英文学术论文Introduction部分的写作方法
introduction 写作方法
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introduction写作方法一、引言Introduction是学术写作中非常重要的一部分,用于介绍研究背景、目的和意义。
好的Introduction可以吸引读者的注意力,为文章奠定基调,并为接下来的讨论提供框架。
本文将介绍Introduction的写作方法,包括如何组织结构、使用语言和表达观点等。
二、结构组织1.开头部分:简明扼要地阐述研究背景和目的,通过提出问题或陈述现象吸引读者关注。
2.中间部分:详细描述研究方法、样本选择和数据收集方法等,说明研究结果如何支持前面的观点。
3.结尾部分:总结研究结果,提出未来研究方向,为读者提供思考和讨论的空间。
三、语言表达1.清晰简洁:使用简单明了的语言表达观点,避免使用过于复杂的术语或晦涩的表述。
2.逻辑连贯:Introduction的段落之间要保持逻辑连贯性,使读者能够理解作者的思路。
3.结构合理:根据研究目的和内容,合理安排Introduction的结构,使其符合逻辑顺序。
四、表达观点1.明确主题:在Introduction中要明确提出研究主题,为接下来的讨论提供方向。
2.突出重点:通过强调研究结果和结论,突出重点和亮点,吸引读者的注意力。
3.客观中立:在表达观点时,要保持客观中立,避免主观臆断或过度夸大结论。
五、示例分析以下是一个Introduction的示例分析:1.开头部分:通过描述一种普遍存在的社会现象,引出研究主题。
2.中间部分:介绍研究方法、样本选择和数据收集方法等,说明研究结果如何支持前面的观点。
同时,通过与其他类似研究的比较,突出本研究的创新点和贡献。
3.结尾部分:总结研究结果,提出未来研究方向,并引导读者思考相关问题。
六、总结好的Introduction是学术文章成功的一半,它能够吸引读者的注意力,为文章奠定基调,并为接下来的讨论提供框架。
通过组织结构、使用语言和表达观点等方面的技巧,可以提高Introduction的写作质量。
希望本文的介绍对大家有所帮助。
SCI论文引言部分Introduction的写作
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SCI论文引言部分Introduction的写作第一篇:SCI论文引言部分Introduction的写作SCI论文引言部分Introduction的写作引言Introduction 是SCI论文最难写的部分之一,很多文章的缺陷就在于Introduction没有内涵,过于简单,没有真正体现论文的研究起初和创新要素,然而,一篇好的SCI论文对于Introduction的要求是非常高的,一个好的引言相当于文章成功了一半。
所以大家应该在 Introduction的撰写上下功夫。
要写好 Introduction,最重要的是要保持鲜明的层次感和极强的逻辑性,这两点是紧密结的,即在符合逻辑性的基础上建立层层递进的关系。
SCI论文引言部分Introduction 主要包括如下四个方面的内容:1、阐述自己研究领域的基本内容。
要尽量简洁明了,不罗嗦;须知看文章者都是该领域的专家,所以一些显而易见的知识要用概括性的而不是叙述性的语言来描述。
2、文献总结回顾。
是引言的重头戏之一,要特别着重笔墨来描写。
一方面要把该领域内过去和现在的状况全面概括总结出来,不能有丝毫的遗漏,特别是最新的进展和过去经典文献的引用(这是两个最容易出问题的地方,要极力避免;一旦审稿人指出这两个毛病,很可能意味着表明你做的不够深入或全面,负面作用非常明显)。
另一方面,文献引用和数据提供一定要准确,切记避免片面摘录部分结果而不反映文献的总体结果;引用的数据也要正确,特别是间接引用的数据(即不是从原文献中查到,而是从别人文献中发现的另一篇文献的数据);数据出错会导致文章的印象特差!此外,引用文献时注意防止造成抄袭的印象,即不要原文抄录,要用自己的话进行总结描述。
如果审稿人正好是文献的引用者的话,原文照抄的结果一定会很糟糕。
3、分析过去研究的局限性并阐明自己研究的创新点。
这是整个引言的高潮,因而要慎之又慎。
阐述局限性时,需要客观公正评价别人的工作,不要把抬高自己研究的价值建立在贬低别人的工作之上(这也是文章易犯的毛病),研究者一定要遵循实事求是的原则来分析。
引言英文作文格式模板范文
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引言英文作文格式模板范文英文:Introduction is an essential part of an essay, which serves as a hook to grab readers' attention and provide a brief overview of the topic. In this article, I will discuss the format, template, and example of anintroduction in English writing.The format of an introduction usually consists of three parts: the hook, the background, and the thesis statement. The hook is the first sentence that aims to engage readers and make them interested in the topic. It can be a quote, a question, a statistic, or a story. The background provides context and background information about the topic, which helps readers understand the significance and relevance of the issue. The thesis statement is the main argument or point that the essay will make, which should be clear, concise, and specific.The template of an introduction can be as follows:Hook: A sentence or two that grabs readers' attention and makes them interested in the topic.Background: A paragraph that provides context and background information about the topic.Thesis statement: A sentence that states the main argument or point of the essay.For example, let's say the topic is about the benefits of exercise. The introduction can be:Hook: Did you know that regular exercise can improve your physical and mental health?Background: Exercise has been proven to have numerous benefits, such as reducing the risk of chronic diseases, improving mood and cognitive function, and enhancing overall well-being.Thesis statement: Therefore, incorporating exerciseinto our daily routine is essential for maintaining a healthy and happy lifestyle.中文:引言是文章的重要组成部分,它作为一个钩子来吸引读者的注意力,并提供关于主题的简要概述。
英文学术论文Introduction部分的写作方法
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Sub-moves 1) Indicate a gap 2) Identify a problem 3) Extend previous knowledge
Moves 3 Occupy the niche
Note: 1) the word “outline” means that the content in that sub-move is very brief, no details 2) RQs are not necessary sometimes
Sub-moves 1) Outline aim, purpose 2) Specify RQs 3) Outline the theoretical perspectives 4) Describe methodology & design 5) Indicate scope/delimitation 6) explain contribution and vzation of the thesis
But in the introduction chapter of the dissertation, we usually use the following subtitles, altogether three, namely: 1) Background of the study (corresponding with Moves 1 and 2) 2) Aim and significance of the study (corresponding with Move 3.1---3.6) 3) Organization of the dissertation (corresponding with Move 3.7)
英文科技学术论文Introduction写法
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大多数英文科技学术论文都可以使用一种所谓Introduction-Methods-Results and Discussion (IMRAD) 的形式,如下图的沙漏所示,先由普遍到具体问题,再由具体到普遍结论。
这里先总结Introduction的写法和注意事项。
与中文论文“简短”的“概述”(或“前言”)不一样,英文的Introduction内容通常较长。
好的论文在Introduction部分很见功底,文献的阅读量、信息综合能力,可以给读者很多的信息量,因此写好它容不得半点马虎。
Introduction(说明综述)部分的内容通常用来为作者创造一个研究空间。
先介绍目前的研究现状,然后指出存在的不足或尚没有解决的问题,最后再介绍“存在的问题”是“如何”被作者的研究所解决。
因此,Introduction可以由这“三波”或者说“三部分”来组成。
具体而言,这“三波”如此展开:第一波:提出研究现状和此研究的重要性先通过陈述表明所要研究问题的重要性——当然这部分内容不是必须,并介绍此领域的研究现状,具体可参考文献综述引用。
研究问题要与自己的研究内容高度相关,时态一般可用一般现在时,并通过很确定的语气和具体的形容词来强调研究的重要生。
The flow of foams is seen in many process, and its use in major industries means that an understanding of foam rheology is of paramount importance.第二波:强调有必要解决存在的问题指出该研究目前存在的问题,可以通过提问的方式或者通过某种方式扩展此领域已有知识和结论。
这一波非常重要,只有指出存在的问题或尚待解决的问题,才能突显出自己的研究价值。
在这一部分的写作时,一般通过转折词来表示过渡,并在指出问题时使用负面的词汇。
… ; however, the relationship between emergence and soil temperature has not been investigated previously…In contrast to the extensive literature describing ….., little attention has been paid to…第三波:介绍作者自己的研究内容介绍作者的研究目的和大致的研究内容。
科学引文索引(SCI)论文的引言(Introduction)怎么写
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科学引文索引(SCI)论文的引言(Introduction)怎么写大部分回答都说错了,或者他们根本没有写过够多的文章,正确的introduction,必须为文章的result和discussion部分服务,不能为了综述而综述。
正确的文章的写作顺序应该是,先写experiment和result,这些是你拥有的fact。
比如合成了什么材料,做了什么表征,已经这个材料的性能测试等等。
这是文章核心的价值和必须要清晰的传达的science。
然后基于这些fact去写discussion,主要是结合文献讨论这些fact,讲出文章的亮点。
如果合成本身是亮点,那discussion部分去讲述表征结果证明了材料是其中一种结构,文献用类似合成方法得到过类似结构,但是我们改良的方法可控性更好,或者类似结构之前都用其他方法合成,而我们用了成本更低的新方法等等。
如果性能是亮点,那discussion就去写,我们合成的材料比传统材料在方面性能提升了XX倍,然后结合文献或者用其他实验讨论一下造成性能提升的原因。
这时候才到写introduction的时候,introduction必须要对照着discussion的逻辑去写。
比如discussion说合成材料的方法是亮点,那introduction写该材料被用于ABCD等等领域,很屌,现在主流合成方法,但该方法存在1234条不足,我们的新合成方法可以用于解决这些不足,然后概述一下文章内容就ok了。
同理,如果性能是亮点,那introduction应该是,反应或者应用很屌,很多公司甚至很多国家都很重视该应用,现有用于该应用的材料为,性能为如何如何,同时有1234条不足,我们对该材料进行改良,性能提升了XX倍,同时解决了现有材料的不足。
如果不这么写,只是把introduction当做泛泛的短review,文章很容易逻辑很别扭,经常会出现introduction说方法存在问题,然后文章内容是应用该方法去做研究,而不去解决问题。
学术英语写作Unit-6.Introduction
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➢Background (sentences 1-4) ➢Literature Review (sentences 5-6) ➢Unresolved Question (sentence 7) ➢The Present Paper (sentences 8-10)
In sentence 6 the writer provides a brief overview of key research projects in this area.
In sentence 7 the writer describes a gap in the research.
In sentence 8 the writer describes the paper itself. In sentence 9 the writer gives details about the
Unit 6 How to Write the Introduction
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Teaching Procedures
1
Lead-in
2
Sample Analysis
Building a Model
4
Grammar and Writing Skills
2
Lead-in 1. What information should be contained in the Introduction?
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➢ The Present Paper
8. The present paper presents a set of criteria for selecting such a component. 9. On the basis of these criteria it then describes the preparation of a set of polymer blends using PLA and a hydro-carbon rubber (PI). 10. This combination of two mechanistically distinct polymerizations formed a novel polymer in which the incorporation of PI significantly increased flexibility .
How-to-Write-the-Introduction(如何写SCI-introduction)
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The Voice of the Sentence
Try to be consistent within a particular paragraph.
Follow the Following Guidelines for
Writing a Good Introduction
-Review the pertinent literature to orient the reader.
On the Part of the Reader
Deductive(推论)
instead of
Inductive (归纳)
Better Understand the Purpose
“Reading a scientific article isn’t the same as reading a detective story. We want to know from the start that the butler did it.”
Citation
Cite the abstract you have previously published as well as closely related papers previously published by others (by superscript, or as specified by the target journal ).
• The literature review; • The definition of the problem; • The purpose of the present study; • The choice of methods; • The statement of principal results
英国论文中Introduction的六个层次“公式”
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英国论文中Introduction的六个层次“公式”有小伙伴们觉得英文论文写作不难,但却总是拿不到高分,非常奇怪。
其实是大家把它想简单了,就好比I n t r o d u c t i o n部分,看似简单,其实要写好真的很难。
引言(I n t r o d u c t i o n)作为对论文的内容和结构的概括可以遵循一定的“公式”,也就是说引言(I n t r o d u c t i o n)可以被解构为6个层次的内容,下面就给大家讲解一下。
六个层次“公式”即:背景;现状及分歧;目的;原因;意义;o u t l i n e。
具体写作层次如下:第一层次描述这个所选t o p ic的背景和重要性背景写作的主要目的是引出所选t o p ic以往的研究文献也及该课题以往的研究观点,因此在写作上虽然会比较宏观一些,但一定要紧密联系t o p i c,可以用一两句话带过。
举个例子:“O n e o f t h e m o s t c o m m o n d i l e m m a s f a c i n g m a n y s t u d e n t s i nt h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m i n r e c e n t y e a r s h a s b e e n t h e q u e s t i o n o fw h e t h e r o r n o t t o t a k e a p a r t-t i m e j o b.R i s i n g t u i t i o n f e e s a n d l i v i n g e x p e n s e s m a k e l i f e v e r y d i f f i c u l t f o r s t u d e n t s w h o d o n o t b e n e f i t f ro m t h e f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t o f t h e i r p a r e n t s o r o t h e rs p o n s o r s.I n o r d e r t o s u r v i v e,t h o u s a n d s o f s t u d e n t s t a k e o u ts e v e r a l l o a n s a n d i n c u r s e r i o u s d e b t i n t h e c o u r s e o f t h e i r y e a r sa t u n i v e r s i t y.H o w e v e r,o t h e r s a t t e m p t t o e a s e t h e f i n a n c i a lb u r d e n o f f u l l-t i m e s t u d y b y f i n d i n g a p a r t-t i m e j o b.”介绍该课题目前的研究现状以及存在的分歧在这一部分不仅要对前人的研究做简要说明,还要总结这些文献的g a p,也就是目前的研究中都存在哪些争议,或者没有涉及到的研究。
SCI投稿Introduction模板
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SCI投稿Introduction模板引言
写作引言是SCI投稿的关键部分之一。
引言应该简洁明了,准确地介绍研究的背景、目的和意义,并引导读者进入论文的主题。
本文提供了一个SCI投稿Introduction模板,帮助作者开始撰写引言部分。
模板结构
第一段:引入研究领域和问题
在第一段,引言应该提供研究领域的背景,并引出你的研究问题。
下面是一个示例句子:
> [研究领域的背景] 过去几十年来,[研究领域] 已经受到广泛关注,其中一个关键问题是 [研究问题]。
第二段:研究目的和意义
第二段应该明确说明你的研究目的和意义。
下面是一个示例句子:
> 本研究的目的是 [研究目的],这一研究对 [研究领域] 的发展和应用具有重要意义。
第三段:研究方法和数据来源
第三段应简要介绍你的研究方法和数据来源。
下面是一个示例句子:
> 本研究采用了 [研究方法] 来 [研究问题],数据来自 [数据来源]。
第四段:预期结果和贡献
第四段应描述你对研究结果的预期,并强调你的研究可能对学术界和实践产生的贡献。
下面是一个示例句子:
> 本研究预计将得出 [预期结果],这将进一步增加对 [研究领域] 的理解,并为 [实践领域] 提供有益的指导。
总结
以上是一个SCI投稿Introduction模板的示例。
通过在引言中准确而简洁地介绍研究的背景、目的、方法和预期结果,读者可以更好地理解你的研究,并为你的研究做出评估。
英语论文英文文献中introduction的写法
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Key elements of writing the
introduction section
Background information
Provide necessary background
Introduce the general context and setting of the research, including the field, topic, and key concepts This helps establish a foundation for the reader to understand the research problem and its significance
Motivation for the study
Explain why the research is important or relevant, often by addressing practical implications or theoretical contributions
Research objectives
State the research questions that will be addressed in the
paper
Specify the objectives of the research and how they will
be achieved
Indicate the expected contributions of the research
The Writing Method of Introduction in English
Pape
目录
Introduction的写作套路,你都Get到了吗?
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Introduction的写作套路,你都Get到了吗?当你准备开始撰写一篇英文论文的引言部分,请提前思考以下三个问题:1作者一般如何开始撰写引言部分的?2在你的引言部分需要包括哪类信息,并以何种顺序呈现?3作者一般如何结束引言部分的?其实,引言的写作也有规律可循,本文将会从结构和词汇的角度给你提供一些较为实用的建议。
引言部分通常可以分成四个步骤,每一个模块都有各自的作用和意义。
你可以以此建立一个模板并且依照这个顺序来写作,那么你的引言在逻辑结构上一定是清晰明了且符合科技论文的规范和要求。
引言的常规写作顺序:1•确立你的研究领域的重要性•简述研究的背景知识和信息•为标题中出现的专业术语给出明确的定义•提出研究领域存在的问题和/或当前研究热点2•描述该研究领域在以往和/或当前的研究进展和贡献3•说明你从研究中找到的一个合适的切入点•描述你的文章所要解决的问题•提出以待验证的预测4•简述本文的研究内容Tips:根据上述的写作纲要,引言部分大致可分为三段式来写作,其中2,3两部分可以合并到一个段落。
仅仅指出引言部分的写作顺序和写作内容可能还是会有些抽象。
接下去会讨论一些写作示例,帮助科研作者们更好地理解这种流程化引言写作的方式。
首先看一段比较简单的引言(10 sentences),但写作结构很完整,你可以来试着逐句分析一下作者在每个句子里想表达的内容。
The synthesis of flexible polymer blends from polylactide and rubberIntroduction1 Polylactide (PLA) has received much attention in recent years due to its biodegradable properties, which offer important economic benefits.2 PLA is a polymer obtained from corn and is produced by the polymerisation of lactide.3 It has many possible uses in the biomedical field1 and has also been investigated as a potential engineering material.2,34 However, it has been found to be too weak under impact to be used commercially.4 1阐明研究主题的重要性2提供一般背景信息3补充一些细节/特点4描述该领域存在的问题或当前研究焦点5 One way to toughen polymers is to incorporate a layer of rubber particles5and there has been extensive research regarding the rubber modification of PLA.6 For example, Penney et al. showed that PLA composites could be prepared using blending techniques6 and more recently, Hillier established the toughness of such composites.77 However, although the effect of the rubber particles on the mechanical properties of copolymer systems was demonstrated over two years ago,8 little attention has been paid to the selection of an appropriate rubber component.5从提出问题过渡到文献综述6综述该领域的主要研究项目7指出本研究的切入点/创新点8 The present paper presents a set of criteria for selecting such a component. 9 On the basis of these criteria it then describes the preparation of a set of polymer blends using PLA and a hydro-carbon rubber(PI). 10 This combination of two mechanistically distinct polymerisations formed a novel copolymer in which the incorporation of PI significantly increased flexibility.8概括本论文的研究内容9简述研究方法10声明研究结果对于每个部分,下面分别展示了一些更通用的句型、短语或词汇示例,你也可以把它们当做引言部分的写作模板,套用到自己的稿件中。
怎样写好英文论文的Introduction部分?
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怎样写好英文论文的Introduction部分?在论文写作过程中,很多同学搞不清abstract和introduction的区别,认为这两个部分都是一样的,由于概念的模糊导致introduction的写作存在问题。
那么什么是introduction,又应该怎么写这一部分呢?摘要我们都知道主要是对文章内容从选题背景,主要内容和研究问题三个部分来概述。
而Introduction部分是要求内容在对应的选题上更加精确,即通过承接摘要部分提出的内容来展开话题,从比较宏观的学术背景逐渐过渡到本文的研究课题来说服目标读者。
Introduction部分需要明确呈现的三个部分:一是background;二是research gap;三是study purpose。
总的来说,就是从what is known到what is unknown最后推出自己的研究问题。
所以Introduction一开始要陈述的是自己研究课题领域的大背景和重要性,第一部分的主要目的是向读者展示自己选择的研究方向前人有过那些经典的理论和实验,证明你对这个领域已经有全面客观的了解。
这样才能向第二部分进行。
第二部分即找到课题领域的研究空白。
所谓空白,包括尚未设涉及的问题和前人没有研究透彻或者随着该领域发展一些需要理论或实验需要进行进一步修正。
这些都可以作为你了解到的研究空白,同时为你接下来的选题陈述奠定基础。
接下来就是要基于前两个部分的陈述点出本文的研究课题、研究意义和采用的研究方法。
写Introduction有几个需要注意的问题:首先在字数上不要过多,尤其在概述背景的部分,不要堆砌罗列文献,要选择与自己选题密切相关的著作或著名理论来陈述。
其次要时刻记得Introduction的目的是要让读者通过对这一部分的阅读对你的研究产生兴趣,即吸引读者。
Introduction属于论文中最难写的部分之一,这一部分的成败直接影响到你整篇论文的质量。
所以要在初稿完成后反复修改,不要过多赘述也不要一带而过。
教你学术论文 毕业论文的写作教程 3.Introduction
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IntroductionGenerally speaking, the purpose of an introduction is to introduce the topic of the writing and to create interest on the part of the readers. It can be as short as a sentence or a paragraph and as long as an entire chapter, depending on the length and complexity of the writing. The introduction chapter of your dissertation or thesis is the one in which you provide all of the basic information that the reader will need to understand the dissertation which is to follow. Such things as the background of your research, how you came to research your topic, what your topic is and how it relates to the world around it, and what kind of general principles and methodology you will be using to research your topic and evaluate your hypothesis, are all aspects of what you will cover in the introduction chapter.I General functions of introduction1.introducing the subject:The author is here to supply sufficient background information to relieve the readers who are not well informed in this field of troubles in understanding and evaluating the results of the given study without referring to previous publications on the topic. Since the topic in this section is what the paper is going to deal with, the readers, then, can get a preliminary but overall impression before going on with the full text of the paper.2.limiting the research scope (Establish and Narrow the topic)Only when an introduction clearly defines the limits of the research scope (the limits within which you treat the subject) can readers retrieve the information efficiently provided that the subject is introduced correctly. Your introduction should direct the readers to a specific focus.There are a number of expressions used to limit the scope of work:The problem is within the scope of…The problem under discussion is within the scope of…Studies of these effects covered various aspects of…Our studies with this technique are confined to only one particular aspect…The problem described previously was directed to the example of…, which differs from…The subject is concerned chiefly with the study of…The author has limited his studies to the related aspects of…The approach under study is only applied to…The problem I have referred to falls within the field of…The theory cannot apply to other cases of…The emphasis of this paper is to survey…3.stating the general purposeThe task is to inform the reader of the general purpose of the paper and illustrate the primary objectives of his research. To start writing your introduction chapter, come up with a simple one sentence summary of the goal of your research. The reader will come to the first chapter of your thesis expecting a statement of purpose. This statement should tell the reader what the topic of the research paper is and what you hope to achieve.4.showing the writing arrangementThe logical arrangement of the writing enables the reader to understand the paper more easily when further reading is necessary. The best place for this information can be found at the end of the introduction.It is supposed to give the reader a sense of how the dissertation will be organized. Provide some kind of chapter by chapter breakdown to tell the reader what can be expected so that the reader will be able to scan the paper at first and have a good sense of what ended up happening. Use solid principles of organization throughout your paper, in addition to hitting all the above topics in your introductory paragraph, to make your dissertation as readable as possible.Expressions used to indicate the organization of the information include:This paper is divided into five major sections as follows…Sections one of this paper opens with…Section three develops the second hypotheses on…In this paper, data and results are presented under the major heading of…Section four shows (introduces, reveals, treats, deals with, develops, etc)…The result of… is given in the last section.The fifth section provides an exposition that places the primary emphasis on…In the following, a wide range of test data are reported…II. Structural features of introduction and some idiomatic expressions1.starting with the research background (Literature review)To orient the reader, the pertinent(related)literature(文献) should be reviewed in writing a professional paper. The research background is usually given in the section of introduction accompanied by the recent development in this field. That is to answer the question “what have been done?”You can talk about the background of the project. How did you choose the project? What kind of greater historical context does the research that you are engaged in exist within? You may want to talk about any related experiments or research that specific people have done in the past, including landmark research cases which are related to the topic at hand. This gives the reader a sense of how your research fits into the greater scheme of things, and lets the reader compare what you are about to present to the research which they may or may not already be familiar with from leading figures in the history of the field.Some expressions used to introduce the background of the subject in an introduction are:Over the past several decades,…Somebody reported…The previous work on… has indicated that…Recent experiments by… have suggested…In most studies of…, … has been emphasized with attention being given to…Industrial use of… is becoming increasingly common.There have been a few studies highlighting…It is well known that…2.transiting to the existing problem (investigation needed/gap)Authors usually transit to the main problem to be discussed or weak points remaining in the previous work to be further studied and/or improved. That is to answer the question “what have not been done?”The following are expressions often used to present existing problems:Great progress has been made in this field, but (however, nevertheless, etc.)…Also, the consideration of… alone cannot explain the observed fact that…A part of the explanation could lie in … however,…The study of… gives rise to two main difficulties: one is…, the other is…Despite the recent progress reviewed in…, there is no generally accepted theory concerning…From the above discussion, it appears that at present neither…nor…are known.So far there is not enough convincing evidence showing…The data available in literature failed to prove that…The theory of… did not explain how much modifications arose.No direct outcome was then reported in…Until now, not any experiment in this area has suggested that…Until now, no field experiments of… have been reported.No clear advancement has so far been seen in…The methods we use differs greatly from the one reported ten years ago.3.focusing on the present research (Purpose /value of your research)On the basis of reviewing the previous research, especially unfolding or displaying the weak points of the previous work to be overcome or existing problems to be solved, the author may gradually and naturally turn the reader’s attention to the present research, by stating his primary research objectives, novel ideas, advanced methods, new materials, fresh factors, etc. that is to answer the question “what am I going to do?”Now tell the reader what your hypothesis is, as well as your basic reasons for believing in the hypothesis. How does your knowledge of the reality of the field make you lean towards one hypothesis or another? Explain to the reader how you will be able to prove or disprove the hypothesis that you set out with through the course of your research. Talk about any particular relevant issues that could affect the course of the research, or any basic questions or problems that people might have regarding the topic and how you will go about your research process. Try to anticipate how people will react to your hypothesis and make sure that you are able to start your project on a strong heading. It may be best to have the opening paragraph of your thesis reviewed before you embark on the research process, to make sure that you are on the right track (or at least that the track makes sense to others) before you set off and put a lot of effort into collecting data.Expressions to be used to introduce the present work:In this paper, … is investigated(studied, discussed, presented, etc.)The present work deals mainly with…We repot here … in the presence of…This paper reports on…On the basis of existing literature data, we carried out studies in an effort to…The present study will therefore focus on…The primary goal of this research is…The purpose of this paper is…In this paper, we aim at…III.ways to begin an introductionnarrative: to begin with an anecdote or a brief story that somehow illuminates the thesis, effective in catching the reader’s attention descriptive: to provide an effective lead to the discussion of the subject by explaining ,illustrating or giving a bit of backgroundpreparatory: to begin with an explanation or definition of the subject to prepare for a discussion in detail in the body of the essayinquisitive: pose provocative questions to simulate the reader’s interest corrective: to put a common belief or show how the subject has been misunderstoodstating a problem: begin with the statement of the problem and proceed to discuss the solutiongiving a surprising fact or statistics: to grab the reader’s attentionusing a striking quote: to use surprising quote from a well-known book or person and lead to the discussion of the topic。
怎么写论文的Introduction部分
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怎么写论文的Introduction部分
写引言,首先需要确定你做了什么和你发现了什么,所以写引言的最佳时间是在写完整篇文章之后,或者至少起草了报告的各个部分之后。
一般来说文章的结构通常是按照如Fig.1. 来完成。
Fig. 1. The shape of a research article or thesis.
从图表的形状中可以注意到的一点是,论文写作中思路是逐渐向中央部分变窄,之后变宽的。
这表明信息在introduction和
Discussion/Conclusion中的排序方式:在introduction中,开始时相当笼统,逐渐缩小你的研究焦点,然后展开你的研究方法和实验结果。
而在讨论/结论中则相反,你需要将你的观点再重新展宽回到引言最开始的层次中讨论。
做一个不太恰当的比喻,如果把写论文比作是讲一个故事的话,首先故事开始前,需要一个开场白暖一下场,这部分内容是用来让你的读者,可能是不了解你的讲故事风格,或者赶时间只是来随便听听的人能够进入到故事的氛围中来。
暖场结束之后,需要逐步引导读者深入探索,所以一般在introduction的结尾,需要一段话将故事的前期铺垫衔接上故事的主体,也就是方法和结果部分。
在这里,你将给读者展现你的逻辑思考和实验设计,并介绍实验结果,利用实验数据得出结论。
主体介绍完成之后就是讨论和结论部分,在这里需要给读者留下想象空间,或者将故事的主题突显出来。
同样的,在这两者之间加入一段衔接的话是必要的。
下面展示一段引言的范例:
Fig. 2. An e某ample introduction paragraph.。
如何轻松漂亮的写出Introduction
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如何轻松漂亮的写出Introduction本期与大家分享SCI论文写作中的Introduction的结构写法。
Introduction是论文的序幕,目的是向读者介绍本研究的“前世今生”,既是对过去和现在研究的系统精炼性的介绍、评价和总结;又是对本篇研究工作的提纲挈领的总结,提出科学假说,概括研究方法和研究结果,突出研究的创新性和研究意义,从而进一步吸引读者兴趣。
第一部分Introduction的写作结构该怎么安排呢?Introduction占全文比例10-15%作用,字数控制在400-500字为宜。
大家牢记“起承转合”的四步心法框架结构和“漏斗式”的段落内容安排,给大家讲解最常用的框架内容涉及模式,让大家能轻松驾驭Introduction的写作。
Introduction提出科学问题、研究假说起①研究领域大范围、背景介绍(1段)与本课题的研究方向密切相关,从总体到局部,逐步细化。
做过哪些研究,有哪些手段和方法得出哪些结论综合性期刊,背景知识介绍要详尽、让非本研究领域读者看得懂专业性期刊,背景知识尽可能简略精当,围绕主题点到为止。
承②研究领域细化及未知空白的领域介绍具体一些研究点的研究现状,以及本研究聚焦点的重要性、必要性、迫切性、当下研究的局限性。
研究空白分:当前研究的不足、研究正确性的质疑与验证、当前研究的补充入手点:其一,技术、数据库、实验方案需要创新或者改良;其二,物质、功能、机制、现象有待进一步探索和发现。
转③提出科学问题以及本文的科学假说、目的(1段)本文的研究目的和重要性,有针对性地对研究空白提出解决方案。
④研究方法和结果(1段)用技术、方法、实验发现结果合⑤本研究的结论和意义(1段)结论:对本文的实验结果一句话进行总结。
意义入手点:理论创新、实践应用、规律理解、社会发展、环境保护、资源节约、省时省力等等。
第二部分1研究领域大范围、背景介绍2研究领域细化及未知空白的领域介绍3提出科学问题以及本文的科学假说、目的4研究方法和结果5本研究的结论和意义第三部分Introduction的写作小Tips。
如何写好论文的introduction
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句型1:用表示否定意义的词例little,few, no或none of+名词作主语。如:
例 a.Little information/attention/work/
research… b.Few studies/investigations/
researchers/attempts… C.No studies/data/calculations… d.None of these studies/findings/
如何写好论文的introduction
题名的字数。题名不应过长。国外科技期刊一 般对题名字数有所限制。总的原则是,题名应 确切、简练、醒目,在能准确反映论文特定内 容的前提下,题名词数越少越好.
中英文题名的一致性。同一篇论文,其英文题 名与中文题名内容上应一致,但不等于说词语 要一一对应。在许多情况下,个别非实质性的 词可以省略或变动。例如:工业湿蒸汽的直接 热量计算,the direct measurement of heat transmitted wet steam。英文题名的直译中译 文是“由湿蒸汽所传热量的直接计量”,与中文 题名相比较,二者用词虽有差别,但内容上是 一致的。
c. Although considerable research has been devoted to…, rather less attention has been paid to…
例: Although there is much hope that threedimensional coupled models will lead to better understanding of the factors that control hurricane intensity and to increased reliability of hurricane intensity forecasts, the present generation of models may not have enough horizontal resolution to capture the full intensity of extreme storms.
学术英语作文模板imrd
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学术英语作文模板imrdIMRD模板是学术写作中常用的结构模式,它指的是Introduction(引言)、Methods(方法)、Results(结果)和Discussion(讨论)。
这种写作模式能够帮助作者清晰地组织思路,使读者更容易理解文章的内容。
本文将从IMRD模板的四个部分展开,探讨其在学术英语作文中的应用。
Introduction(引言)。
在引言部分,作者需要介绍研究的背景和意义,引出研究问题,并概述研究方法和结果。
引言应该简洁明了,引起读者的兴趣,让他们了解研究的重要性和独特性。
在引言部分,作者还需要提出研究的目的和假设,为后续的方法、结果和讨论部分奠定基础。
Methods(方法)。
在方法部分,作者需要详细描述研究的设计、参与者、材料和程序。
这部分内容应该清晰明了,让读者能够理解研究的过程和方法。
作者需要解释研究的操作步骤和数据收集方式,以及数据分析的方法和技术。
此外,作者还需要说明研究的伦理审查和风险管理,确保研究的科学性和可靠性。
Results(结果)。
在结果部分,作者需要展示研究的主要发现和数据分析结果。
这部分内容应该清晰地呈现研究的结果,包括统计数据、图表和图像等。
作者需要解释研究结果的意义和影响,指出与研究假设的一致性或不一致性。
此外,作者还需要对研究结果进行客观地评价,指出可能存在的局限性和不确定性。
Discussion(讨论)。
在讨论部分,作者需要对研究结果进行深入分析和解释,探讨研究的意义和影响。
作者需要解释研究结果与前人研究的关系,指出研究的创新性和重要性。
此外,作者还需要提出研究的局限性和未来研究方向,为相关领域的研究提供启示和建议。
总结。
IMRD模板是学术写作中常用的结构模式,它能够帮助作者清晰地组织思路,使读者更容易理解文章的内容。
在引言部分,作者介绍研究的背景和意义,引出研究问题,并概述研究方法和结果。
在方法部分,作者详细描述研究的设计、参与者、材料和程序。
好的论文Introduction,应该这样写!超实用干货分享!(附下载)
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好的论⽂Introduction,应该这样写!超实⽤⼲货分享!(附下载)SCI论⽂写作特辑- 第⼆期 -论⽂写作猛如虎,Introduction就是开门见⼭的⼤⽼虎...Introduction引⾔部分是论⽂写作第⼀关,通过呈现研究课题所折射的研究理论来说服⽬标读者。
对于英⽂⽔平捉襟见肘的科研者来说,多掌握⼀些常⽤句式能够很好地提升paper的可读性。
本期SCI论⽂写作分享,⼩艾就为⼤家总结⼀些Introduction的常⽤句型及句式。
⽅便⼤家写论⽂的时候,直接从中挑选使⽤。
值得收藏!(⽂末附PDF下载⽅式)⼀般来说,Introduction的常规写作顺序:1. 确⽴研究领域的重要性2. 早前、当前的研究贡献3. 差距/疑问/难题/评论4. 当前的研究⼯作确⽴研究领域的重要性01 A major current focus in __ is how to ensure sustainability of…__ 当前的⼀个主要重点是如何确保...的可持续性02 Much research in recent years has focused on __近年来的许多研究都集中在 __03 Analysis of change in __ is vital for two important reasons: …__ 变化分析⾄关重要,有两个重要原因:...04 It is of interest to know whether __still hold true.知道__是否仍然正确是很重要的。
05 The past decade has seen the rapid development of X in many ...在过去的⼗年⾥,__见证了许多...的快速发展。
06 The issue of__has received considerable critical attention.__的问题受到了相当多的批判性关注。
How to write a good essay introduction学术英语写作
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Knowing answers to questions like these will help you know what information needs go into your introduction
Part 3.2.3
Make an outline
It can be helpful to outline your introduction, especially if you have a lot of information to present in it. An outline will let you know how your introduction “builds up steam” before presenting the thesis statement.
Part 3.3.1
Change your introduction if you need to
A common error students make is to write the introduction first and not go back to re-read it. Sometimes your essay’s argument evolves as you write. Don’t be afraid to go back and make changes where necessary.
Think about your “angle”
A good essay has an “angle” or way of presenting argument or information to its readers. Think about what questions your essay addresses and why they are important
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Week 10
A
1
Content and structure of
introduction
Move 1
Sub-moves (steps)
Establish a research
1)Provide background
territory
information about the
(过程教学法),从笼统概念过渡到具体概念
(反馈、反馈在过程教学中的作用、同伴反馈、
教师反馈)。像个漏斗。不拖泥带水,也没有
分散注意力,笼统概念(即写作教学、过程教
学法)都是一笔带过。A
6
Components of introduction
1. Background 2. Constructs (concepts) 3. Literature review 4. Gap 5. Aim (RQs) 6. Theoretical perspectives 7. Methodology 8. Scope/delimitations of research 9. Significance 10. Organization of the thesis
1) Background of the study (corresponding with Moves 1 and 2)
2) Aim and significance of the study (corresponding with Move 3.1---3.6)
3) Organization of the dissertation (corresponding with Move 3.7)
A
5
简而言之,引言的大致内容包括如下:该研究属 于什么领域,简要回顾该领域的文献,指出缺 陷,交代写作目的,意义,文章结构等等。
在具体写作引言时,从何处下笔是很头痛的事情,
办法是首先找到与你的主题词关系很紧密的一
个名词短语,作为第一句的主语(即在抽象梯
上的上位概念)。这篇引言给了一个很好的例
子,先介绍大的背景(写作教学),逐渐聚焦
3) Outline the theoretical
Note:
1) the word “outline” means that the content in that submove is very brief, no
perspectives
4) Describe methodology & design
area
2)Introduce aspects of
previous research
Note: sub-moves 2) and 3) 3)Define terms and
can occur
constructs
simultaneously or
4)Explain that this topic
separately
Sub-moves 1) Indicate a gap 2) Identify a problem 3) Extend previous
knowledge
A
3
Moves 3 Occupy the niche
Sub-moves 1) Outline aim, purpose 2) Specify RQs
is important, or
A central
2
Move 2 Establish a niche
Note: this move is very brief, much shorter than the other two moves, and is usually put at the end of the background, not a separate paragraph
5) Indicate scope/delimitation
details
6) explain contribution
2) RQs are not necessary
andห้องสมุดไป่ตู้value
sometimes
7) Outline chapter
organization of the
A thesis
4
But in the introduction chapter of the dissertation, we usually use the following subtitles, altogether three, namely:
A
7