英美概况名词解释部分期末考重点

Melting pot(大熔炉):It meant that as immigrants from different regions and cultures came to live in the United States,their old ways of life melt away and they became part of the American culture.

CIA(中央情报局)：the Central Intelligence Agency

Pilgrims(朝圣者)：It refers to the first Anglo-Saxon Protestants immigrated into North America.

Beat Generation(垮掉一代)：A group of dissatisfied American writers of the 1950s,started to expressed their opposition,rejected the traditional mainstream thought based on Anglo-Saxon culture and started the counterculture.

Vice president(副总统)：He is the second-highest executive officical of the government,he does not cast his ballot unless the vote is tired.

Freedom of speech(言论自由)：you can say whatever you want

WTO（世界贸易组织）：world trade organization.

The basis of American culture（美国文化基础）

1.p ursuit of freedom and equality.

2.p rinciple of democracy.

3.t he emphsis on education.

4.l ove of nature and landcapes.

5.T he desire to possess land.

6.d ash and darling in making experiment.

and the American Ethnic Group(美国种族)

The United States is a nation of over 100 ethnic groups.

1.w hite people:The majority of Americans are white people who account for about 78% of the total US population.

2.b lack people:about 35 millon in 2000,account for about 12% of the total US population.

3.t he Hispanics:It is estimated that there are 28 million Hispanics who make up about 10% of the total population.

4.t he Chinese-Americans:There are about 28

million Chinese immigrants and their descendants living in the US today.

5.J ewish-Americans:Today there are more than 6 million Jews in American,accounting for more that 2% the US population.. American Congress（美国国会）:Congress is composed of two chambers the senate and the House of representatives.

The House（参议院）:It has 435 members.The House has some exclusive that it does not share with the senate.Thses include the impeachment power and the initiation of revenue bills.Congress men must be at least 25 years old and over.

The Senate（众议院）:The Senate comprises 100 Senators,two from each of the fifty states.The term of office is six years.A senator must be at least thirty years of age and citizen of the US for 9 years.

Political paries（政党）:Amerecan politics is based on two-party system two major political parties are the Democratic party and

the Republican party.

The Democratic party:

1.It was found in the 1790s.

2.The symbol is donkey.

3.It is more liberal.

4.It is active in providing social services and economic help to be the disadvantaged,such as the poor,the unemployed and old.

The Republican Party（共和党）:

1.It was found in 1854.

2.The symbol is an elephant.

3.It is more conservative.

4.Most believe in supply-side economics,and place emphasis on priate enterprise often accuse the Democrats of making the government too expensive and of creating too many lathews that harm individual initiative. 美国国会的职能Functions of congress

1.to make law

2.to levy and collect taxes

3.to coin money and regulate its value

4.to provide for common defense

5.to promote the pursuit of liberty