认知语言学：框架与脚本

Frame and perspective
• The assignment of syntactic roles is governed by the choice of the verb buy, which is the syntactic perspective. • The notion of perspective relies on the principle of prominence, that is on figure/ground segregation.
The frame notion:different conceptions and related concepts
the notion of frame
any system of linguistic choices
collections of words
choices of grammatical rules or linguistic categries
Examples: (1) David bought an old shirt from John for ten pounds. (2) John sold an old shirt to David for ten pounds. (3) John charged David ten pounds for an old shirt. (4) David paid ten pounds to John for an old shirt.
Frame and perspective
• The [BUY] frame is not just a useful tool for the syntactic description of the verb buy, but it can also be applied to the verbs sell, charge and pay. • The difference between the four verbs is simply a change of perspective within the same frame.
Frame and perspective
The notion of frame was introduced into linguistics by Charles Fillmore in the middle of the 1970s based on his by now classic example, the "commercial event " frame.
contents
Frame and perspective
The frame notion:different
conceptions and related concepts
From frames to scripts:flying on a
plane
The restaurant script
Frame and perspective
Frame and perspective
• The two verbs buy and pay describe the comercial event from the BUYER's perspective, while sell and charge perspectivize the situation from the SELLER's point of view. • This is a first sign that the frame approach goes beyond the figure and ground approach in that it pays more attention to the less prominent parts of sentences like adverbials.
buy B (goods) ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu (money)
A (buyer)
D (seller)
Figure5.1 The [BUY] frame(after Fillmore 1977a:104)
Frame and perspective In this sentence all four components of the [BUY] frame are
The frame notion:different conceptions and related concepts
• The similarities between two approaches :the figure and ground approach & the frame and attention approach
The frame notion:different conceptions and related concepts
• Starting out from this linguistic position, the conception of the frame notion has shifted towards a cognitive interpretation. • Every sentence evokes a certain cognitive perspective on a situation by the choice of the verb and the particular syntactic pattern that it governs. • The basis for perspective is mainly provided by the cognitive ability of directing one's attention.
the profiling of participants in an interactive network as syntactic figure and ground