五大基本句型课件

二、主谓宾结构（S十V+O）
在此句式中V代表及物动词或及物动词词组 (vt)，只有及物动词或及物动词短语才能且必 须接宾语，因此后有宾语；宾语须是名词或 相当于名词的成分。 例如： eg: I saw a film . 译：我看了一部电影。 eg: They took good care of the children 译：他们把这些孩子照看得很好。
五、S十V十Oi十Od 主谓双宾
说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人） +直接宾语（事物）”组成。如： He brings me cookies every day.
但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），
则要借助于介词to或for。如：
He brings cookies to me eห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ery day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用for 侧重指动作为谁而做，表示为了某人，替某人。
㈥定语
• • • • • • • • He is a clever boy. (形容词) His father works in a steel work.(名词) There are 54students in our class. (数词) (名词的所有格) Do you known betty’s sister? He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词)
四、S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
此结构由主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 构成。及物动词本身需要一个宾语外， 还 需要加上一个成分来补充说明宾语，才能 表达一个完整的意思。 可以用做宾补的有，名词，形容词，副词， 介词短语，动词不定式，分词。如：
1.The sun keeps us warm.
2.I heard him singing.
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一： Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓） 基本句型二： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 基本句型三： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四： Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
翻译练习: 1.你应当努力学习。
B. 在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得）， see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)， listen to (倾听)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补 足语如果为不定式， 则省掉”to”,但变为被动语 态时， 则要带”to”. e.g：1.The teacher asked me to answer the question. 2.We hear her sing next door. 3.She is heard to sing next door.
1.They work hard. 主 + 谓 2.The flower is dead. 主+系+表 3.Plants need water. 主+谓+宾 4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 谓
1.昨晚我写了一封信。 I wrote a letter last night. 2.这本书他读过多次了。 He has read this book many times. 3.他们成功地完成了计划。(carry out) They have carried out the plan successfully. 4.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。(finish doing) You must finish reading these books in two weeks.
㈤宾语补足语
• • • • • • • I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret.
主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.
I last saw him playing near the river. →He was last seen playing near the river.
Theteacher caught the student cheating in the exam → The student was caught cheating in the exam We made him monitor. → He was made monitor. He pushed the door open. →The door was pushed open.
1. The war was over.
2. They seem to know the truth.
3. Time is precious.
4. I’m not quite myself today.
5. Who was the first? 6. He is out of condition. 7. The book is what I need.
㈣宾语
• 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语 指物,间接宾语指人. • He gave me some books. ↓ ↓ 间接 直接 宾语 宾语
●.please pass me the book. ●.He bought me some flowers. ●I like my job. ●I love you. ●He wanted to leave here. ●They enjoyed playing computer games.
㈦状语
• 用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句 子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式, 伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等. • I will be back in a while. • They are playing on the playground. • He was late because he got up late. • He got up so late that I missed the train.
You should study hard. 2.她昨天回家很晚。
She went home very late yesterday evening.
3.那天早上我们谈了很多。
That morning we talked a great deal.
4.会议将持续两个小时。 The meeting will last two hours.
用to侧重指动作对谁而做，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。
句子成分
• • • • • • • 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 宾补 定语 状语
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主 谓 定 宾 同 状 语 语 语 语 位 语 语
㈠主语
• • • • • • • Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.
3.You must get your hair cut.
特别提醒: A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分 词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时, 宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。
I heard the girl singing in the classroom. I often hear this song sung in the street.
• • • • • • •
I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school.
三、S十V十P主系表结构
主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。 P一般是形容词或
名词或名词性质的短语，V是系动词,常见的系动词有：
说明：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明
（1）表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, appear, feel, look,
smell, taste, sound. （2）表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue. （3）表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, fall, come, grow.
一、主谓结构（S十Vi）
本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来 表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises. 主语可有修饰语---定语，如，The red sun rises. 谓语可有修饰语---状语， 如，The red sun rises in the east 这类句型中，谓语动词后可以不带任成分,但在大 多数情况下,跟着状语性质的修饰语。例如： He worked hard /in a factory /to support his family.
㈡谓语
• • • • • 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well.
㈢表语
• • • • • • • 在系动词后的部分就是表语 常见的系动词有: be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem, feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get,grow,come,go etc. 系动词不用于被动语态. The apple tastes sweet.
1、这台机器出了毛病。 The motor is out of order/ goes wrong. 2、 天气变得相当暖和。 The weather is getting quite warm. 3、 这些玫瑰闻起来很香。 The roses smell sweet.
4、 他的脸红了。
His face turned red.
His spoken language is good. (过去分词) I met a friend on my way home. (副词)
The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now? There is nothing interesting in this book.