A. He came from a middle-class family.
B. They led a hard life in Edinburgh.
C. His father was addicted to drinking.
D. His mother had received little education.
3. How did Conan Doyle feel about his first visit to London?
A. It was horrible.
B. It was pleasant.
C. It was awful.
D. It was memorable.
4. We can infer from the last paragraph that
A. the more calluses a person has, the more professional he would be.
B. writers often base their writing on personal experiences.
C. Conan Doyle has gone through a period of hardship on his way to success.
D. inspiration was very important for a person to create something.
5. Conan Doyle's short story "A Scandai in Bohemia" has proved to be __ at last.
A. successful
B. powerful
C. ridiculous
D. frustrating
1．[B]细节判断题。

考查福尔摩斯的人物性格特征，定位到第l段。

第1段描写福尔摩斯是一个总是拿着卷曲烟斗、嗜好古柯碱、善于推理和伪装的一个人，因此A、C、D选项都是对福尔摩斯这一人物特征的描绘，而选项B (社交广的)并未在文中提及，本题是逆向选择题，因此选项B是答案。

2．[D]细节判断题。

考查柯南道尔的家庭背景，定位到第3段。

本段提到柯南道尔出生在一个中产阶级家庭但是生活很不容易，也对他的父亲进行了介绍。

但是对于他的母亲文章只提到柯南道尔给其母亲写信并未提及其母受教育情况，因此选项D是答案。

3．[D]细节判断题。

考查柯南道尔对伦敦的印象，定位到第3段。

根据第3段末句可知，第一次伦敦之旅给柯南道尔留下难以磨灭的记忆，故答案D符合题意，同时排除其他三项。

4．[C]细节推断题。

从最后一段的描述可知，柯南道尔在经历了失败和挫折之后最终才取得了成功，故选项C符合题意。

Bell能够从手上老茧的位置来判断一个人的职业，A误读了原文。

柯南道尔的小说A Study in Scarlet 以Bell为原型，但不能以此说明作者总是根据亲身经历来创作。

5．[A]细节判断题。

考查柯南道尔的小说最后的结果，定位到最后一段。

根据末段末句可知，柯南道尔发表在Strand Magazine上的短篇小说A Scandal in Bohemia中的男主角风靡一时，柯南道尔的人生也将由此发生改变．因此A选项符合题意。

Cloze
划线的单词是挖空的，根据回忆划的，不一定准确！！
Teenagers, when they grow up, begin to question their parents' authority and wisdom. And I tell you, they're not always wrong. Most parents have children too young themselves. They are not themselves wise enough to lead other unwise human beings. But the system of our world is like that. So we grow up, many of us being frustrated with our parents, because they want to have the right and authority to tell us what to do. And then we sometimes question that because they are not always right. This is true. But they are authority figures. We cannot argue with them. Yet, we feel frustrated inside. Sometimes younger people have more wisdom than older people, because all of us have wisdom to begin with. It doesn't mean that if you are born later, you have less wisdom. It's not always true. It is because we are born with wisdom, you see!
discourse
句子补全，考的是这篇文章，但记不起来是挖了那几个空了~~~~
When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, "Contact: The first four
minutes", he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships : "Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that".
You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room . If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.
When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, "People like people who like themselves".
On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his own needs, fears, and hopes.
Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way".
In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits . We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one."
But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, 'total honesty" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting maybe best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.
Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.
The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on How we get along with other people. That is at least as important as how much we know.
英译中：据说是07 or 06 ？北大的考博题
It is useful to remember that history is to the nation as memory is to the individual. As persons deprived of memory become disoriented and lost, not knowing where they have been and where they are going, so a nation denied a conception of the past will be disabled in dealing with its present and its future.
History is the best antidote to delusions of omnipotence and omniscience. (52) Self-knowledge is the indispensable prelude to self-control, for the nation as well as for the individual. History should forever remind us of the limits of our passing perspectives. It should strengthen us to resist the pressure to
convert momentary impulses into moral absolutes. It should lead us to recognition of the fact, so often and so sadly displayed, that the future outwits all our certitudes and that the possibilities of the future are more various than the human intellect is designed to conceive.
(53) A nation informed by a vivid understanding of the ironies of history is best equipped to manage the tragic temptations of military power. Let us not bully our way through life, but let a sensitivity to history temper and civilize our use of power. In the meantime, let a thousand historical flowers bloom.
(54) History is never a closed book or a final verdict. It is forever in the interests of an ideology, a religion, a race, and a nation.
The great strength of history is its capacity for self-correction. This is the endless excitement of historical writing: the search to reconstruct what went before. (55) A nation’s history must be both the guide and the domain not so much of its historians as its citizens.
中译英：
讲沟通的~~~题目记不住了…………
作文：
1、On protecting personla information online
2、图画题：给出三个关键词：School bus ,funds、management。