第六章 移动通信组网技术
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Co-channel interference Frequency reuse implies that in a given coverage area there are several cells that use same set of frequencies, all the cells are called co-channel h l cells. ll (同频小区) R Radius di of f cell ll is i R, distance of cell and the nearest t co-channel h l cell ll is in D.
composition iti of f the th mobile bil communication i ti network t k
Air network 空中网络 • Multiple M lti l access technology t h l 多址接入 • Frequency reuse and cellular network 频率复用和蜂窝组网 • Handoff and location updating 切换和位置更新 Land network 地面网络 • Connected to different base stations 各基站相互连接 • Connected between base station and fixed network 基站与固定 网络（PSTN、ISDN、PDN）的连接
2015-5-19
21
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
For hexagonal geometry, Co-channel reuse ratio:
R2
用同频段转发的多个收发台
R4
R3
分集接收台接收
2015-5-19 8 HITCRC
6.1 Basic Concept
Small cell 小区制
The ribbon service coverage area 带状服务覆盖区 The area service coverage area 面状服务覆盖区
U1
2015-5-19
16
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
How to calculate frequency reuse
U 1 U 2 | k1m2 m1k 2 | | v1 v2 | N R | k1m2 m1k 2 |
How to choose k1 , m2 , m1 , k2 ,and this will lead to different cluster shape
2015-5-19
2
HITCRC
Outline（目录）
I. I II. III. IV. Basic B i concept t Cellular concept Multiple access technology Traffic analysis
2015-5-19
3
HITCRC
6.1 Basic Concept
2015-5-19
11
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
The area service coverage area 面状服务覆盖区
Geographic region divided into cells，组成蜂窝式网络 Frequency/timeslots(时隙)/codes/ reused at spatially-separated(空分) locations. Co-channel interference(信道干扰) between same color cells. Base stations(基站)/MTSOs coordinate handoff and control functions Shrinking cell size increases capacity, as well as networking burden
（1）move m cells along any chain of hexagons 沿任何一条六边形链移动m个小区 （2）turn 60 degrees d counter-clockwise l k i and d move k cells. ll 逆时针旋转60度再移动k个小区 A Example: p N=3, , m=1,k=1 ,
BASE STATION
MTSO
(移动电话交换局)
2015-5-19
12
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
Why equiangular hexagon (equiangular triangle,square) (正六边形与正三角形、正四边形对比 正六边形与正三角形 正四边形对比)
MS3 BS MS2 MS1
大区制移动通信网
2015-5-19
6
HITCRC
6.1 Basic Concept Large cell 大区制
one base station to cover the entire service area 一个基站覆盖整个服务区 an antenna mounted on a tall tower 天线架设高 high powered transmitter 发射功率大 p y communication network 小容量通信网 small capacity simple control, low-cost equipment 控制方式简单、设备成本低
Chapter 6 Mobile communication network technology
2015-5-19
HITCRC
Outline（目录）
I. I II. III. IV. Basic B i concept t Cellular concept Multiple access technology Traffic analysis
Cell shape p 邻区距离 小区面积 交叠区宽度 交叠区面积 Equilateral q triangle g R 1.3 R2 R 1.2 Square q 1.41R 2 R2 0.59 R 0.73 Hexagon g 1.73R 2.6 R2 0.27 R 0.35
1. 区域间隔 2 区域和重叠部分的面积 2. 3. 重叠区的宽度 4. 所需最少无线频率个数
A A k D A A m A
So
m2 k1 m1 ; k 2 m1
and
N R m12 m1k1 k 12
N R 1,3,4,7,9,12,13
A A
2015-5-19
18
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
To find the nearest co-channel neighbors of a particular cell: 需找相距最近的同频小区
2015-5-19
9
HITCRC
6.1 Basic Concept
The ribbon service coverage area
f1
A
f2
B
f1
A
f2
B
f1
A
f2
B
double frequencies 双频组 three frequencies 三频组
f1
A
dS
f2
2015-5-19
5
HITCRC
6.1 Basic Concept
Regional g coverage g of the mobile communication network large cell with low capacity 小容量的大区制 small cell with high capacity 大容量的小区制
U 1 k1 v1 m1 v2 U 2 k 2 v1 m2 v2
The cluster area is :
v1
U2
v2
v1
v1 v1
U 1 U 2 ( k1 v1 m1 v2 ) ( k 2 v1 m2 v2 ) k1m2 v1 v2 m1k 2 v1 v2
V1 = V2 =2R 2R sin 60o 3R
V1 V2 3R 2 sin i 60o 2 2.6R 6R 2
2015-5-19
15
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
How to calculate frequency reuse Assumption: k1 and k2 are integer Vector from center of one cluster to another are U1 and U2
2015-5-19
14
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
How to calculate the service of one cell Define: V V = V V sin 60o
1 2 1 2
Here R :radius of circumcircle of s cell The area of one cell is :
2015-5-19
6.2 Cellular concept
A B C C D E G F A B A
B D C
N=3,m=1,k=1
N=4, m=0, k=2
N=7, =7 m=1, =1 k=2 Common cluster
2015-5-19 20 HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
2015-5-19
17
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
U1 and U2
have same modulus，and U2 is a vector of U1 rotate 60 。CCW
U 2 k 2 v1 m2 v2 k1 v2 m1 (v2 v1 )
2015-5-19
7
HIபைடு நூலகம்CRC
6.1 Basic Concept
Limited coverage 覆盖范围有限
基地台发射机覆盖范围
同频转发器 覆盖范围
移动台发射机覆盖范围
基地台
移动台安置在基地台覆盖 边缘，基地台收不到信号 上下行互通区域
移动台与基站
R1 T/R
移动台
基地台要求 覆盖范围
频率转发台
C A B A B C A B
19 HITCRC
C A B B C A B C A C
B C
A
The N cells which collectively use the complete set of available frequencies is called ll d a cluster. l t 小区簇
shape equiangular triangle square equiangular hexagon
Distance between base
r
2r
3r
2015-5-19
13
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
How to calculate the service of one cell
B
f3
C
f1
A
dI=(2n-1)r-na
f2
B
f3
C
3r-2a 干扰点 a a a
1
2 f2
3 f3
基地台
2015-5-19 10 HITCRC
Outline（目录）
I. I II. III. IV IV. Basic B i concept Cellular concept Multiple access technology Traffic analysis
ess re l wi ls2 ne an ch
Receiver
ne l1 wi rel es sc ha n
User 1 User 2
端对端通信
多用户同基站通信
2015-5-19
4
HITCRC
6.1 Basic Concept Mobile communication network：
在追求最大容量的同时 在追求最大容量的同时，各个无线区域互连来追求最大区域的 各个无线区域互连来追求最大区域的 无缝覆盖，促使了移动通信网络的形成
composition iti of f the th mobile bil communication i ti network t k
Air network 空中网络 • Multiple M lti l access technology t h l 多址接入 • Frequency reuse and cellular network 频率复用和蜂窝组网 • Handoff and location updating 切换和位置更新 Land network 地面网络 • Connected to different base stations 各基站相互连接 • Connected between base station and fixed network 基站与固定 网络（PSTN、ISDN、PDN）的连接
2015-5-19
21
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
For hexagonal geometry, Co-channel reuse ratio:
R2
用同频段转发的多个收发台
R4
R3
分集接收台接收
2015-5-19 8 HITCRC
6.1 Basic Concept
Small cell 小区制
The ribbon service coverage area 带状服务覆盖区 The area service coverage area 面状服务覆盖区
U1
2015-5-19
16
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
How to calculate frequency reuse
U 1 U 2 | k1m2 m1k 2 | | v1 v2 | N R | k1m2 m1k 2 |
How to choose k1 , m2 , m1 , k2 ,and this will lead to different cluster shape
2015-5-19
2
HITCRC
Outline（目录）
I. I II. III. IV. Basic B i concept t Cellular concept Multiple access technology Traffic analysis
2015-5-19
3
HITCRC
6.1 Basic Concept
2015-5-19
11
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
The area service coverage area 面状服务覆盖区
Geographic region divided into cells，组成蜂窝式网络 Frequency/timeslots(时隙)/codes/ reused at spatially-separated(空分) locations. Co-channel interference(信道干扰) between same color cells. Base stations(基站)/MTSOs coordinate handoff and control functions Shrinking cell size increases capacity, as well as networking burden
（1）move m cells along any chain of hexagons 沿任何一条六边形链移动m个小区 （2）turn 60 degrees d counter-clockwise l k i and d move k cells. ll 逆时针旋转60度再移动k个小区 A Example: p N=3, , m=1,k=1 ,
BASE STATION
MTSO
(移动电话交换局)
2015-5-19
12
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
Why equiangular hexagon (equiangular triangle,square) (正六边形与正三角形、正四边形对比 正六边形与正三角形 正四边形对比)
MS3 BS MS2 MS1
大区制移动通信网
2015-5-19
6
HITCRC
6.1 Basic Concept Large cell 大区制
one base station to cover the entire service area 一个基站覆盖整个服务区 an antenna mounted on a tall tower 天线架设高 high powered transmitter 发射功率大 p y communication network 小容量通信网 small capacity simple control, low-cost equipment 控制方式简单、设备成本低
Chapter 6 Mobile communication network technology
2015-5-19
HITCRC
Outline（目录）
I. I II. III. IV. Basic B i concept t Cellular concept Multiple access technology Traffic analysis
Cell shape p 邻区距离 小区面积 交叠区宽度 交叠区面积 Equilateral q triangle g R 1.3 R2 R 1.2 Square q 1.41R 2 R2 0.59 R 0.73 Hexagon g 1.73R 2.6 R2 0.27 R 0.35
1. 区域间隔 2 区域和重叠部分的面积 2. 3. 重叠区的宽度 4. 所需最少无线频率个数
A A k D A A m A
So
m2 k1 m1 ; k 2 m1
and
N R m12 m1k1 k 12
N R 1,3,4,7,9,12,13
A A
2015-5-19
18
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
To find the nearest co-channel neighbors of a particular cell: 需找相距最近的同频小区
2015-5-19
9
HITCRC
6.1 Basic Concept
The ribbon service coverage area
f1
A
f2
B
f1
A
f2
B
f1
A
f2
B
double frequencies 双频组 three frequencies 三频组
f1
A
dS
f2
2015-5-19
5
HITCRC
6.1 Basic Concept
Regional g coverage g of the mobile communication network large cell with low capacity 小容量的大区制 small cell with high capacity 大容量的小区制
U 1 k1 v1 m1 v2 U 2 k 2 v1 m2 v2
The cluster area is :
v1
U2
v2
v1
v1 v1
U 1 U 2 ( k1 v1 m1 v2 ) ( k 2 v1 m2 v2 ) k1m2 v1 v2 m1k 2 v1 v2
V1 = V2 =2R 2R sin 60o 3R
V1 V2 3R 2 sin i 60o 2 2.6R 6R 2
2015-5-19
15
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
How to calculate frequency reuse Assumption: k1 and k2 are integer Vector from center of one cluster to another are U1 and U2
2015-5-19
14
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
How to calculate the service of one cell Define: V V = V V sin 60o
1 2 1 2
Here R :radius of circumcircle of s cell The area of one cell is :
2015-5-19
6.2 Cellular concept
A B C C D E G F A B A
B D C
N=3,m=1,k=1
N=4, m=0, k=2
N=7, =7 m=1, =1 k=2 Common cluster
2015-5-19 20 HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
2015-5-19
17
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
U1 and U2
have same modulus，and U2 is a vector of U1 rotate 60 。CCW
U 2 k 2 v1 m2 v2 k1 v2 m1 (v2 v1 )
2015-5-19
7
HIபைடு நூலகம்CRC
6.1 Basic Concept
Limited coverage 覆盖范围有限
基地台发射机覆盖范围
同频转发器 覆盖范围
移动台发射机覆盖范围
基地台
移动台安置在基地台覆盖 边缘，基地台收不到信号 上下行互通区域
移动台与基站
R1 T/R
移动台
基地台要求 覆盖范围
频率转发台
C A B A B C A B
19 HITCRC
C A B B C A B C A C
B C
A
The N cells which collectively use the complete set of available frequencies is called ll d a cluster. l t 小区簇
shape equiangular triangle square equiangular hexagon
Distance between base
r
2r
3r
2015-5-19
13
HITCRC
6.2 Cellular concept
How to calculate the service of one cell
B
f3
C
f1
A
dI=(2n-1)r-na
f2
B
f3
C
3r-2a 干扰点 a a a
1
2 f2
3 f3
基地台
2015-5-19 10 HITCRC
Outline（目录）
I. I II. III. IV IV. Basic B i concept Cellular concept Multiple access technology Traffic analysis
ess re l wi ls2 ne an ch
Receiver
ne l1 wi rel es sc ha n
User 1 User 2
端对端通信
多用户同基站通信
2015-5-19
4
HITCRC
6.1 Basic Concept Mobile communication network：
在追求最大容量的同时 在追求最大容量的同时，各个无线区域互连来追求最大区域的 各个无线区域互连来追求最大区域的 无缝覆盖，促使了移动通信网络的形成