2015年英语四级冲刺全真模拟试题
2015年6月大学英语四级考试及答案——模拟题三范文
模拟题三Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Dormitory Life . You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:Dormitory Life1. 大学宿舍的集体生活是全新的体验。
2. 宿舍生活与在家生活的不同之处。
3. 宿舍生活利与弊。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet1.Testing TimesResearchers are working on ways to reduce the need for animal experiments, but new laws may increase the number of experiments needed. The current situation In an ideal world, people would not perform experiments on animals. For the people, they are expensive. For the animals, they are stressful and often painful.That ideal world, sadly, is still some way away. People need new drugs and vaccines. They want protection from the toxicity of chemicals. The search for basic scientific answers goes on. Indeed, the European Commission is forging ahead with proposals that will increase the number of animal experiments carried out in the European Union, by requiring toxicity tests on every chemical approved for use within the union's borders in the past 25 years.Already, the commission has identified 140,000 chemicals that have not yet been tested. It wants 30,000 of these to be examined right away, and plans to spendbetween ~ 4 billion —8 billion ($5 billion—10 billion) doing so. The number of animals used for toxicity testing in Europe will thus, experts reckon, quintuple (翻五倍) from just over lm a year to about 5m, unless they are saved by some dramatic advances in non-animal testing technology. At the moment, roughly 10% of European animal tests are for general toxicity, 35% for basic research, 45% for drugs and vaccines, and the remaining 10% a variety of uses such as diagnosing diseases.Animal experimentation will therefore be around for some time yet. But the search for substitutes continues, and last weekend the Middle European Society for Alternative Methods to Animal Testing met in Linz, Austria, to review progress.A good place to start finding alternatives for toxicity tests is the liver--the organ responsible for breaking toxic chemicals down into safer molecules that can then be excreted. Two firms, one large and one small, told the meeting how they were using human liver cells removed incidentally during surgery to test various substances for long-term toxic effects.One way out of the problemPrimeCyte, the small firm, grows its cells in cultures over a few weeks and doses them regularly with the substance under investigation. The characteristics of the cells are carefully monitored, to look for changes in their microanatomy.Pfizer, the big firm, also doses its cultures regularly, but rather than studying individual cells in detail, it counts cell numbers. If the number of cells in a culture changes after a sample is added, that suggests the chemical in question is bad for the liver.In principle, these techniques could be applied to any chemical. In practice, drugs (and, in the case of PrimeCyte, food supplements) are top of the list. But that might change if the commission has its way: those 140,000 screenings look like a lucrative market, although nobody knows whether the new tests will be ready for use by 2009, when the commission proposes that testing should start.Other tissues, too, can be tested independently of animals. Epithelix, a small firm in Geneva, has developed an artificial version of the lining of the lungs. According to Huang Song, one of Epithelix's researchers, the firm's cultured cells have similar microanatomy to those found in natural lung linings, and respond in the same way to various chemical messengers. Dr. Huang says that they could be used in long-term toxicity tests of airborne chemicals and could also help identify treatments for lung diseases.The immune system can be mimicked and tested, too. ProBioGen, a company based in Berlin, is developing an artificial human lymph node (淋巴结) which, it reckons, could have prevented the neardisastrous consequences of a drag trial held in Britain three months ago, in which (despite the drag having passed animal tests) six men suffered multiple organ failure and nearly died. The drug the men were given made their immune systems hyperactive. Such a response would, the firm's scientists reckon, nave teen identified by their lymph node, which is made from cells that provoke the immune system into a response. ProBioGen's lymph node could thus work better than animal testing. A second alternativeAnother way of cutting the number of animal experiments would be to change the way that vaccines are tested, according to Coenraad Hendriksen of the Netherlands Vaccine Institute. At the moment, all batches of vaccine are subject to the same battery of tests. Dr. Hendriksen argues that this is over-rigorous. When new vaccine cultures are made, belt-and-braces tests obviously need to be applied. But if a batch of vaccine is derived from an existing culture, he suggests that it need be tested only to make sure it is identical to the batch from which it is derived. That would require fewer test animals.All this suggests that though there is still some way to go before drugs, vaccines and other substances can be tested routinely on cells rather than live animals, useful progress is being made. What is harder to see is how the use of animals might be banished from fundamental research. Weighing the balanceIn basic scientific research, where the object is to understand how, say, the brain works rather than to develop a drug to treat brain disease, the whole animal is often necessarily the object of study. Indeed, in some cases, scientific advances are making animal tests more valuable, rather than less. Geneticmodification techniques mean that mice and rats can be remodelled to make them exhibit illnesses that they would not normally suffer from. Also, genes for human proteins can be added to them, so that animal tests will more closely mimic human responses. This offers the opportunity to understand human diseases better, and to screen treatments before human trials begin. However, the very creation of these mutants (突变异种) counts as an animal experiment in its own right, so the number of experiments is increasing once again.What is bad news for rodents, though, could be good news for primates. Apes and monkeys belong to the same group of mammals as humans, and are thus seen as the best subjects for certain sorts of experiment. To the extent that rodents can be "humanised", the number of primate experiments might be reduced.Some people, of course, would like to see them eliminated altogether, regardless of the effect on useful research. On June 6th the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection, an animal-rights group, called for the use of primates in research to be banned. For great apes, this has already happened. Britain, Austria, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Sweden have ended experiments on chimpanzees, gorillas, bonobos and orang-utans. Experiments on monkeys, though, are still permitted. And some countries have not banned experiments on apes. In America, for example, about 1,000 chimpanzees a year are used in research.This is a difficult area. Great apes are man's closest relatives, having parted company from the human family tree only a few million years ago. Hence it can be (and is) argued that they are indispensable for certain sorts of research. On the other hand, a recent study by Andrew Knight and his colleagues at Animal Consultants International, an animal-advocacy group, casts doubt on the claim that apes are used only for work of vital importance to humanity. Important papers tend to get cited asreferences in subsequent studies, so Mr. Knight looked into the number of citations received by 749 scientific papers published as a result of invasive experiments on captive chimpanzees. Half had received not a single citation up to ten years after their original publication.That is damning. Animal experiments are needed for the advance of medical science, not to mention people'ssafety. But if scientists are to keep the sympathy of the public, they need to do better than that.1. The passage summarizes harmful effects of animal experiment. However, as animal experiment is indispensable in a number of areas, it might not be stopped or replaced by other alternatives.2. Animal experiments are needed in research to find new drugs and vaccines, and to find ways of protection from the toxicity of chemicals.3. It is predicted by experts that the number of animals used for toxicity testing in Europe will quintuple due to a plan to have a large variety of chemical tested.4. People are trying to find alternatives to animal testing, and they started with liver.5. PrimeCyte and Pfizer began to find alternatives to animal testing because they were advocates of animal protection.6. It is found that tissues from liver, lung, and immune system can all be tested independently of animals.7. Although there is more than one alternative to animal experiment, there is still concern over how to eliminate animal testing in fundamental research.8. In basic scientific research, the object is to understand how, say, the brain works rather than to develop a drug to ______ brain disease.9. Indeed, in some cases, scientific advances are making animal tests___________10. Recently, an animal-advocacy group casts doubt on the scientists' claim that apes are used only for __________Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. What is suburbanization? If by "suburb" is meant an urban (47) that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the (48) of the industrial city in the second quarter of the 19th century. Before that period the city was a small highly (49) cluster in which people move about on foot and goods were (50) by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1830s and 1840s were (51) along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment.In time, the factories were (52) by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense (53) this encroachment and to enlarge their tax base, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia (54) most of Philadelphia County. Similar things (55) place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States (56) such status only by annexing the communities along their borders.A) locatedB) marginC) conveyedD) compactE) centerF) emergenceG) spaciousH) surroundedI) abandonedJ) plummetK) achievedL) tookM) againstN) forO) incorporatedSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneAs you make your way through the crowded stalls of Beijing's food markets nowadays, you may sometimes be confused as to just what you should be looking for. There is a profusion of fresh vegetables laid out for sale, so much celery, so many Dutch beans, tomatoes, even broccoli and parsley. How different things were only a scant 15 years ago. At that time there was no variety in the selection of vegetables.Today, with bread, jam, milk and eggs available for breakfast instead of porridge, deep-fried dough strips and pickles, more and more people can afford the indulgence of eating whatever they want.It is all the rage for fashionable teenagers to go to a Western restaurant for spaghetti, a hamburger, filed chicken, pizza or a sandwich. Older folks in China have not quite caught on to these trends, as their younger counterparts have, and tend to be more practical, focusing their attention on simple but sensible food. The purpose of eating is not simply to fill one's stomach, they mason, but also to maintain one's mind and body. Products like low-fat foods, vegetables, bean products and "black food" (foods dark in color, believed to be highly nutritious) have all won over many older consumers who would probably blanch at the thought of a McDonald's Happy Meal for lunch.It is an old Chinese tradition to attach great importance and ceremony to the art of dining. When friends come for dinner, they are often treated to a sumptuous banquet, which results in a lot of wasted food. Young people nowadays pay more attention to quality than quantity, though, and innovative contraptions like chafing dishes are starting to appear on Chinese tables instead of the old "eight courses (usually four meat dishes and four vegetable dishes) and one soup" allowing diners to chat while they eat. Some companies are now beginning to treat guests to buffets instead of the traditional big banquet, which helps in turn to cut costs.China is well-known for its food, and that is saying a lot. The famous "eight cuisines" of Chinese kitchens have won accolades from customers as far afield as Capetown and Salt Lake City. But preparing Chinese dishes is no easy job, and it takes one or two hours to serve up one dish with the right flavor, color, taste and shape to satisfy demanding Chinese palates. People of the 1990's just don't have the time any more. Affluence brings more fast food and instant meals in a box, especially frozen food, and the introduction of electric steamers, microwave ovens and electric ranges gives many people an excuse to spend fewer and fewer hours in the kitchen preparing a decent meal.57. What did Chinese people usually have for breakfast 15 years ago?[A] Beans, tomatoes, broccoli and parsley. [B] Bread, jam, milk and eggs.[C] Porridge, deep-filed dough strips and pickles. [D] Bread, milk, porridge and pickles.58. According to the Chinese tradition, dining is not only a way to fill one's stomach but also a[A] revolution [B] trend [C] ceremony [D] waste59. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that Chinese people are spending less time in the kitchen now than in the past?[A] They are much busier than before. [B] They care less about eating than before.[C] More fast food and instant meals are available than before. [D] More modem electric appliances are available than before.60. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?[A] A large variety of foods are available in the Chinese market now.[B] Chinese people like to go to Western restaurants.[C] Traditional Chinese people pay more attention to quantity than to quality.[D] A traditional Chinese dish that presents the right taste, flavor, and color is regarded as an excellent dish.61. What is the author's attitude toward China's gastronomic revolution?[A] In favor of. [B] Indifferent. [C] Against. [D] Holds a balanced view.Passage TwoThe Language Learning Theory course is an option during the third semester of your program. It is an introduction to aspects of Psycholinguistics and SecondLanguage Acquisition Research. The course will deal specifically with those aspects of recent research that are relevant to the comprehension and production of spoken language. Most of the course will, in other words, be spent considering the processes involved in understanding and producing spoken language. At each stage, we shall be relating the implications of recent research and theories to the practice of foreign language teaching. The course aims to provide relevant background for all language teachers who are interested in WHY and HOW current teaching approaches have been developed.The course will be held during the first ten weeks of this semester from 8: 30 to 10: 30 on Tuesday mornings. A handout giving an outline of the topics of each of the ten sessions is available for those who wish to consider the course in more detail.The course will be principally conducted through lecture and seminar. Learners will, at times, be asked to take part in small language experiments. Handouts and worksheets will be distributed each week. Preparatory reading and follow-up reading will be required for each session.Learners' participation in class activities will be taken into consideration. Attendance at classes is essential. There will be four short, assessed assignments during the course. Participation in classes will account for 10% of the final mark. Assignments will account for 60%. The remaining 30% is for the final test—which will be held one week after the end of the course.You may collect the handout (covering the information I have given you today) from me at the end of this session. If you need further details, you are welcome to ask me personally or see the secretary in Room 513. The course code is LLT 96.62. Students who are interested in______ are most UNLIKELY to take this course?[A] Linguistics (language studies). [B] Language teaching. [C] Improving oral skills.[D] Psychology.63. According to the passage, when will the final test of the course be given?[A] The 11th week. [B] The 10th week. [C] The 9th week. [D] The 18th week.64. If a student never skips a class and gets an overall mark of 80 (out of 100) for assignments, what is the minimum mark that the student must obtain in the final exam in order to get 85 (out of 100) as the final mark of the course?[A] 80. [B] 85. [C] 90. [D] 95.65. Which of the following is FALSE according to the passage?[A] Language teaching theory is a compulsory course. [B] Each session of this course will last 2 hours.[C] Reading will be required both before and after each session of this course.[D] Students interested in more details about this course may see the speaker in person.66. This passage is the transcript of a speech most probably given by _____.[A] a teaching secretary [B] a teacher [C] a school director [D] a studentPart ⅤClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born (67) . Human brains differ "considerably, (68) being more capable than others. (69) no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has (70) to learn. So the second factor is what (71) to the individual -the sort of environment in which he is brought (72) .If an individual is handicapped (受阻碍) (73) , it is likely that his brain will (74) to develop and he will never (75) the level of intelligence of which he is (76) .The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be (77) by the case history of the (78) twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in (79) fostered (寄养的) homes. Peter was (80) by parents of low intelligence in an (81) community with poor educational opportunities. John, (82) , was educated in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental (83) continued until the twins were (84) their late teens, When they were given tests to (85) their intelligence. John's IQ(智商) was 125, twenty-five, points higher than the (86) and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.67. [A] for [B] by [C] with [D] in68. [A] most [B] some [C] many [D] few69. [A] But [B] For [C] Still [D] And70. [A] necessities [B] realities [C] probabilities [D] opportunities71. [A] refers [B] applies [C] happens [D] concerns72. [A] about [B] up [C] on [D] Out73. [A] relatively [B] intelligently [C] regularly [D] environmentally74. [A] help [B] manage [C] fail [D] perform75. [A] assume [B] attain [C] accomplish [D] accumulate76. [A] capable [B] sensible [C] adequate [D] acceptable77. [A] demonstrated [B] implemented [C] released [D] revealed78. [A] equivalent [B] parallel [C] similar [D] identical79. [A] separate [B] independent [C] remote [D] individual80. [A] grown [B] reared [C] cultivated [D] tamed81. [A] conservative [B] enclosed [C] isolated [D] occupied82. [A] moreover [B] otherwise [C] therefore [D] however83. [A] exception [B] division [C] difference [D] alteration84. [A] in [B] by [C] at [D] for85. [A] estimate [B] evaluate [C] assess [D] measure86. [A] average [B] normal [C] regular [D] ordinaryPart ⅥTranslation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.87. He was almost hurt _________________________________(当公共汽车突然停止的时候).88. I didn’t travel much when I was younger, but I’m certainly_____________________________(弥补失去的时间).89. Only those species __________________________________(能适应并应付变化的环境的) survived; the others died out.90. Chinese Government declares that _______________________________(任何情况下中国都不首先使用) nuclear weapons.91. __________________________ (针对你的呼吁)，we have made effective measures to stop such terrible accident.参考答案Part I Writing [范文]Measures to Relieve Traffic JamAlthough it is convenient and enjoyable to own a car, people have to suffer troubles caused by traffic jam. Today, cars are considered as an important transportation means, especially for those who have to commute between their offices in downtown area and their home in the outskirts of the city. ( 引出文章的主题。
【VIP专享】2015年6月大学英语四级考试及答案——模拟题一
模拟题一Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Graduate School or Work? You should write at least 120 words following the instructions given below in Chinese:目前，越来越多的大学生本科毕业之后选择继续进入研究生院学习。
一个重要的原因是工作不太好找。
那么你打算在大学毕业之后选择找工作还是准备继续上研究生呢?请就这个问题谈谈你的打算和主要原因。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet1.Why We LaughWe start finding things laughable — or not laughable — early in life. An infant first smiles at approximately eight days of age. Many psychologists assume this is his first sign of simple pleasure— food, warmth and comfort. At six months or less, the infant laughs to express complex pleasures—such as the light of Mother's smiling face. Between the ages of six months and one year, the baby learns to laugh for essentially the same reasons he will laugh throughout his life, says Dr. Jacob Levine, associate professor of psychology at Yale University. Dr. Levine says that people laugh to express mastery over an anxiety. Picture what happens when a father throws his child into the air. The child will probably laugh—but not the first time. In spite of his enjoyment of "flying", he is too anxious to laugh. How does he know Daddy will catch him? Once the child realizes he will be caught, he is free to enjoy the game. But more importantly, says Dr. Levine, the child laughs because he has mastered an anxiety.Adult laughter is more subtle, but we also laugh at what we used to fear. Thefeeling of achievement, or lack of it, remains a crucial factor. Giving a first dinner party is an anxious event for a new bride. Will the food be good? Will the guests get along? Will she be a good hostess? Will the knives and forks, cups and saucers be all right? All goes well; the party is over. Now she laughs freely. Her pleasure from having proved her success is the foundation for her pleasure in recalling the evening activities. She couldn't enjoy the second pleasure without the first, more important one—her mastery of anxiety.Laughter is a social response triggered by cues. Scientists have not determined a brain center for laughter, and they are perplexed by patients with certain types of brain damage who go into laughing fits for no apparent reason. The rest of us require company, and a reason to laugh.When we find ourselves alone in a humorous situation, our usual response is to smile. Isn't it hue that our highest compliment to a humorous book is to say that "it made me laugh out of loud"? Of course, we do occasionally laugh alone; but when we do, we are, in a sense, socializing with ourselves. We laugh at a memory, or at a part of ourselves.Of course, we don't always need a joke to make us laugh. People who survive frightening situations, such as a fire or an emergency plane landing, frequently relate their story of the crisis with laughter. Part of the laughter express relief that everything is now all right. During a crisis, definitely, everyone mobilizes energy to deal with the potential problem. If the danger is avoided, we need to release that energy. Some people cry; others laugh.When we are made the target of a joke, either on a personal or impersonal level, we are emotionally involved in it. Consequently, we won't be able to laugh.Knowing that laughter blunts emotion, we can better understand why we sometimes laugh when nothing is funny. We laugh during moments of anxiety because we feel no mastery over the situation, claims Dr. Levine. He explains, "very often compulsive laughter is a learned response. If we laugh, it expresses goodfeelings and the fact that we are able to cope. When we're in a situation in which we can't cope, we laugh to reassure ourselves that we can!"How often have we laughed at a funeral or upon hearing bad news? We laugh to deny an unendurable reality until we are strong enough to accept it. Laughter also breaks our tension. However, we may also be laughing to express relief that the tragedy didn't happen to us. We laugh before giving a big party, before delivering a speech, or while getting a traffic ticket, to say, "This isn't bothering me. See? I am laughing."But if we sometimes laugh in sorrow, more often we laugh with joy. Laughter creates and strengthens our socialbonds. And the ability to share a laugh has guided many marriages through hard periods of adjustment.How could we manage a life with the absence of laugh? According to Dr. Levine, we can measure our adjustment to the world by our capacity to laugh. When we are secure about our abilities, we can laugh at the defects of our own character. If we can laugh through our anxieties, we will not be overpowered by them.The ability to laugh starts early, but it takes a lifetime to perfect. Says Dr. Grotjahn, "when social relationships are mastered, when the individual has mastered...a peaceful relationship with himself, then he has...the sense of humor." And then he can throw back his head and laugh. Both infants and adults laugh for the same reasons.1. Giving your first dinner party is a source of laughter.2. The cues that trigger laughter have been studied by scientists.3. Ordinary people laugh a lot when they are alone.4. If you escape from a dangerous situation you might cry.5. When someone makes a joke about us we are able to share to joke.6. Funerals are a good source of jokes.7. It takes a lifetime to perfect the ability to laugh.8. Laughter is a defense mechanism when reality is too hard or if wehear______.9. A child of one and an old man laugh to show their______ of anxiety.10. Laughter is a social glue that______ our relations.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States. And in this process, he became one of the (47) men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of (48) during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their (49) .Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their (50) for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, (51) instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to (52) themselves.Among his more (53) contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also founded a school of technology that is (54) part of Carnegie-Mellon University. Other philanthropic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to (55) understanding between nations, and theCarnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research.There are (56) Americans who have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity. His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.A) preferringB) presentlyC) wealthiestD) previouslyE) fewF) investmentsG) fortuneH) expandingI) noteworthyJ) promoteK) helpL) shrinkingM) optingN) obstructO) manySection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneExaminations have a longer history in China than in any other country, yet it is today an issue around in which controversy flourishes. At each stage of their school lives children are faced with exams: exams to enter junior middle school, senior middle school, vocational school, colleges and universities. As a result of having constantly to think of these hurdles facing them children find themselves under constant pressure, unable to take time off from studying exam-oriented subjects to relax with friends or to develop other interests. Within school the concentration on exam success leads to the neglect of courses which are not central to the examinations and a method of teaching and learning which emphasizes training the ability to do well in tests but neglects developing the ability to think creatively.Despite such criticisms the examination system still has its defenders. Without it, they argue, how can we test students' abilities and evaluate the effectiveness of teachers and schools? They believe that they provide the only objective way of selecting students and reduce the exercise of unfair back-door practices to gain advantage for children on the basis of influence or corruption. Examinations are also felt to offer the impetus to students to master their subject in a way in which they otherwise might not. "While too much anxiety can be a bad thing, a little anxiety can stimulate students to learn better than if left without any test to pass," says Li Jie, a leading advocate of the value of testing. "I can remember things now which give me great pleasure which I doubt I would have learned at the time if I had not had to do so for the examinations."57. Which of the following statements about examinations in China is correct?[A] People can make money out of examinations.[B] Only students of today have to take examinations.[C] Students have to learn more about history than about any other subjects.[D] People have different opinions concerning the value of examinations.58. What is a possible result if students pay too much attention to examinations?[A] Students neglect those exam-oriented subjects.[B] Students are unable to relax with friends or to develop other interests.[C] Teachers neglect the training of the students' ability to do well in tests.[D] Students only pay attention to the development of their ability to think creatively.59. Which of the following has NOT been mentioned as the advantage of examinations?[A] Examinations are the only objective way of selecting students.[B] Examinations are the only objective way to eliminate the problem of corruption.[C] Examinations can tell us that too much anxiety can be a bad thing.[D] Examinations can better stimulate students to study.60. According to the passage, why are some people against exams?[A] They are meaningless. [B] They will make students learn something useless.[C] They are believed to cause stress for the students. [D] They are not related to the reality of life.61. Which of the following is an acceptable summary of the organization of this passage?[A] Discussing a problem in education. [B] Refuting a long held opinion.[C] Persuading people to believe an idea. [D] Presenting a controversial issueand arguments from both sides.Passage TwoAn opinion poll was conducted in the early 1990's to ascertain the cultural attitudes of residents of five countries in Western Europe (Britain, France, Italy, Spain and Germany). One thousand people, forming a representative sample of the adult population, from each of the five participating countries were interviewed. The results of the poll suggest that though there is general agreement that culture can be defined as a distinct part of life, there are clear differences in the views of various European nations.The poll assumed that literature, history, science, the arts, law, economics and so on would be regarded as significant components of culture by all participants but it set out to examine the areas which they deemed the most important forms of cultural expression. In addition, the poll required interviewees to indicate in a questionnaire the type of education they considered most appropriate for the modem world, the best channels of knowledge and the arts they most valued. The interviewees were also asked which European countries they found most attractive from a cultural point of view.The results of the poll show interesting differences between the participating nations in terms of which components of culture they regard as most important forms of cultural expression. For the French and Italians, literature comes well at the top of the list. In contrast, mathematics is given priority by the British and economics/politics by the Germans. History occupies second place for the French, the Italians and Germans but is given very low priority by the British. For the Spanish these four areas are more or less equal, with mathematics having a slight edge.It seems that members of each country in the survey have a common definition of culture but that definition varies from country to country. The variations tend to support the national stereotypes we have of one another. The French and Italiansare literary peoples, the British scientific and the Germans practical and hard-working.France has the distinction, according to the results of the poll, of being the country which provokes most interest from its British, Italian and German neighbors. Spanish interviewees indicated more interest in Italy than in France. The French also placed Italy first. Italy occupies second place for both the British and the Germans. It would seem, then, that the "literary" nations of France and Italy are more culturally exciting than the scientific British or the practical Germans!The view of education in the five countries is particularly illuminating in view of the high cultural priority given to literature by both Italy and France because there is general agreement among the majority of the 5,000 interviewees that schooling should provide scientific and technical education rather than attempt to inculcate literary and artistic culture.The residents of the five countries of the survey share the view that books are the best way of broadening knowledge. The French, Germans, and Italians identify radio and television as the second best means of improving knowledge but for the British and Spanish travel is in second place and conversation and discussion in third place. The poll confirms that, though there are broad similarities among the nations surveyed, the British, French,Italians, Spanish and Germans do not share identical cultural preferences and classifications. There are, it would seem, specific national characteristics.62. What is the passage mainly about?[A] It is about people's preference in spare time.[B] It is about a poll interviewing people's cultural attitudes.[C] It is about a poll investigating people's view toward their neighboring countries.[D] It is about editorial criticizing cultures in different countries.63. Which of the following is NOT included in the questions directed to the interviewees?[A] Do you think literature, history, science, the arts, law, economics and so on should be regarded as significant components of culture?[B] What kind of education is most appropriate for the modem world?[C] What are the best channels of knowledge and the arts you most value?[D] Which European countries are most attractive from a cultural point of view?64. Which of the following statements about "the most important forms of cultural expression" is NOT correct?[A] The French and Italians consider literature more important than other forms of cultural expression.[B] Mathematics is considered most important by the British and the Germans.[C] In the eyes of the French, the Italians and Germans, history is more important than that in the eyes of the British.[D] For the Spanish, mathematics is somewhat more important than literature, history and economics/ politics.65. Which country are British, Italian, Spanish and German interviewees most interested in?[A] France. [B] Italy. [C] They do not share interests. [D] Neither of the two mentioned above.66. Which of the following is regarded as the best way of broadening knowledge by most people in this interview?[A] Conversation. [B] Books. [C] Travel. [D] Radio and television.Part Ⅴ ClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.There are more than forty universities in Britain-nearly twice as many as in 1960s. During the 1960s eight (67) new ones were founded, and ten other new ones were created by (68) old colleges of technologies into universities. In the same period the (69) of students more than doubled, from 70,000 to more than 200,000. By 1973 about 10% of men (70) from eighteen to twenty-one were in universities and about 5% of women. All the universities are (71) institutions. Each has its own governing councils, (72) some local businessmen and local politicians as (73) as a few academics. The state began to give (74) to them fifty years ago, and by 1970 each university derived nearly all its (75) from state grants. Students have to pay fees and living costs, (76) every student may receive from the local authority of the place where he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay his full (77) , including lodging and food unless his parents are (78) Most students (79) jobs in the summer for about six weeks, but they do not (80) do outside work during the (81) year. The Department of Education takes (82) for the payment which covers the whole (83) of the universities, but it does not exercise direct control. It can have an important influence (84) new developments through its power to (85) funds, but it takes the advice of the University Grants Committee, a body which is mainly (86) of academics.67. [A] essentially [B] completely [C] remarkably [D] comparatively68. [A] altering [B] transferring [C] converting [D] varying69. [A] amount [B] quantity [C] population [D] number70. [A] counted [B] aged [C] seemed [D] lived71. [A] public [B] individual [C] private [D] personal72. [A] including [B] consisting [C] making [D] taking73. [A] good [B] long [C] little [D] well74. [A] grants [B] pensions [C] revenues [D] degrees75. [A] payments [B] charges [C] profits [D] funds76. [A] and [B] but [C] or [D] so77. [A] costs [B] prices [C] fees [D] fares78. [A] poor [B] generous [C] kind-hearted [D] rich79. [A] earn [B] take [C] derive [D] offer80. [A] obviously [B] surprisingly [C] normally [D] particularly81. [A] professional [B] intellectual [C] rational [D] academic82. [A] responsibility [B] advice [C] duty [D] pleasure83. [A] damages [B] waste [C] expenses [D] salaries84. [A] over [B] to [C] on [D] for85. [A] collect [B] contribute [C] distribute [D] gather86. [A] consisted [B] composed [C] made [D] takenPart VI TranslationDirections: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. She has got used to________________________(用吸管喝牛奶) though she is only two months old.88. Depending on what you are looking for, you have to judge foryourself____________________________(这写资料对你来说有多大的相关性)。
2015大学英语四级考试题 考前冲刺试卷答案解析
—3—
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have justk.
B） Twice a week. C） Once a month. D） Twice a month. 23. A） No one.
pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）, and decide
英语四级考试全套模拟试题
英语四级考试全套模拟试题2015年英语四级考试全套模拟试题单项选择题1、根据以下资料，回答题：Drink from plastic bottles can raise the body's levels of a controversial "gender-bending" chemical by more than two thirds, according to tests.Experts have been concerned about the possible health effects of bisphenolA (BPA.--an everyday chemical used in many plastic food and drink containers and tins as well as clear baby bottles--which is officially classified as toxic in some countries.A study found that participants who drank for a week from polycarbonate (聚碳酸酯) bottles showed a 69 percent increase in their urine (尿液) of BPA.Researchers did not say how much liquid was drunk per day.Researchers from Harvard School ofPublic Health studied 77 students, who had first undergone a seven-day "washout" phase in which theydrank all cold beverages (饮料) from stainless steel bottles in order to minimise BPA exposure.They were then given two polycarbonate bottles and asked to drink all cold beverages from themduring the next week.Previous studies have suggested that high levels of BPA consumption are linked tobirth defects, growth problems and an increased risk of heart disease.In particular there are fears thatheating the bottles, as parents would do when warming their baby's milk, causes the chemical to leak inpotentially dangerous quantities into the liquid contained within."If you heat those bottles, as is the case with baby bottles, we would expect the levels to beconsiderably higher.This wouldbe of concern since infants may be particularly susceptible to BPA'shormone gland-disrupting (扰乱腺体极速分泌) potential." said the senior author of the latest study, Karin B.Michels.Most adults carry BPA in their bodies but expert opinion on the risks is divided.The European Food Safety Authority believes that people naturally convert the chemical into less harmful substances in the body.Previous studies had found that BPA could leach (渗出 ) from polycarbonate bottles into theircontents, but this study is the first to show the size of the corresponding increase in urinary BPAconcentrations in humans.Harvard researcher Jenny Carwile said, "While previous studies have demonstrated that BPA is linkedto adverse health effects, this study fills in a missing piece of the puzzle--whether or not polycarbonateplastic bottles are an important contributor to the amount of BPA in the body."What do we know about bisphenol A (BPA.from the beginning of the passage?A.It is certain substance taken in by human beings every day.B.It is a component contained in a number of plastic products.C.It is an element that plays a decisive role in people's gender.D.It is a kind of chemical that is universally regarded poisonous.2、Questions are based on the following passage.To get a sense of how women have progressed in science, take a quick tour of the physics department at the University of California, Berkeley. This is a storied place, the 36 of some of the most important discoveries in modern science--starting withErnest Lawrence's invention of the cyclotron (回旋加速器.in1931.A generation ago, female faces were 37 and, even today, visitors walking through the first floor of LeConte Hall will see a full corridor of exhibits 38 the many distinguished physicists who made history here, 39 all of them white males.But climb up to the third floor and you'll see a 40 display. There, among the photos of current faculty members and students, are portraits of the 41 head of the department, Marjorie Shapiro, and four other women whose research 42 everything from the mechanics of the universe to the smallest particles of matter. A sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago. Although they're still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty, women are clearly a presence here. And the real 43 may be in the smaller photos to the right: graduate and undergraduate students, about 20 percent of them female. Every year Berkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the country's top universities. That makes Shapiro optimistic, but also 44 "I believe things are getting better," she says, "but they're not getting better as 45 as I would like.A.circumstanceB.confidenceC.coversD.currentE.dealsF.differentG.exposingH.fastI.honoringJ.hopeK.presentlyL.rareM.realisticN.siteO.virtually第36题应填____3、略4、Questions are based on the following passage.The mobile phone is a magic device widely used these days. Although it has been nearly 30 years since the first commercial mobile-phone network was launched, advertisers have yet to figure out how to get their ___36___ out to mobile-phone users in a big way. There are 2.2 billion cell-phone users worldwide, a ___37___ that is growing by about 25% each year. Yet spending on ads carried over cell-phone networks l’t year ___38___ to just $ 1.5 billion worldwide, a fraction of the $ 424 billion global ad market.But as the number of eyeballs glued to ___39___ screens multiplies, so too does the mobile phone's value as a pocket billboard (广告的). Consumers are ___40___ using their phones for things other than voice calls, such as text messaging, downloading songs and games, and ___41___ the Internet. By 2010,70 million Asians are expected to be watching videos and TV programs on mobile phones. All of these activities give advertisem ___42___ options for reaching audiences. During soccer's World Cup last summer, for example, Adidas used real-time scores and games to ___43___ thousands of fans to a website set up for mobile-phone access. "Our target audience was males aged 17 to 25 ," says Marcus Spurrell, Adidas regional manager for Asia. "Their mobiles are always on, always in their pocket-you just can't ___44___. cell phones as an advertising tool. " Mobile-phone marketing has become as ___45___ a platform as TV, online or print.A.accessingB.amountedC.approachingD.attractE.casualF.charactexsG.freshH.ignoreI.increasinglyJ.messagesK.patientlyL.tinyM.totalN.violatedO.vital第36题为( )5、根据以下资料，回答题：Wbrld Must Adapt to Unknown Climate FutureA.There is still great uncertainty about the impacts of climate change，according to the latest report from the Intefgovernmental Panel on Climate Change，released today.So if we are to survive and prosper, rather than trying to fend off specific threats like cyclones，we must build flexible and resilient(有弹性的)societies.B.Today’s report is the second of three instalments(分期连载)of the IPCC’s fifth assessment of climate change.The first instalment，released last year,covered the physical science of climate change.It stated with increased certainty that climatechange is happenin9，and that it is the result of humanity’s greenhouse gas emissions.The new report focuses on the impacts of climate change and how to adapt to them.The third instalment，on how to cut greenhouse gas emissions，comes out in April.C.The latest report backs off from some of the predictions made in the previous IPCC report，in 2007.During the final editing process.the authors also retreated from many of the more confident projections from the final draft，leaked last year.The IPCC now says it often cannot predict which specific impacts of climate change—such as droughts，storms or floods——will hit particular places.D.Instead，the IPCC focuses on how people call adapt in the face of uncertainty,arguing that we must become resilient against diverse changes in the c limate.“The natural human tendency is to want things to be clear and simple.”says the report’s co-chair Chris Field of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Stanford，Califomia.“And one of the messages that doesn’t just come from the IPCC，it comes from history,is that the future doesn’t ever turn out the way you think it will be.”That means，Field adds，that‘'being prepared for a wide range of possible futures is iust always smart”.E.Here New Scientist breaks down what is new in the report，and what it means for humanity’s efforts to cope with a changing climate.A companion article，“How climate change will affect where you live”，highlights some of the key impacts that different regions are facing.What has changed in the new IPCC report?F.In essence，the predictions are intentionally vaguer.Much of the firlner language from the 2007 report about exactly whatkind of weather to expect，and how changes witl affect people，has been replaced with more cautious statements.The scale and timing of many regional impacts，and even the form of some，now appear uncertain.G.For example，the 2007 report predicted that the intensity of cyclones over Asia would increase by 10to 20 per cent.The new report makes no such claim.Similarly,the last report estimated that climate change would force up to a quarter of a billion Africans into water shortage by the end of this decade.The new report avoids using such firm numbers.H.The report has even watered down many of the more confident predictions that appeared in the lcaked drafts.Refer ences to“hundreds of millions”of people being affected by rising sea levels have been removed from the summary,as have statements about the impact of warmer temperatures on crops.“I think it's gone back a bit，”says Jean Palutikof of Griffith University in Brisbane，Queensland，Australia，who worked on the 2007 report.“That may be a good thing.In the fourth [climate assessment]we tried to do things that weren’t really possible and the fifth has sort of rebalanced the whole thing.”So do we know less than we did before?。
2015年6月英语四级考试模拟卷及答案解析4
2015年6月英语四级考试模拟卷及答案解析Part one WritingDirections : For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Sounds in three paragraphs You have been given the first sentence of each paragraph .You should write at least 100 words .Sounds1)The world is filled with many sounds_____________2)Some sounds are useful __________3)But some sounds are harmful _________Part threeReading Comprehension ( 35minutes )Directions : There are 4 passages in this part .Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements .For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) , D) . Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center .Question 21 to 35 are based on the followingpassage .The beat generation mainly referred to the youth who were born and brought up around the Second World War . They showed their disdain ( ) for almost everything traditional , such as government authority , respect for parents , one’s duty , moral standards , and traditional customs . They developed a kind of absolute individualism and liberty. They preferred long hair , minidresses or close-fitting clothes to show off the figure . They advocated freedom of sex and cohabitation ( ) . Their influence could be seen from the fact that about one third of the American couples living together were not married by law . And the divorce rate was very high . The endless U.S wars abroad and sharp class struggle at home caused many American youths to develop akind of cynicism . They doubted the existing social system , possibility of harmonious human relations , and the long-honored standard for correct behavior . They felt society overlooked their needs . Therefore , they refused to do any duty that was required of them by society . They declared “Don’t believe anyone over thirty .”All this came from the sick society . It’s wrong to imagine they all fought against capitalism in support of revolutionary things . Some of their ideas were even more decadent () and impractical . It was an abnormal phenomenon in an abnormalsociety.21. Based on the passage , how many of one hundred and twenty American couples of the beat generation practiced cohabitation .A)about 20 couples B) about 40 couples C)about 60 couples D) about 30 couples22. Which of the following is TRUE accordingto the passage ?A)The beat generation refused to do any dutyB)The beat generation was in support ofalmost everything traditional .C)The beat generation believes no one exceptthat he is over thirty .D)The beat generation’s ideas were notimpractical .23. “Cynicism” in this passage most probablymeans ______.A)a state of mind against realismB) a state of mind doubting everything inexistence.C)a theory advocating mutual helpD)a theory advocating individualism24. The reason why the beat generation refused to cooperate with society was ____.A) they had no interest B) they found hard tocooperation with itC)the laws block their way to do so . D) theythought their need was neglected .25. This passage is mainly about _____.A)the young Americans B) the generation gap .C)the education of the young D) an Americansocial phenomenonQuestion 26 to 30 are based on the followingpassage .Tress should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , the number of such reasons is small . Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches , and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from the tree to grow in itsown way .First , pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size . The object may be to get a tree of the right height , and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches , which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape . Secondly , pruning may be done to make the tree heavier . You may cut out diseased or dead wood , or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds . The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air . One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease , but it is a wound that will heal . Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die , so that there is a period when the tree is at risk . It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible . It is essential to make the area , which has been pruned smooth , and clean , for healing will be slowed down byroughness . You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops especially for this purpose . Pruning is usually done in winter , for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed . If this does happen , it is , of course , impossible to paint them properly .26. Pruning should be done to _____.A)make the tree grow taller . B) does notprotect them form the windC)get rid of the small branches D) make thesmall branches thicker .27. Trees become unhealthy if thegardener_______A)allows too many branches to grow in themiddleB)does not protect them from the windC)forces them grow too quicklyD)damages some of the small side branches.28 . Why is a special substance painted on thetree ?A)to make a wound smooth .B)to prevent disease entering a wound .C)to cover a rough surface .D) to help a wound to dry .29. A good gardener prunes tree ____A) at intervals throughout the yearB) as quickly as possibleC) occasionally when necessaryD) regularly every winter30 . What was the author’s purpose whenwriting this passage ?A)to give practical instruction for pruninga treeB)to give a gardener description of pruningC)to explain how trees develop diseaseD)to discuss different methods of pruningQuestion 31 to 35 are based on the followingpassage .On Thursday afternoon Mrs.Carke , dressed for going out , took her handbag with her money and her key in it , pulled the door behind her to lock it and went to the over 60s Club . She always went there on Thursdays . It was a nice outing for an old woman who lived alone .At six o’clock she came home , let herself in and at once smelt cigarette smoke in her house ? How ? Had someone got in ? She checked the back door and the windows . All were locked or fastened , as usual . There was no sign of forced entry .Over a cup of tea she wondered whether someone might have a key that fitted her front door-“a master key” perhaps . So she stayed at home the following Thursday .Nothing happened . Was anyone watching her movements ? On the Thursday after that she went out at her usual time , dressed as usual , but she didn’t go to the club . Instead she took a short cut home again , letting herself in through her garden and the back door . Shesettled down to wait .It was just after four o’clock when the front door bell rang . Mrs.Clarke was making a cup of tea at the time . The bell rang again , and then she heard her letter-box being pushed open . With the kettle of boiling water in her hand , she moved quietly towards the front door . A long piece of wire appeared through the letter-box , and then a hand . The wire turned and caught around the knob on the door-lock Mrs.Clark raised the kettle and poured the water over the hand . These was a shout outside , and the skin seemed to drop off thefingers like a glove . The wire fell to the floor , the band was pulled back , and Mrs.Clarke heard the sound of running feet .31.Mrs.Clarke looked forward to Thursdaybecause ___________.A)She worked at a club on ThursdayB) She had visitors on ThursdayC) She visited a club on ThursdayD) a special visitor came on Thursday32. If someone had made a forced entry ______.A)Mrs. Clarke would have found a broken dooror window .B)He or she was still in the houseC)Things would have been thrown aboutD)He or she would have needed a master key33.On the third Thursday Mrs. Clarke went out_____.A)because she didn’t want to miss the clubagainB)to see if the thief was hanging aboutoutsideC)to the club but then changed her mindD)in an attempt to trick the thief34.The lock on the front door was one which _____.A)needed a piece of wire to open itB)could be opened from outside without a keyC) couldn’t be opened without a keyD) used a knob instead of a key35. The wire fell to the floor _______.A)because Mrs. Clarke refused to open thedoorB) when the man’s glove dropped offC) because it was too hot to holdD) because the man just wanted to get awayQuestion 36 to 40 are based on the followingpassage .Disney World , Florida , is the biggest amusement resort in the world . It covers 24.4 thousand acres , and is twice the size of Manhattan .It was opened on October 1 , 1971 , five years later Walt Disney’s death , and it is a larger , slightly more ambitious version of Disneyland near Los Angeles . Foreigners tend to associate Walt Disney with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , and with his other famous cartoon characters , Mickey Mouse , Donald Duck and Pluto , or with his nature films , whose superb photography is spoiled , in the opinion of some , by the vulgarity of the commentary and musicalbackground .There is very little that could be called vulgar in Disney World . It attracts people of most taste and most income groups , and people of all ages , from toddlers to grandpas . There are two expensive hotels , a golf course , and forest trails for horseback riding and rivers for canoeing . But the central attraction of the resort is the Magic Kingdom .Between the huge parking lots and the Magic Kingdom lies a broad artificial lake . In the distance rise the towers of Cinderella’s Castle , which like every other building in the Kingdom is built of solid materials . Even getting to the Magic Kingdom’s is quite and adventure . You have a choice of transportation . You can either crossthe lake on a replica of a Mississippi paddle-wheeler , or you can glide around the shore in a streamlined monorail train .When you reach the terminal , you walk straight into a little square which faces Main Street is late 19th century . There are modernshops inside the buildings ,but all the decades are of the period . There are hanging baskets full of red and white flowers , and there is no traffic except a horse-draw streetcar and an ancient double-decider bus . Yet as you walk through the magic Kingdom , you are actually walking on top of a network of underground roads . This is how the shops , restaurants and all the other material needs of the Magic Kingdom are invisiblysupplied .36. In which year did Walt Disney die ?A)1971 B)1976 C)1966 D)190037. The main attraction of Disney World is_____.A)the Severn Dwarfs B) Mickey Mouse C) DonaldDuck D) The Magic World38. Reaching the Magic Kingdom is _______.A)Adventurous B) dangerous C) difficult D)easy39. When one visits the biggest amusement inthe world , one will find _____.A)it is relatively cheap B) it is very expensive C) it just wastes his time D) it isvulgar40 .Why is Disney World the most famousamusement resort ?A)It is funny B) It is interesting C) It is the biggest one D) It is the most expensivePart III Vocabulary and Structure (20minutes )Directions : There are 30 inco9mplete sentence in this part . For each sentence there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) , and D) . Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence . Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter .41. The number of _____ species increasesevery year as natural habitats disappear .A.dangerous B .serious C. endangered D.hazardous42. Aluminum as well as most metals _____.A.is a good conductorB. is a good insulatorC. are good conductorsD. are good insulators43. Outline are used most often to ______the contents of long complex papers before the actualwriting begins .A.sketchB. illustrateC. drawD. describe44. There are ten on the list , so you are_______.A . an eleventhB . the eleventhC . an elevenD . eleven 45. To get a high score ______.A . working hard is neededB . one must workhard .C . working hard is very importantD .requirement is what needed46 . “ I’m tired , but let’s go”“ Why____ rest a while ?”A.let’sB. not let’s C . not D . let’s not47. I shall never allow you to marry the poor girl and you are not may son if you _____.A . haveB . marriedC . do notD . do48. He is _____ of a musician .A . anybody B. anyone C . somebody D .something49. William the Conqueror built the Tower of London to protect himself from_____ he hadconquered .A . thoseB . each otherC . themD . it50 . I probably know him _____ but not _____ .A . by the sight …By nameB . by a sight …by nameC . by sight … by nameD . by the sight …by the name51 . I want an assistant with _____ little knowledge of French and ____ experience of officeroutine .A . the … aB . the … anC . a … theD .a … an52. She killed him not because she loved himless but ______.A . she loved the country moreB . loved thecountry moreC . loving the country more D. because sheloved the country more53. Then _____ of that time when he wascowboy .A . Comes the memoryB . came the memory C.the memory comes D . the memory came54. Busy ____ he is , he can fulfill the taskahead of schedule .A . becauseB . asC . no matter howD .although55. No sooner had he found his purse missing_____ he cried and shouted loudly .A . whenB . thanC . beforeD . while56 . Children , we have to _____ what we have now and it is for you to get better things in thefuture .A. make up for B . run away with C . do awaywith D . put up with57. Mr. Jack _____volleyball in the afternoon , but now his leg wounded , ____ in theevening .A . used to play … is used to taking a walkB . used to playing … is used to take a walkC . was used to playing … used to taking a walk D. was used to play … used to take a walk58. I wonder what the boy will ____ such a sumof money .A . do upB . do withC . do forD . do to59. Do you object _____with you tonight ?A . thatB . for my stayingC . to that I shallstay D . to my staying60. We must ____ the telegram arrived intime .A . secureB . assureC . ensureD . certify61. If only I _____ the books on the readinglist before I attended the lecture .A . readB . have readC . had readD . couldhave read62. While crossing the mountain areas , all the men had guns for protection lest they _____bythe local bandits .A . be attackedB . were attackedC . must beattacked D . would be attacked63 . He burned all the important documents ____ that they should fall into the enemy’shands .A . unlessB . for fearC . untilD . so64. Up went the prices , ______.A . down the living standard comeB . theliving standard came downC . came down the living standardD . down camethe living standard65. Although he is more serious _____ his studied than I am , my grades are better than his .A . withB . forC . aboutD . at66. People can _____ new ideas which nobodyever considered before .A . came intoB . come up withC . come outD . come along with67.During their first teacher-training year , the students often visited local schools for the____ of lessons .A. observationB. observanceC.investigation D. inspection68. Old men sat on the park benches , waitingthe village youths ____football .A. playB. playingC. to playD. played69. The science of medicine , _____ progress has been very rapid lately , is perhaps the most important of all science .A. to which B . with which C. in which D . amongwhich70. They were just going to give up the question , _____ suddenly they found the answer .A. whenB. afterC. unlessD. unlessPart IV Close (15 minutes )Direction : There are 20 blanks in the following passage . For each blank there are four choices marked A) , B ) , C ) , and D ) on the right side of the paper . You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage . Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the centre .In the next 40 years , the percentage of people in the United States over the age of 65 is expected to double . __71__the needs of this part of the populations a _72_ to the ingenuity () of America . To a _73_ degree , a society is judged by __74_ it cares for those who can no longer care_75_themselves .High technology _76_ the most startling advances in helping the elderly . In _77_ to the well-known artificial heart implantation () , there are efforts underway to _78_ artificial lungs , livers , and bones . An electric ear is _ 79_ seventy-five percent effective . The implants will _80_ better medical care by _81_ minute does of drugs into the body continuously .For the older people ,even the simplest tasks can be difficult , _82_ impossible to perform . American business have responded _83_ their needs with a _84_ of inexpensive but useful _85_ Companies have designed extra-efficient can openers that _86_ people whose hands have become -87_ weak to open cans easily . There are devices that allow people to pull on a pair of socks _88_straining their backs . Combs with long handles and U-shaped back brushes are _89_ for those who can not reach as _90_ as they could when they were young . 71.A) Seeing B) Meeting C)Facing D) Matching 72. A) chance B) challenge C)call D) change73. A) valuable B) comprehensive C)considerate D) considerable74. A) how B) why C) who D) whom75. A) with B) to C) upon D) for76. A) protects B) profits C) proclaims D)promises77. A) relation B) contrast C) addition D)proportion78. A) discover B) promote C) assemble D)develop79. A) thus B) still C) already D) yet80. A) permit B) persist C) serve D) pursue81. A) removing B)releasing C) relieving D)replacing82. A) always B) usually C) eventually D)sometimes83. A) to B) at C) with D) on84. A) set B) variety C) series D) group85. A)production B)produce C) products D)sales86. A)enable B) make C) cause D) encourage87. A) so B) very C) too D) rather88. A) by B)without C) in D) through89. A) valuable B) ready C) near D) available90. A) long B) good C) far D) much参考答案Writing SoundsThe world is filled with many sounds . Everyday we are surrounded by all kinds , such asmusic and noise .Some sounds are useful . Among these useful sound , music is very important . Music brings a lot of pleasure to us and makes our lives colorful . Of course , there are also other useful sounds . Such as whistles of police car which inform us togive way to emergency .But some sounds as harmful . For example , the noise made by the loudspeaker of a car can disturb our peaceful lives . Therefore , in some cities , cars are forbidden to blow whistles . In the end , we hope the world can be filled with more useful sounds and less harmful sounds .Listening Comprehension Section A1. C2. D3. A4. B5.C6. D7. A8. B9. C10. D11. domestic 12. conventional 13. scattered 14. remote 15. mountainous 16. extensive 17. competition 18. Despite 19. business 20. utilizedReading Comprehension21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. A 28.B 29.C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33.D 34. B 35. D 36.C 37.D 38. A 39. A 40. CPart III Vocabulary and Structure41. C 42. A 43. A 44. B 45. B46. C 47.D 48. D 49. A 50. C51. C 52. D 53. B 54. B 55. B56. D 57. A 58. B 59. B 60. C61. C 62. A 63. B 64. D 65. C66. B 67. A 68. B 69. C 70. A71. B 72. B 73. D 74. D 75. D76. D 77. C 78. D 79. C 80. A81. B 82. D 83. A 84. B 85. C86. A 87. C 88. B 89. D 90. C。
2015年12月四级考试模拟试卷及答案（12）
A.A reader should find some mistakes when he is reading.
B.The more difficult a book is, the more you can get from it.
C.To read something is easier than to watch something.
A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new ide as, to apply them to achieve some new results. To think up a new concept is one thing; to put the idea to work is another.
D.by way of watching the objects attentively
2015年12月大学英语四级考试模拟题
2015年12月大学英语四级考试模拟题Part IIListening Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B), C.and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre..1. A) Go to a place he has visited.B) Make her own arrangements.C) Consult a travel agent.D) Join in a package tour.2. A) They are on a long trip by car.B) They are stuck in a traffic jam.C) They are used to getting up early.D) They are tired of eating out at night.3. A) He is a person difficult to deal with.B) He dislikes any formal gathering.C) He is unwilling to speak in public.D) He often keeps a distance from others.4. A) Work in another department.B) Pursue further education.C ) Recruit graduate students.D) Take an administrative job.5. A) He would not be available to start the job in time.B) He is not quite qualified for the art director position.C) He would like to leave some more time for himself.D) He will get his application letter ready before May 1.6. A) Cleaner.B) Mechanic.C) Porter.D) Salesman.7. A) Request one or two roommates to do the cleaning.B) Help Laura with her term paper due this weekend.C) Get Laura to clean the apartment herself this time.D) Ask Laura to put off the cleaning until another week.8. A) A problem caused by the construction.B) An accident that occurred on the bridge.C) The building project they are working on.D) The public transportation conditions.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) To look for a job as a salesperson.B) To have a talk with Miss Thompson.C) To place an order for some products.D) To complain about a faulty appliance.10. A) The person in charge is not in the office.B) The supplies are out of stock for the moment.C) They failed to reach an agreement on the price.D) The company is re-cataloguing the items.11. A) 0743, 12536 extension 15.B) 0734, 21653 extension 51.C) 0734, 38750 extension 15.D) 0743, 62135 extension 51.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Since he found a girlfriend.B) Since he took to heavy smoking,C) Since he began to exercise regularly.D) Since he started to live on his own.13. A) He is getting too, fat.B) He smokes too much.C) He doesn't eat vegetables.D) He doesn't look well at all.14. A) They are overweight for their age.B) They are respectful to their parents.C) They are still in their early twenties.D) They dislike doing physical exercise.15. A) To quit smoking,B) To reduce his weight.C) To find a girlfriend.D) To follow her advice.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B), C) and D ). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre..Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) She had a desire to help others.B) She wanted to learn a foreign language.C) She could not find another job.D) She wanted to visit Brazil.17. A) Study the history and culture of BrazilB) Work on an agricultural project.C)Build a new village in northeastern Brazil.D) Help plant and water the crops.18. A) She wanted to practice her Portuguese.B) The Peace Corps asked her to go back.C) She was needed in another project.D) She could not get the country out of her mind.19. A) By renting out her apartment.B) By writing stories for American newspapers.C) By doing translation work for the Peace Corps.D) By doing part-time jobs on a farm.Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A) Peaceful.B) Considerate.C) Generous.D) Cooperative.21. A) Someone dumped the clothes left in the washer and dryer.B) Someone broke the washer and dryer by overloading them.C) Mindy Lance's laundry blocked the way to the laundry room.D) Mindy Lance threatened to take revenge on her neighbors.22. A) Asking the neighborhood committee for help.B) Limiting the amount of laundry for each wash.C) Informing the building manager of the matter.D) Installing a few more washers and dryers.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) She is both a popular and highly respected author,B) She is the most love African novelist of a J1 times.C) She is the most influential author since the 1930's.D) She is the first writer to focus on the fate of slaves.24. A) The Book Critics Circle Award.B) The Nobel Prize for literature.C) The Pulitzer Prize for fiction.D) The National Book Award.25. A) She is a relative of Morrison's.B) She is a slave from Africa.C) She is a skilled storyteller.D) She is a black woman.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Many college students today own personal computers that cost anywhere from $1,000 to perhaps $ 5,000 or more. (26 )____, it is not uncommon for them to purchase( 27 )_____costing another several hundred dollars, Twenty years ago, computers were （28）_____ , but they were very large and extremely expensive. Few, if any, （29）_____ purchased computers for home use..Over the years the price of the "guts" of a computer-its memory-has declined to less than a thousandth of the price per unit of memory that prevailed twenty years ago. This is the main reason why computers cost so much less today than they used to. Moreover, （30）_____ improvements have made it possible to （31 ）_____memory circuitry that is small enough to fit into the portable personal computers that many of us own and use. （32 ）_____, as the price of computation has declined the average consumer and business have spent more on purchasing computers.(33)_____ , improved agricultural technology, hybrid (杂交) seeds, (34)_____ animal breeding, and so on have vastly increased the amount of output a typical farmer can produce. The prices of goods such as meats and grains have fallen sharply relative to the prices of most other goods andservices. As agricultural prices have fallen, many households have decreased their total expenses on food. Even though the (35)_____of a product purchased generally increase when its price falls, total expenses on it may decline.Part III Reading Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You arerequired to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.For decades, Americans have taken for granted the United States' leadership position in the development of new technologies. The innovations (创新) that resulted from research and development during World War Ⅱ and afterwards were 36 to the prosperity of the nation in the second half of the 20th century. Those innovations, upon which virtually all aspects of37society now depend,were possiblebecause the United States then38the world in mathematics and science education.Today, however, despite increasing demand for workers with strong skills in mathematics and science,the39of degrees awarded in science, math, and engineering are decreasing.The decline in degree production in what are called the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math) seems to be40related to the comparatively weak performance byU.S.schoolchildren on international assessments of math and science. Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. According to the 2005 report of the Business-Higher Education Forum,22percent of college freshmen must take remedial (补习的) math41, and less than half of the students who plan to major in science or engineering42complete a major in those fields.The result has been a decrease in the number of American college graduates who have the skills,43in mathematics, to power a workforce that can keep the country at the forefront (前沿)of innovation and maintain its standard of living. With the44performance of American students in math and science has come increased competition from students from other countries that have strongly supported education in these areas. Many more students earn45in the STEM disciplines in developing countries than in the United States.Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ）, B ）, C ） and D ）．.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments in human history,comparable in impact to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph. Over two billion people worldwide now have access to vastly more information than ever before, and can communicate with each other instantly, often using Web-connected mobile devices they carry everywhere. But the Internet's tremendous impact has only just begun."Mass adoption of the Internet is driving one of the most exciting social, cultural, and political transformations in history, and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global," Schmidt and Cohen write in their new book, The New Digital Age.Perhaps the most profound changes will come when the five billion people worldwide who currently lack Internet access get online. The authors do an excellent job of examining theimplications of the Internet revolution for individuals, governments, and institutions like the news media. But ff the book has one major shortcoming, it's that the authors don't spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these sweeping changes.In their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes--and more importantly predicts--how the Internet will shape our lives in the coming decades. They paint a picture of a world in which individuals, companies, institutions, and governments must deal with two realities,one physical, and one virtual.At the core of the book is the idea that"technology is neutral, but people aren't." By using this concept as a starting point, the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy (对立观点) that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the A ． acceleratingB ． actuallyC ． closelyD ． contemporaryE ． coursesF ． criticalG ． decliningH ． degreesI ． especially J ． future K ． led L ． met M ． procedures N ． proportions O ． spheresInternet will ultimately be good or bad for society. In an interview with TIME earlier this week, Cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of the Internet, they're also realistic about the risks and dangers that lie ahead when the next five billion people come online, particularly with respect to personal privacy and state surveillance (监视).46. In what way is the rise of the Internet similar to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph?A．It transforms human history.B．It facilitates daily communication.C．It is adopted by all humanity.D．It revolutionizes people's thinking.47. How do Schmidt and Cohen describe the effects of the Internet?A．They are immeasurable.B．They are worldwide.C．They are unpredictable.D．They are contaminating.48. In what respect is the book The New Digital Age considered inadequate?A．It fails to recognize the impact of the Internet technology.B．It fails to look into the social implications of the Internet.C．It lacks an objective evaluation of the role of Internet businesses.D．It does not address the technical aspects of Internet communication.49. What will the future be like when everybody gets online?A．People will be living in two different realities.B．People will have equal access to information.C．People don't have to travel to see the world.D．People don't have to communicate face to face.50. What does the passage say about the authors of The New Digital Age?A．They leave many questions unanswered concerning the Internet.B．They are optimistic about the future of the Internet revolution.C．They have explored the unknown territories of the virtual world.D．They don't take sides in analyzing the effects of the Internet.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.In 1950, a young man would have found it much easier than it is today to get and keep a job inthe auto industry. And in that year the average autoworker could meet monthly mortgage (抵押贷款)payments on an average home with just 13.4 percent of his take-home pay. Today a similar mortgage would claim more than twice that share of his monthly earnings.Other members of the autoworker's family, however, might be less inclined to trade the present for the past. His retired parents would certainly have had less economic security back then. Throughout much of the 1960s, more than a quarter of men and women age 65 and older lived below the poverty level, compared to less than 10 percent in 2010.In most states, his wife could not have taken out a loan or a credit card in her own name. In 42 states, a homemaker had no legal claim on the earnings of her husband. And nowhere did a wife have legal protection against family violence.Most black workers would not want to return to a time when, on average, they earned 40 percent less than their white counterparts (职位相对的人), while racially restrictive agreements largely prevented them from buying into the suburban neighborhoods being built for white working-class families.Today, new problems have emerged in the process of resolving old ones, but the solution is not to go back to the past. Some people may long for an era when divorce was still hard to come by. The spread of no-fault divorce has reduced the bargaining power of whichever spouse is more interested in continuing the relationship. And the breakup of such marriages has caused pain for many families.The growing diversity of family life comes with new possibilities as well as new challenges. Accord-ing to a recent poll, more than 80 percent of Americans believe that their current family is as close as the one in which they grew up, or closer. Finding ways to improve the lives of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age.51. What do we learn about American autoworkers in 1950?A．They had less job security than they do today.B．It was not too difficult for them to buy a house.C．Their earnings were worth twice as much as today.D．They were better off than workers in other industries.52. What does the author say about retired people today?A．They invariably long to return to the golden past.B．They do not depend so much on social welfare.C．They feel more secure economically than in the past.D．They are usually unwilling to live with their children.53. Why couldn't black workers buy a house in a white suburban neighborhood?A．They lacked the means of transportation.B．They were subjected to racial inequality.C．They were afraid to break the law.D．They were too poor to afford it.54. What is the result of no-fault divorce?A．Divorce is easier to obtain.B．Domestic violence is lessened.C．It causes little pain to either side.D．It contributes to social unrest.55. What does the author suggest society do?A．Get prepared to face any new challenges.B．Try to better the current social security net.C．Narrow the gap between blacks and whites.D．Improve the lives of families with problems.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国应进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2％。
2015年大学英语四级语法模拟试题强化训练汇编14套卷含答案
大学英语四级语法模拟试题汇编收录四级语法模拟试题含答案目录全真语法模拟试题强化训练1 (3)全真语法模拟试题强化训练1答案与解析 (5)全真语法模拟试题强化训练2 (7)全真语法模拟试题强化训练2答案与解析 (8)全真语法模拟试题强化训练3 (10)全真语法模拟试题强化训练3答案与解析 (12)全真语法模拟试题强化训练4 (14)全真语法模拟试题强化训练4答案与解析 (16)全真语法模拟试题强化训练5 (18)全真语法模拟试题强化训练5答案与解析 (20)全真语法模拟试题强化训练6 (22)全真语法模拟试题强化训练6答案与解析 (24)全真语法模拟试题强化训练7 (25)全真语法模拟试题练7答案与解析 (27)全真语法模拟试题强化训练8 (30)全真语法模拟试题强化训练8答案与解析 (33)全真语法模拟试题强化训练9 (37)全真语法模拟试题练9答案与解析 (38)全真语法模拟试题强化训练10 (42)全真语法模拟试题强化训练10答案与解析 (43)全真语法模拟试题强化训练11 (47)全真语法模拟试题练11答案与解析 (49)全真语法模拟试题强化训练12 (53)全真语法模拟试题强化训练12答案与解析 (55)全真语法模拟试题强化训练13 (58)全真语法模拟试题练13答案与解析 (60)全真语法模拟试题强化训练14 (64)全真语法模拟试题强化训练14答案与解析 (66)全真语法模拟试题强化训练一1.____in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.A. Unpopular has as white beenB. White has been as unpopularC. Unpopular has been as whiteD. Unpopular as white has been2.____for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A. There has been no rainB. Having no rainC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain3. The millions of calculations involved, ____by hand, would have lost allpractical value by the time they were finished.A. had they been doneB. they had been doneC. having been doneD. they were done4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exactmoment____.A. which they are happeningB. they are happeningC. which they happenD. they have happened5.____me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accidentcould handle a pen with his feet.A. That amazedB. It amazedC. Which amazedD.What amazed6. Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was veryyoung, ____she was twenty five.A. her first real success did not come untilB. her real first success came until notC. since her first real success did not come untilD. not until her first real success7. You should know better than____ your little sister at home by herself.A. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. left8. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____grab a bite at thesnack bar.A. may wellB. just as wellC. might as wellD. as well9. She resorted to ____ when she had no money to buy foods for herchildren.A. have stolenB. stealC. stoleD. stealing10. The boy has admitted to ____ the window while playing footballyesterday.A. breakingB. having been brokenC. breakD. be breaking11. Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets ____intransit.A. misusedB. mishandledC. mistakenD.mislaid12.____money, she is quite rich. However, this does not mean that she ishappy.A. ConcerningB. As toC. In terms ofD. In the light of13. A well written composition ____good choice of words and clear organization among other things.A. calls forB. calls onC. calls upD. calls off14. It is ____with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what shereally likes and wants until the last moment.A. in her honorB. on her honorC. a point of honorD. an honor15. This house will probably come on the ____next month.A. fairB. marketC. shopD. store16. George was introduced to ____activities at a young age, when she washire to act as a lookout for drugdealers.A. illegalB. lawfulC. faithfulD. peaceful17. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of highereducation____.A. settlementB. establishmentC. costructionD. structure18. People’s status in society is frequently ____by how much they own.A. measuredB. examinedC. testedD.questioned19. Jack is so ____to his appearance that he never has his clothes pressed.A. adverseB. anonymousC. indifferentD.casual20. There is an increasing ____to make movies describing violence.A. strengthB. directionC. traditionD. trend21. Outside my office window there is a fire ____ on the right.A. escapeB. ladderC. stepsD. stairs22. I ____with the Browns during my stay in New York City.A. put inB. put downC. put onD. put up23. Operations which left patients ____ and in need of long periods ofdiscovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.A. exhaustedB. unhealthyC. upsetD.fearful24. Farmers are allowed to grow small gardens of their own and they sell theirvegetables ____ the black market.A. onB. atC. inD. for25. The electric fan does not work because of the ____of service.A. pauseB. breakC. interruptionD.breakdown全真语法模拟试题强化训练一答案与解析1. D) 【句意】虽然白色过去不受欢迎，但目前它是婚纱的首选颜色。
2015届模拟考试4英语试卷(A)
2015届模拟考试4英语试题（A卷）注意事项：本试卷由选择题和非选择题两大部分组成。
选择题包括第一部分和第二部分；非选择题为第三部分。
全卷满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
第一部分：英语知识运用（共四节，满分55分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
1. private A. abolish B. assist C. minus D. business2. cheese A. radios B. aside C. adjust D. diverse3. around A. tough B. count C. cough D. routine4. tension A. session B. division C. revision D. decision5. wolves A. coaches B. cakes C. bridges D. potatoes第二节情景对话（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）根据对话情景和内容，从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Jenny: Could you please give me some advice about how to keep fit?Jordan: 6Jenny: What’s your favorite sport?Jordan: I play table tennis every day, and I play basketball and go swimming every twodays. 7 Do you like sports?Jenny: Oh, yes. 8 And I often go to the stadium to cheer for my favorite team.Jordan: It seems that you like watching them more. 9Jenny: I used to go swimming a lot but not any more now.Jordan: I think you should do some sports. I’m going swimming today. 10Jenny: I would love to.A.I’m also fond of Kung Fu.B.Which team is your favorite?C.But you are in good shape now.D.The best way is to play sports.E.Would you like to go with me?F.I like watching sports programs on TV.G.What sports do you usually take part in?第三节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
15年英语四级大学模拟考试—解析
15年英语四级大学模拟考试——解析Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a singleline through the centre.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: Every year 100 million holiday—makers are drawn to the Mediterranean. With one third of the world's tourist trade, it is the most popular of all the holiday destinations; it is also the most polluted.It has only 1 per cent of the world's sea surface, but carries more than half the oil and tar floating on the waters. Thousands of factories pour their poison into the Mediterranean, and almost every city, town and village on the coast sends its sewage, untreated, into the sea. The result is that the Mediterranean, which nurtured so many civilizations, is gravely ill—the first of the seas to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes that evolved around it. And the pollution does not merely keep back life of the sea—it threatens the people who inhabit and visit its shores. The mournful form of disease is caused by sewage.Eighty five per cent of the waste from the Mediterranean's 120 coastal cities is pushed out in to the waters where their people and visitors bathe and fish. What is more, most cities just drop it in straight off the beach; rare indeed are the places like Cannes and Tel Aviv which pipe it even half a mile offshore. Not surprisingly, vast areas of the shallows are awash with bacteria and it doesn't take long for these to reach people. Professor William Brumfitt of the Royal Free Hospital once calculated that anyone who goes for a swim in the Mediterranean has a one in seven chance of getting some sort of disease. Other scientists say this is an overestimate; but almost all of them agree that bathers are at risk. Industry adds its own poisons. Factories cluster round the coastline, and even the most modern rarely has proper waste treatment plant. They do as much damage to the sea as sewage. But the good news is that the countries of the Mediterranean have been coming together to work out how to save their common sea. 21. The causes of the Mediterranean's pollution is____. A) the oil and tar floating on the water B) many factories put their poison into the sea C) untreated sewage from the factories and coastal cities D) there are some sorts of diseases in the sea 22. Which of following consequence of a polluted sea is not true according to the passage? A) Bring up so many civilizations. B) Various diseases in the sea. C) It threatens the inhabitants and travelers. D) One in seven chance of getting some sort of disease swimming in the sea. 23. The word “sewage”refer to ____. A) poison C) liquid material B) waste D) solid material 24. Why does industry do much damage to the sea? A) Because most factories have proper waste treatment plants. B) Because many factories have not properwaste treatment plants even the most modern one. C) Because just the modern factory has a waste treatment plant. D) Because neither ordinary factories nor most modern ones have p roper waste treatment plants. 25. What is the passage mainly about? A) Save the world. B) How the people live in the Mediterranean sea. C) How the industry dangers the sea. D) Beware the dirty sea.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: THE CLASSROOM is a man's world, where boys gettwo thirds of the teachers' attention — even when they are in a minority— taunt (辱骂) the girls without punishment, and receive praise for sloppy work that would not be tolerated from girls. They are accustomed to being teachers' pets, and if girls get anything like equal treatment, they will protest eagerly and even wreck lessons. These claims are made in a book out this week, written by Dale Spender, a lecturer at the London University Institute of Education. She argues that discrimination against girls is so deeply in co educational schools that single sex classes are the only answer.Her case is based on tape recordings of her own and other teachers' lessons. Many of them, like Spender, had deliberately set out to give girls a fair chance.“Sometimes,” says Spender, “I have even thought I have gone too far and have spent more time with the girls than the boys.” The tapes proved otherwise. In 10 taped lessons (in secondary school and college), Spender never gave the girlsmore than 42 per cent of her attention (the average was 38 percent) and never gave the boys less than 58 percent. There were similar results for other teachers, both male and female. In other words, when teachers give girls more than a third of their time, they feel that they are cheating the boys of their rightful share. And so do the boys themselves. “She always asks the girls all the questions,” said one boy in a classroom where 34 per cent of the teachers' time was allocate d to girls. “She doesn't like boys, and just listens to the girls.” said a boy in another class, where his sex got 63 per cent of teacher attention. Boys regarded two thirds of the teacher's time as a fair deal — and when they got less they caused trouble in class and even complained to higher authority. “It's important to keep their attention,” said one teacher, “Otherwise, they play you up something awful.” Spender concludes that, in mixed classes, if the girls are as boisterous and pushy as the boys, they are considered “unladylike”, if they are docile and quiet, they are ignored. 26. If boys are better treated in class, ____ would be better. A) single sex classes and co educational classes B) co educational classes C) single sex classes D) None of the above 27. Dale Spender obtained the evidence for her claims by ____ . A) her own lessons in secondary school and college B) the other teachers' tape recordings C) both male and female teachers D) tape recordings of her own and other teachers' lessons 28. What are the boy's reactions when girls are given more attention? A) They will keep the teachers' attention again. B) They will make some trouble and complain to the headmaster. C) They will play up the teacher something awful. D) They will feel they are cheated by teachers. 29. The word “boisterous” in the last paragraph probably means ____. A) rough B) brave C)troublesome D) emotional 30. The best title for this passage would be ____. A) boys are teachers' pets B) boys do better in co educational classes C) single sex classes are better than co eduationedclasses D) girls do better than boysQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: Gestures aren't the only area in which the unwary traveler can get tripped up. Foreign cultures adhere to different business customs and behavior. For example: Caffeine junkies should restrain themselves in the Middle East.“Three cups of tea or coffee isusually the polite limit in offices and during social calls,” counsels “Travel Pak,” a free publication of Alia, the Royal Jordanian Airline.“But if your host keeps going, you also may continue sipping. If you've had your fill, give your empty cup a quick twist a sort of wiggle—as you hand it back. That means “No more, thank you.” Middle East visitors also should not be surprised “if others barge right into the office in the middle of your conversation with the person you are seeing,” notes “Travel Pak.” An old Arab custom calls for keeping an “open office.” The British, however, consider it impolite to interrupt a visitor, even after all business has been transacted. The commercial caller is expected to be sensitive to this point, know when to stop, and initiate his or her own departure. In Japan certain guests at evening business gatheringswill leave early. They should be allowed to leave without effusive good byes. The Japanese consider formal departures to be disruptive in such cases and disturbing to remaining guests. In Scandinavia and Finland business guests may be asked to shed their clothes and join their hosts in a sauna. The invitation is a sign that a good working relationship has been established. In the Arab world, the word “no” must be mentioned three times before it is accepted. In contrast, it is considered good business manners to make many and long efforts to pick up the check. In the People's Republic of China, gift giving is considered an insult, says Patrick J. Lewis, President of Club Universe, a Los Angeles tour operator. “If you want to give someone a gift, make sure it's modest in value. This will not be considered offensive, but it may be declined, ” The Chinese manner of expressing friendship and welcome is to clap. Lewis adds. “You may be greeted with clapping when entering a factory, hospital, commune, or school.Politeness dictates that you respond with applause, even though it may seem like you're clapping for yourself.” 31. In the Middle East, it is considered ____. A) impolite to drink at least 3 cups of coffee B) impolite to drink more than 3 cups of coffee unless your host drinks more C) polite to ask the host to give you as more as he can D) polite to leave a party as early as you want 32. In Japan, the guest at an evening party will ____. A) leave early without saying good bye B) stay as long as he can C) stay to have a swimming with the host D) present their business cards immediately 33. In Finland, business guests may ____. A) take flowers to the host B) send an expensive gift to the host C) have a swimming or sauna with the host D) present a business card 34. In China, a gift to the host means ____. A) attemption to praise the host B) a modest manner C) a respondence of applause D) offended action to the host's dignity 35. Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage? A) Uninvited visitors are welcome in Middle Easternoffice. B) In Britain, business visitors can stay as long as they like. C) In China, people may greet a foreigner's entering a school with clapping. D) In the Arab world, saying “No” for 3 times until itis accepted. Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage: W hat is the importance of the Afro American history to all Americans? How could Afro Americans contribute anything to American history when they were just slaves and servants? This is the image which many of us are taught when we go to school. This is the image many Afro Americans have of themselves also. The Afro Americans need to remake their real historical image so that it is known and accepted in its truthfulness by themselves and the rest of the world. Men and women of darker color are human beings entitled to respect and acceptance in history. When we think of famous scientists and inventors we immediately think of men such as Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison and Jonas E.Salk. This is because we associate famous people with the Anglo Saxon race. But what about theAfro American inventors and scientists? How many men during World War Ⅰ owe their lives to Garrett Morgan who inventedthe gas mask? Garrett Morgan also invented the traffic light which saves numerous lives on our streets. Daniel Hale Williams was the first successful heart surgeon. Charles Drew saved hundreds of thousands of lives during World War II by his discovery of the ways and means of preserving blood plasma. Percy Julian has helped millions suffering from the excruciating pain of arthritis. These men and others should be as easily recognized as Bell, Edison and Salk. America is made up of many different blends of cultures. These many cultures have come to enrich and diversify the American way of life. We should not think, because history has neglected to include the background of a particular culture, that these people have an inferior history. We should search for the truth and set the record straight against the slanders, the stereotyping and false images which have identified these people. We should understand each of the cultures and learn of their specific contribution to America's lifestory. Only after we are taught the complete and accurate history of our great country and learn that the blending of cultures and backgrounds gives us ourstrength, can we go forward on the path to peace. 36. The function of the first paragraph is to ____. A) present the main idea or the summary of the essay B) present an introduction to the topic C) provide background to the main theme D) present many cultures have contributed to American history 37. Which of the following statements is true? A) Graham Bell, T.Edison and J.E.Salk are not very important people. B) Black people who contribute to society should have equal recognition with their white colleagues. C) We should not associate famous people with the Anglo Saxon race only. D) G.Morgan, D.H.Williams and Charles Drew were not Afro Americans. 38. Paragraph three tells us that ____. A) we should oppose slander and stereotyping B) the American way of life is richer because it is made up of many cultures C) some cultures have been completely neglected D) Afro Americans have an inferior history 39. The word “image” refers to ____. A) picture B) portray C) impression D) similar 40. The main idea of the passage is ____. A) There are many Afro Americans who are famous asscientists and inventors B) Many Afro Americans have devoted to American history C) Afro American experience to American history D) Afro American history must be recognized as an important part of American historyPart Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 41. Hardly had the minister finished his statement____ several reporters raised their hands and put forward a string of questions. A) when B) as C) then D) than 42. The impact of this well known book might not have been so far reaching ____ for Mr.William, who dared to publish it. A) if had it not been C) is it not being B) had it not been D) its only having been 43. There were a lot ____ criticisms in the paper than expected. A) of C) of more B) more D) much more 44. You shouldn't ____ that last week and you should do it next week. A) have done C) be doing B) do D) have to do 45. Your father likes to play golf; he's really enthusiastic ____it. A) by B) about C) with D) on 46. They have been waiting for many hours to see the singer, but the airplane must have been ____. A) off time C) ahead of schedule B) on time D) behind schedule 47. He insisted that we all ____ in his office at one o'clock. A) be C) would be B) to be D) shall be 48. I have not found my book yet. I'm not sure ____ I could have done with it. A) whether C) why B) what D) where 49. I left very early last night, but I wish I ____ so early. A) didn't leave C) haven't left B) hadn't left D) couldn't leave 50. I'd get it for you ____ I could remember who last borrowed it. A) except that C) if only B) on condition that D) considering whether 51. I did not call to make my airline reservation, butI ____. A) should have C) must have B) may have D) shall have 52. He is sure that there was a flying saucer over there. If he hadn't seen it himself, he ____ it. A) never have believed B) never did believe C) could never believe D) would never have believed 53. I guess Jones didn't have a chance to win the election. ____ the people in the city voted for his opponent. A) Most all of C) Almost all of B) Most of all D) Almost the whole of 54. The cottage will be cold. Make sure ____ the heater. A) you light C) lighting B) for lighting D) you'll light 55. There are times when the ____ on the road to success prevent our reaching our goals. A) barriers C) boundaries B) blocks D) accidents 56. Persons of all ages are ____ to enjoy the country's medical care. A) asked C) willing B) entitled D) required 57. The Indian guide ____ the danger ahead on the muddy, wet road. A) ignored C) warned B) heard about D) foresaw 58. At the gathering, he talked ____ about the matter, dampening everyones spirits. A) in detail C) on end B) with ease D) in a confusing way 59. His ____ and experience make him an excellent person for this job. A) complacency C) cooperation B) compensation D) capability 60. During the strike, the electricity was cut off for hours, so we had to ____ candles for lighting. A) manage with C) carry out B) turn on D) keep to 61. Susan must ____ quite well on the exam since she seems so confident of passing. A) do C) be done B) have been doing D) have done 62. “How many from your class went abroad?” “ ____ but one”. A) Any B) Some C) All D) Most 63. I wish Bill would drive us to the train station but he has ____ to take us all. A) very small a car C) a too small car B) too smalla car D) such a small car 64. Astronomers were glad to know that their ____ aboutthe moon were correct. A) suppositions C) philosophy B) descriptions D) summarization 65. Lucille has been feeling ____ recently. A) under the weather C) cold B) in the weather D) isolated 66. Unwise judgment and bad management caused the small company to ____. A) set another record C) go broke B) reduce its production D) go down 67. Each day in summer, teenagers go to the beach, hoping to ____ a beautiful tan. A) lose C) bathe B) help D) acquire 68. Heating ____ into the students' dormitories now. A) is putting C) is been put B) is being put D) has been putting 69. We know that Mr.Smith has an extremely tight schedule, but we believe he should have ____ time at least for his supporters. A) a little C) little B) one D) a 70. All the members are participating in the scheme____ a few small firms. A) except C) except for B) besides D) in addition to Part Ⅳ Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Each human being is born as something new,__ (71)__ that never existed before.He is born with__ (72)__ he needs to win at life. Each person in his own__ (73)__ cansee,hear,touch,taste, and think__(74)__ himself. Each has his own unique __(75)__ — his capabilities and limitations.__ (76)__ can be a significant,__ (77)__, aware, and creatively __(78)__ person in his own right — a winner. The words “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer __(79)__ a person as a winner, we do not mean one__ (80)__ beats the other guy__ (81)__ winning over him and __(82)__ him lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being __ (83)__ , trustworthy, responsive, and genuine,__ (84)__ as an individual and as a member of__(85)__. A loser is one who fails to respond authentically. Martin Buber __(86) __this idea as he retells an old story of a rabbi who on his __(87)__ bed sees himself as a loser. The rabbilaments that, in the world to come, he will not be asked why he wasn't Moses; he will be asked why he wasn't __(88)__. Few people are one hundred percent winners or one hundred percent losers. It's a__ (89)__ of degree. However, once a person is on the road to being a winner, his chances are greater for becoming even more __(90)__. This book is intended to facilitate the journey. 71. A) everything B) anything C) something D) thing 72. A) that B) what C) which D) how 73. A) way B) case C) method D) appetite 74. A) of B) to C) for D) about 75. A) possibilities B) abilities C) potentials D) energy 76. A) One B) All C) Every D) Each 77. A) thinking B) think C) thought D) have thought 78. A) produce B) productive C) product D) productivity 79. A) as B) to C) for D) on 80. A) what B) those C) which D) who 81. A) with B) for C) on D) by 82. A) making B) let C) letting D) make 83. A) credit B) believing C) credible D) believed 84. A) all B) both C) which D) each 85. A) society B) group C) community D) party 86. A) takes B) tells C) speaks D) expresses 87. A) die B) death C) dying D) died 88. A) his B) him C) himself D) self 89. A) matter B) case C) thing D) something90. A) than B) much C) then D) so Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic, “The Way to Success” based on the following outlines. Your composition should be no less than 100 words. 1. 每个人都试图在事业上获得成功。
2015年6月大学英语四级考试全真模拟题及答案
2015年6月大学英语四级考试模拟题及答案听力原文及答案Part I Writing 写作范文Being connected to some great friends of mine in college is really a wonderful feeling. Like most college undergraduates, I happened to meet a good member of good friends when I set foot on my university’s beautiful campus. They are all helpful, energetic and intelligent. So, I have trouble pointing my finger at one particular friend who is the most inspiring one to me. After long deliberation, I decide to write about Jim, who is such a guy in some sense.I do have my reasons to take him as the most inspiring friend in the past three years of college. Firstly, he has an ability to manage his time and his priorities very well every day, so he is a good example in this sense to me, a lazy guy who is always desperate to fulfill my schedule. Secondly, Jim helps or leads me to success in my study, by encouraging and sometimes pushing me to form good learning habits. Thirdly, he has a positive attitude towards life, never complaining and always seeing thebright sides of things. I really want to learn to be a guy just like that.In the deep of my mind, I take Jim as one of my best friends.I learned a great deal from him. I feel comfortable staying and studying together with him. Rather, I should say, I am immensely motivated and inspired by him, in a serious sense.Part II Listening Comprehension 听力原文Section A1. W: When was the last time you bought me a flower? After our graduation from college and having been working for ten years, do you remember?M: Oh, sorry, darling. Which year did we finish our college?Q: What does the man imply?2. W: Come along, Jack, there’s a taxi coming to us.M: Ok, let’s hurry to catch it before others do. It’s hard to get one at this time of the rush hour in the morning.Q: What does the man most probably mean?3. M: A nita, it seems you’re heading for the library. Do you have much homework to do these days?W: Yes, I can’t complain. But, I have to finish reading those books on my reading list and hand in my term paper on American literature within two days.Q: What do we learn about the woman?4. W: Dealing with the statistics really bores me to death.I hope I can get done with it sooner.M: Relax! You know, we all have the same task. Just do it step by step. It will be done finally.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?5. W: Larry, you said you’d file your article to me before leaving yesterday. I didn’t find it in my inbox.M: I’m awfully sorry. I’m doing the final touch to the article. I promise, it will be good in a few minutes.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?6. M: I’m not surprised that you didn’t take interest in these programs of Spring Festival Gala. I know, you usually don’t like noisy TV programs.W: Don’t talk about me. It appears to me that you enjo yed them very much, indeed.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?7. M: My life experience makes me realize that honesty always is the best policy.W: It seems you have an excessively positive understanding of that word.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?8. M: How many gifts should I prepare for our daughter’s graduation ceremony? She said she’d give one to each of her classmates.W: I think thirty five will do. Wait a second. Let’s get 5 more for her teachers.Q: What are the two speakers talking about? Conversation OneM: Have you heard about the too-pretty-to-work case on TV?A girl who is very pretty is actually fired by her employer. Can you believe that?W: That’s really weird. By law, one can’t be fired for hi s or her appearance. Employers can’t fire someone based on race, gender, age or disabilities.M: But, that happens frequently in our workplace. If one female employee’s clothes are too revealing, and her boss doesn’t like it, she’ll be somehow fired.W: There’s no accounting for tastes. But, it’s illegal to do that, firing someone for inappropriate clothes. I guess, there’re many similar cases like that.M: That’s for certain. It’s unacceptable in the eyes of some employers if one’s too attractive.But, being ugly is also not good by some employers’ standard.W: By the same line of reasoning, being too fat may also be a problem.M: That’s true. Employers refuse to hire or promote overweight people because of their body weight, especially overweight women.W: If that happens, those employers can also be criticized for their discrimination against women, not only for their illegal discrimination based on body weight.M: Other cases may open your eyes further. I have been told three times that someone is fired for his shoes, for being too short, and even for being too young.W: Wow, how can we deal with these sorts of discrimination? Maybe, it’s advisable for us to ask help from an employment lawyer before starting to hunt for a job.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. What has law said about employers’ firing employees?10. Why are overweight women more likely to be fired than overweight male employees?11. What’s the woman’s suggestion to one who’s facing workplace discrimination?Conversation TwoW: Cycling in modern cities is very dangerous. A cyclist may run into traffic accidents and get seriously hurt. However, cycling has many potential plus points.M: As far as I know, the increase in the number of people who cycle, rather than drive, could not only reduce air pollution and green gas emissions, but also lower people’s risk of developing a number of diseases.W: Besides that, many studies in Copenhagen also found positive benefits of cycling. They found people who did not cycle to work experienced a 39% higher death rate than those who did. In other words, cycling extends people’s life span.M: That’s true. But, as you mentioned just now, cycling through heavy traffic may be rather dangerous. The question is, how can large cities do to make cycling safer and more attractive to people.W: The first idea occurring to me is that large cities have to do some work on urban design and relevant policies.M: I heard European cities like Paris have done a lot in these fields, to make cycling safe. Though many of the streets in Paris are centuries old, and comparatively speaking, very narrow, bike lanes have been prominently planned and marked. Although some lanes are often crazily disconnected, disappearing and appearing again in a seemingly random, it can be seen that Paris has achieved much in urban design.W: How about relevant policies in Paris? Are there policies established in favor of cycling?M: Yes, Paris did very well in this aspect. For example, by law, cars are required to drive under a speed limit of 30 kph. Otherwise, the driver will be fined heavily for speeding. It makes cyclists feel much safer, even cycling close to cars on the road.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. What’s the dangerous side of cycling in modern cities?13. What can cycling help our environment?14. What’s true about bike lanes in Paris?15. What policy does Paris adopt for the benefit of cyclists?Section BPassage OneIt takes time and effort to nurture the parent-child relationship. As is well known, the quality of the relationship between parents and their children is often threatened by long, non-traditional work hours and the influence of social media. Spending more quality time with your child, engaged in activity or conversation, can help mend a troubled relationship.Research shows that effective communication is essential in building a strong parent-child relationship. Effective communication involves both speaking and listening to what others have to say. Parents of young children can effectively communicate with their children by inquiring about events in their lives and using play activities to strengthen communication. Adolescents can benefit from instructional, yet empathetic, discussions with parents, and they may resist parental communication that is overly authoritarian.Besides, improved communication and quality time spent between you and your child can enhance your relationship. On the contrary, a lack of attention can cause problems, including displays of acting-out behaviors, in the parent-child relationship, says child development assistant specialist Deborah Richardson. Acting out includes the demonstration of disruptive behaviors, such as violence toward others and defiance toward authority.What’s more, parents can use disciplinary strategies that teach their teens how to make wise choices as they become more independent, as opposed to simply utilizing strategies designed to keep teens obey their orders. Adolescence can be a frustrating time for both parents and teens, as parents realize that old disciplinary strategies no longer work, and teens struggle to balance their need for independence alongside parental rules.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What may lead up to a bad parent-child relationship?17. How can parents communicate effectively with their children?18. What’s mentioned about disciplinary strategies?Passage TwoDoes exercise slow the aging process? A study in 2008 found a big difference in the cells of those who enjoyed leisure time exercise compared to those who lounged on the couch in their spare time. The most active people showed a slowing of cell changes associated with aging: their cells appeared the same as sedentary people who were 10 years younger. This adds to the growing body of evidence that regular physical exercise cuts risks for aging-related illnesses such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.The study looked at the lifestyles and cells of 2,401 twins. By studying twins, the researchers knew they were looking at people who had similar genetic factors. They charted physical activity, smoking, socioeconomic status, differences in body mass index, weight, smoking and physical activity at work over the past 12 months. Then they looked within twins’ white blood cells. As people age, those cells get ragged and leads to damageof the genes. Previous research leads scientists to believe that the life of white blood cells gets shorter as people age, and it may be used as a marker for aging.The more active a participant was, the longer the life of white blood cells was when compared to those of a similar age who were less active. This finding stood up when comparing twin to twin when one was more active than the other. And, the active twin had healthier white blood cells, which means being 4 years younger, than their inactive twin.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. What does the 2008 study tell us about active people?20. What can be concluded from the process of studying twins?21. What is said of white blood cells?Passage ThreeDo you know what the largest desert is in the world? To be considered a desert, an area must have less than 250 millimeters of annual rainfall. By that criterion, the continent ofAntarctica is the largest desert on Earth. Antarctica is the southernmost continent. At 14.0 million square km, it is the fifth-largest continent in area and the smallest by population. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice, which averages 1.6 km. Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent. It is considered a desert because its annual rainfall can be less than 51 millimeters in the interior. And there is little or no tall plants on its surface. There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 researchers inhabit the research stations scattered across the continent. Only cold-adapted plants and animals survive here: penguins, seals, and so on.If you think that a desert cannot be covered in ice and snow, then the Sahara Desert would be the largest desert. The Sahara is what most people imagine when they think of a desert. It is the world’s largest hot weather desert, covering over9,400,000 square km. It is nearly as large as the United States. Some of the sand hills are 180 meters in height. Unlike Antarctica, the Sahara region is heavily populated. It is home to a number of people and languages. Arabic is the most widely spoken language. The Berber people are found from western Egypt to Morocco and the Beja live in the Red Sea Hills.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. What’s said about Antarc tic?23. What’s mentioned about human residents on Antarctic?24. What’s true about the Sahara Desert?25. What’s the major difference between Antarctic and the Sahara Desert?Section CAs a parent, you may realize the crucial importance education has in our lives. However, your child may be 26. reluctant to listen to any of your arguments, thoughts, and ideas. A student 27. disinterested in education will miss college lectures and perform extremely poorly in assessments tests. In the worst cases, students may stop attending the school or college, and sit at home without any 28. concern for their career, education, and life. In order to motivate the students back to their college life and career, parents should first find out the 29. root causes of this lack of motivation.As listed below, there are two of the 30. prominent reasons that can cause students to be demotivated.Firstly, poor self-esteem. Low self-esteem in students forces them to 31. quit challenges and accept the path of least resistance. Even if these students try and complete some tasks, they are clouded by many negative thinking patterns that block the flow of confidence in their 32. personalities.Secondly, lack of love at home. Home is the first school for a kid, and every student expects a lot of support and love from parents. The environment of a home shapes a child’s attitude in the 33. initial years of life. A home where curiosity and education is given importance will 34. definitely motivate students to pursue academic challenges. If the parents are away from their kids, and are unaware of what their kid is doing in the school, then even the child feels neglected and 35. steps back from taking responsibilities and challenges. After all, parents are the biggest motivators.答案1. B2. C3. A4. B5. C6. D7. C8. B9. D 10. A11. C12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C16. A 17. B 18. C19. A 20.D21. C22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B26. reluctant 27. disinterested 28. concern 29. root causes 30. prominent31. quit 32. personalities 33. initial 34.definitely 35. steps back from36. J 37. C 38. A 39. N 40. H41. B 42. L 43. D 44.F 45. O46. G 47. F 48. H 49. N 50. I51. L 52. E 53. A 54.D 55. K56. A 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. B61. A 62. C 63. B 64.A 65. DPart IV TranslationThe China National Tourism Administration has deemed 2015 as the Year of Silk Road Tourism, and provinces along the ancient business route are promoting themed tours. Hainan is an important link in the Maritime Silk Road. Many heritages ofthe historic Maritime Silk Road are scattered among the cities in the province. Seven themed tours were recently launched in Hainan province by the local government to provide tourists an alternative to inland Silk Road travel. Starting from Quanzhou, the Maritime Silk Road stretches along the East and South China seas, passes the Malacca Strait, Indian Ocean and enters Europe through the Red Sea.。
2015年12月四级考试模拟试卷及答案(9)
大学英语四六级考试/模拟试题2015年12月四级考试模拟试卷及答案（9）Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money, but most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?”“When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?”“And Paul — why didn't I pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?”When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.Why do we go wrong about our friends — or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You're a lucky dog.” Is he really on your side? If he says, “You're a lucky guy” or“You're a lucky gal,” that's being friendly. But “lucky dog”? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. Butbringing in the “dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speakeris trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all thestarving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says square with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.21.When the writer recalls the things that happened between him and his friends, he ____.A) feels happy, thinking of how nice hisfriends were to himB) feels he may not have “read” hisfriends' true feelings correctlyC) thinks it was a mistake to view Jim as a friendD) is sorry that his friends let him down22.By saying “You're a lucky dog.”, the speaker ____.A) is just being friendlyB) expresses the same meaning as “You're a lucky guy.” or“You ' re a lucky gal.”C) is humorous to apply the word “dog” to peopleD) has a hidden jealous feeling behind the words23.In listening to a person, the important thing is ____.A) to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eyeB) to listen to how he pronounces his wordsC) to check his words against his manner, his tone of voice, and his postureD) not to believe what he says24.If you followed the advice of the writer, you would ____.A) weigh carefully what people say to determine their real meaningB) get along well with peopleC) trust what other people sayD) have no doubts about our friends25.This passage tries to tell you how to____.A) avoid mistakes about both money and peopleB) say things elegantlyC) avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell youD) keep people friendly without trusting themQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows. When you first drift off into slumber (安睡), your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing were slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the first few minutes. This is called stage 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep.You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level willincrease again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids (眼皮) as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more, and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep — only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.26.The stages of sleep take on ____.A) an irregular aspect. B) a regular aspectC) a punctual aspect D) a similar aspect27.Stage 4 sleep lasts ____.A) about 80 minutesB) about 4060 minutesC) about 30 munutesD) about 2040 minutes28.The brain waves are the slowest during____.A) stage 1 C) stage 4 B) stage 2 and stage3 D) REM sleep29.In the second paragraph the word “dart”means ____.A) glare B) move rapidly or suddenly C) stop moving D) gaze30.One of the features of REM sleep is that ____.A) there are large slow waves, though rapid for the first few minutesB) you have the deepest sleepC) there are no brain wavesD) the brain waves are a little fast and the brain becomes a little activeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess. In chess a player tries to trap his opponent's king in a series of moves. In creating a lens a lens designer attempts to “trap” light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to focus on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent( 透明的) elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to bevirtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as inchess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. Although this article will be concerned only with the design of photographic lenses, the same principles apply to all lenses.The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player: the designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the staggering number of possibilities. Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology, information theory,chemistry, industrial engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the lens designer's job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be mass produced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past.Moreover, their price may lower, in spite of the fact that 19th century craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today's lenses are more complex. The lens designer cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that havemade his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled: it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.31.Lens design and chess playing are similar in that ____.A) the final goal and the means by which it can be reached are knownB) perfect solutions to a problem can be foundC) any one decision at any point along the way to the goal can bring numerous possible resultsD) both A and C32.The final goal of designing a lens is____.A) to trap the opponent's lensesB) to focus light with lensesC) to hand make lenses at low costD) to reflect light by means of curved surfaces33.After the passage the author will talk about ____.A) the principles of designing lensesB) techniques of making contact lensesC) the design of photographic lensesD) styles of lenses34.Which of the following words cannot be used to describe today's lenses?A) More delicate. B) Cheaper. C) Numerous. D) Unpopular.35.Lens designers today ____.A) have a large source of help to fall back on B) receive a low salaryC) are less respectable than those of the past D) are not decisive in the lens design Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Part Ⅰ starts with a brief introductory chapter and then takes up Style and Organization, covering them in that order because skill or lack of skill in style affects all writing, while much technical writing is so short as to offer no problems of organization. These chapters are followed by one on Mechanics, covering matters of form that are peculiar to technical writing or else crop up in it with abnormal frequency.The chapter on Special Problems, which follows, performs a dual function. It provides writing assignments that may be used while the study of style, organization, and mechanics is still under way, and it explains ways of handling certain problems that may arise during the writing ofreports, proposals, and other longer forms. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution ofarticle writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology.In Part Ⅱ, a change of emphasis at one pointis reflected in the new title for Chapter 8, Nonformal Reports — Their Variation in Form and Purpose, which was formerly called Special Types of Reports. Though certain special types of reports are still discussed, additional emphasis is given to the fact that there does not exist any universally accepted set of types, under which all reports can be classified.Two other extensive changes have been made in Part Ⅱ: The chapter on Proposals, which first appeared in the second edition, has been rewritten and substantially expanded so as to cover that important subject more thoroughly. Also, anentirely new chapter, Oral Presentation of Technical Information, has been added. Though astudy of this chapter is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.36.The passage is most probably a preface to____.A) a technical writing handbook B) a handbook on composition C) a book on a literary writing D) a scientific paper37.In part I, the writer arranges the chapters in the order of ____.A) Introduction—Organization—Special Problems—Style—Nonformal ReportsB) Introduction—Style—Organization—Special Types of Reports—MechanicsC) Introduction—Style—Organization—Mechanics—Special ProblemsD) Introduction—Style—Proposals—Special Problems—Mechanics38.You can find some writing exercises in ____.A) the chapter on Organization B) the chapter on StyleC) the chapter on Special Problems D) the chapter on Proposals39.According to the passage, the chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information appears in ____ of the book.A) Part Ⅰ of the first edition B) Part Ⅱof the second edition C) Part Ⅰ of the second edition D) Part Ⅱ of the third edition40.Which of the following is not true of Part Ⅱ of the new edition?A) There isn't the chapter on Special Types of Reports.B) The chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information is rewritten and expanded.C) The chapter on Proposals is a revised chapter.D) There is a change of the title of Chapter 8.Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.41.____ allow the vegetable to go bad, he sold them at half price.A) More than B) Rather than C) Other than D) Better than42.Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical ____.A) facilities B) appliances C) instruments D) equipment43.He ____ him what he asked.A) denied B) refuted C) ignored D) deprived44.The book does not ____ children.A) submit to B) appeal to C) confess to D) consent to45.We have every size of shoe in ____.A) storing B) stock C) sale D) shop46.I ____ this man with receiving stolen goods.A) accuse B) charge C) scold D) blame47.You've made a mistake—you've ____ the word.A) left out B) left off C) left behind D) left for48.Scientists first ____ the idea of the atomic bomb in the 1930s.A) competed B) conceived C) consumed D) concealed49.You may take an oral or written exam ____ what you prefer.A) according as B) according to C) accordingly D) in accord50.The desks and seats can be ____ to the height of any child.A) adopted B) shifted C) adjusted D) corrected51.No further discussion ____ , the meeting was brought to a close.A) arising B) raising C) arousing D) rising52. ____ , the British working class is better off today than it was a generation ago.A) By and large B) In detail C) By no meansD) By and by53.Every man has the right to live where he wants to, ____ the colour of his skin.A) regardless of B) prior to C) in case ofD) for the sake of54.The potato crop of 1946 was ____ that of 1945.A) superior than B) superior to C) more superior to D) more superior than55.Books are ____ to scholars.A) indispensable B) indifferent C) bound toD) accustomed to56. ____ such a difficult task, we must redouble our efforts.A) To face with B) We are facing C) Faced with D) Facing with57.Either of these young ladies ____ perfectly qualified to teach Greek, Latin and French.A) were B) are C) is D) have been58.Your hair needed ____ I am glad you hadit cut.A) cut B) cutting C) to cut D) being cut59.Studying hard is more rewarding ____.A) than to be lazy B) than being lazy C) than to be like a lazy person D) than it is to be lazy60.The Latin class had twenty students, ____ had had much better language training than I.A) most of which B) which C) most of them D) most of whom61.I wish that he ____ to the movies with me yesterday.A) went B) could go C) was gone D) could have gone62. ____ , the more necessary it is to break it up into a number of parts which the reader can visualize.A) The more complex a subject becomes B) The more becomes a subject complex C) A subject becomes the more complex D) The more subjects become essential63.Close the door, ____ ? A) will you B) do you C) shall you D) don't you64. ____ at the railway station when it began to rain.A) Hardly had he arrived B) Hardly he had arrived C) No sooner did he arrive D) No sooner arrived he65.The storm ____ , they had to live in a cave.A) has destroyed their hut B) to destroy their hut C) having destroyed their hut D) being destroyed66. ____ the number of paid holidays enjoyed by most employees in the company, three weeks of vacation seems generous.A) Compared with B) Compared C) Comparing with D) Comparing67.It was going to be some time ____ he would see his father again.A) since B) when C) until D) before68.He is younger than ____.A) any other boy in the classB) any boy in the classC) all boys in the classD) you and me as well as the class69.The establishment of the company shall start from the day ____the business license of the company is issued.A) which B) on which C) in which D) whenever70.You ____ me because I didn't say that.A) must misunderstand B) must be misunderstanding C) must have misunderstood D) had to misunderstandPart Ⅳ Translation from English into Chinese (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, there are five items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences. These sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in the Reading Comprehension of the Test Paper. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.71. You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutesafter you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly.(Passage 2, Para.2, the First Sentence)72. In creating a lens a lens designer attempts to “trap” light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to focus on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent (透明的) elements with precisely curvedsurfaces.(Passage 3, Para.1, the Third Sentence)73. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to be virtually, if not actually,infinite.(Passage 3, Para.1,the Fifth Sentence)74. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology.(Passage 4,Para.2,the Last Sentence)75.Though a study of this chapter is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.(Passage 4, Para.4,the Last Sentence) Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)Directions:In this section you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled “Layoffs(下岗) in State owned Enterprises”. Thefirst sentence is given to you. Your composition should be no less than 100 words. Remember that the contents of the outline should be included in your composition. You should write your composition on the Answer Sheet.Lay offs in State owned Enterprises1. 下岗是改革的需要;2. 下岗会带来的问题;3. 如何对待下岗所带来的问题;答案 Part Ⅱ1短文大意本文与我们日常生活关系十分密切。
2015年12月大学英语四级考试冲刺试卷
大学英语四级考试冲刺试题一Part I Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter foreach item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bankmore than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.One in five US workers regularly attends after-work drinks with co-workers, where the most common 36_________range from bad-mouthing (说……的坏话) another worker to kissing a colleague and drinking too much,according to a study 37 on Tuesday.Most workers attend so-called happy hours to 38_________ with colleagues, although 15 percent go to hear thelatest office gossip and 13 percent go because they feel obligated, said the survey conducted for CareerBuilder. com,an online job site.As to what happens when the after-work drinks flow,16 percent reported bad-mouthing a colleague,10percent shared a secret about a colleague,8 percent kissed a colleague and 8 percent said they drank too much andacted 39_________ .5 percent said they had shared a secret about the company, and 4 percent 40________ to singing karaoke.While 21 percent of those who attend say happy hours are good for 41_________,85 percent said attending had nothelped them get 42_________ to someone higher up or get a better position.An equal number of men and women said they attend happy hours with co-workers, with younger workersaged 25 to 34 most likely and workers over 55 least 43_________to attend.Overall,21 percent of workers attend happy hours with co-workers and, of those,44_________a quarter go at leastonce a month.The survey was 45 _________online by Harris Interactive on behalf of CareerBuilder. com among 6,987 full-timeemployees.ees.A) bond I) conductedB ) acknowledged J) idlyC) nearly K) unprofessionallyD) specially L) networkingE) anywhere M) releasedF) mishaps N) confessedG) obligated O) researchedH) likelySection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statementcontains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph ismarked with a letter. Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Caring for elderly parents catches many unpreparedA) Last July, Julie Baldocchi's mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had tobecome a family caregiver, something that she wasn't prepared for. "I was flying by the seat of my pants," saysBaldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her fathercouldn't handle her mother's care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchiwasn't willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents' home created other problems. Baldocchi,48, ismarried and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems thatmake it difficult for her to lift her mother. "I couldn't do it all," she says. "But I didn't even know how to findhelp."B) With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. "But even if you planintellectually and legally, you're never ready for the emotional impact," Baldocchi says. In the first two monthsafter her mother's stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans providefamily caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP.An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared.C) While many parents lack an advance care directive, it's the most basic and important step they can take. Thedirective includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives someone legal authority tomake financial decisions on another's behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney,except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlinesinstructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificialmeasures.) "It's invaluable for the kids, because it's hard to make those decisions for a parent," says JenniferCona, an elder-law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive isthe first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family CaregiverAlliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have topetition the court to be appointed the parent's legal guardian, says .D) It's important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents' preferences,wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But ifs not an easy conversation. Elderlyparents are sometimes suspicious of their children's financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner atFinancial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed anintermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisionscan become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attomey inGlen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-lawattorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said itwill offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Oenworth.E) Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesn't pay forlong-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was$77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaidto pay for the nursing home.F) Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain someindependence. Butthe facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance withactivities. Still, it's not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assistedliving isn't covered by Medicaid.G) If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according toAARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move theminto an adult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent canstay there. For example, Baldoechi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.H) Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parent's finances, while anothersibling will take the parent to doctors' appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on asignificant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mother's home in Leesburg, Fla. After hermother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasn't able to get around as well. Walker,55, has three brothers. But she isthe only daughter, is divorced and has no children. "I always knew that this was the role that I would have, andI guess my mind was prepared for it," says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home asa tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking website. "When you get into the trenches, it's literally baptismby fire," she says. "New things come up. It's not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. It'severything," she says.I) Carcgivers need to also watch their own health. "There is such a thing as caregiver burnout," Cona says.Among female caregivers 50 and older,20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study onworking caregivers by MetLife. "It's a hard job," Walker says. "But most worthwhile things are hard. She wasalways there for me when I needed a helping hand. It's only natural that I be here for her now."46. When elderly parents cannot live at home safely, their children can change their home instead of sending them to an adult care facility.47. To talk about long-term care is not easy because sometimes aged parents are suspicious of their children's financial motives.48. Besides advance planning for finances or medical care, family caregivers take over many other responsibilities.49. The difference between a durable power of attorney and a health care proxy is that the latter allows someone tomake decisions regarding medical treatment.50. Baldocehi did not want to send her mother to a nursing home, but she had difficulty taking care of her.51. Over 42 million caregivers helped an adult with everyday activities in the USA in 2009.52. Ifa family needs information or help to sort out disagreements, there are many people they can call on.53. Caregivers should pay attention to their own health, or they may bum out or.become depressed.54. One will have to petition the court to be the parent's legal guardian, if there is no advance directive.55. The national median cost of assisted living in 2011 was $39,135 and it is not covered by Medicaid.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. Foreach of them there are four choices marked A ), B ), C) and D) . You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Educators today are more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary forcollege students. Many even argue that each incoming freshman should have permanent access to his or her ownmicrocomputer. What advantages do computers offer the college students?Any student who has used a word processor will know one compelling reason to use a computer: to writepapers. Although not all students feel comfortable composing on a word processor, most ,find revising and editingmuch easier on it. One can alter, insert, or delete just by pressing a few keys, thus eliminating the need to rewrite orre-type. Furthermore, since the revision process is less burdensome, students are more likely to revise as often as isnecessary to end up with the best paper possible. For these reasons, many freshman English cottrses require the useof a word processor.Computers are also useful in the context of language courses, where they are used to drill students in basicskills. Software programs reinforce ESL(English as a Second Language ) instruction, as well as instrnction in French, German, Spanish, and other languages. By using these programs on a regular basis, students can improvetheir proficiency in a language while proceeding at their own pace.Science students take advantage of computers in many ways. Using computer graphic capabilities, forexample, botany students can represent and analyze different plant growth patterns. Medical students can learn tointerpret computerized images of internal body structures. Physics students can complete complex calculations farmore quickly than they could without the use of computer.Similarly, business and accounting students find that computer spreadsheet programs are all but indispensable tomany aspects of their work, while students pursuing careers in graphic arts, marketing, and public relations find thatknowledge of computer graphic is important Education majors learn to develop grading systems using computers,while social science students use computers for analyzing and graphically displacing their research results.It is no wonder, then, that educators support the purchase and use of microcomputers by students. A Versatiletool, the computer can help students learn. And that is, after all, the reason for going to college.56. The word "literacy" (Line 1, Paragraph 1 ) means _________A) the ability to read and writeB) the ability to useC) literatureD) the knowledge of language57. The main purpose of this passage is to _________A) persuade the educators to increase computer use in their own classroomB) analyze advantages and disadvantages of computer use among college studentsC) identify some of the ways that computers benefit college studentsD) describe how computers can be used to teach foreign languages58. According to the author, a word processor can be used to_________A) revise papersB) retype papersC) reduce the psychological burden of writing papersD) improve the writing skills of a student59. In this passage, the writer's argument is developed primarily through the use of_________A) cause-effect analysisC) inductionB) comparison and contrastD) examples60. According to the author, the reason for students to go to college is _________A) to learn somethingB) to perfect themselvesC) to improve computer skillsD) to make the best use of computersPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Language is, and should be, a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. Butthere is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things wecould not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. Avivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness. The kind of slovenliness in whichsome professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin to the cult ( 迷信) of the unfinished work, which haseroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, bydiscipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter.The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spokenEnglish. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen a generation or two ago.The modem theatre has played a baneful (有害的) part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead ofthe immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw (who was also very insistent on good pronunciation),audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia, often designed, only too well, to exhibit'laek ofcommunication', and larded (夹杂) with the obscenities (下流的话) and grammatical errors of the intellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech. " Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speakbadly, so that she should fit in better.But the BBC is the worst traitor. Aider years of very successfully helping to raise the general standard ofspoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the Pronunciation Unit coyly (含蓄地) put it, "In the1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to thelatest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor. And the prospect seems to be of evenworse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnny's incoherent grammar, atrociousspelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius.61. The writer relates linguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that they both_________A) occasionally aim at a certain fluidityB ) appear to shun perfectionC) from time to time show regard for the finishing touchD) make use of economical short cuts62. "Art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline" (Lines 6-7, Paragraph 1 ) means_________A) an artist's work will be finer if he observes certain aesthetic standardsB) an unfinished work is bound to be comparatively inferiorC) the skill of certain artists conceals their slovenlinessD) artistic expression is inhibited by too many rules63. Many modem plays, the author finds, frequently contain speech which _________A) is incoherent and linguistically objectionableB) is far too ungrammatical for most people to followC) unintentionally shocks the audienceD) tries to hide the author's intellectual inadequacies64. The author says that the standard of the spoken English of BBC _________A) is the worst among all broadcasting networksC) has taken a turn for the worse since the 1960sB) has raised English-speaking up to a new levelD) is terrible because of a few popular disc jockeys65. Teachers are likely to overlook the linguistic lapses in their pupils since_________A)they find that children no longer respond to this kind of discipline nowadaysB) they fear the children may become less coherentC) more importance is now attached to oral expressionD) the children may be discouraged from expressing their ideas大学英语四级考试冲刺试题一答案精析Part III Reading ComprehensionSeetionA【参考译文】据本周二[37]发布的一项调查显示，美国有五分之一的员工会定期在下班后跟同事去喝几杯，每当这个时候，诸如说其他同事的坏话、亲吻某位同事以及醉酒等最常见的[36]糗事就要上演了。
2015年全国公共英语四级模拟试卷及答案
21.rA]rather than[B]rather than of[C]rather…than of[D]not of 22.[A]of these[B]of that[C]of a person [D]of those 23.[A]in his mme [B]to his name[C]under the name of[D]in their name 24.[A]nation[B]country[C]nationality[D]national 25.[A]in [B]of[C]under[D]with 26.[A]accepted[B]accepting[C]accepting as[D]accepted as 27.[A]charges[B]transforms[C]tums[D]transfers 28.[A]is[B]has long been[C]are[D]have long been 29.[A]donation[B]giving[C]sending[D]contribution 30.[A]that[B]what[C]which[D]in which 31.[A]amounts[B]numbers[C]amount[D]number 32.[A]few[B]some people[C]many people[D]many others 33.[A]may[B]can[C]must[D]are obliged to 34.[A]to him[B]to them[C]to her[D]to US 35.[A]improve[B]change[C]care[D]alleviate 36.[A]talk[B]persuade[C]say[D]convinced 37.[A]non-violent[B]violent[C]inviolent[D]noviolent 38.[A]proceeded[B]pioneered[C]processed[D]possessed 39.[A]variety[B]kinds[C]sorts[D]various 40.[A]the poor people[B]the black[C]Jesus[D]Christians 41.At first，NASA is__________private citizen’S space travel. [A]for [B]against [C]indifferent to [D]hesitant about 42.The time between American businessman Dennis Tito’s and a South African businessman Mark Shuttleworth’space travel is__________. [A]one year [B]two years [C]three vears [D]four years 43.NASA thinks space travellers must__________to do private space travel. [A]observe safety measures carefully [B]have a new desire to use space vehicles for civilian travel [C]negotiate with Russia or NASA [D]be as rich as Dennis Tito and Mark Shuttleworth 44.If a person really wants to go to the space station，he or she should spend——in total. [A]$200000 [B]twelve million dollars [C]twentv million dollars [D]more than twenty million dollars 45.Those who want to travel in the space should__________. [A]afford the expenses of the space trip [B]pass the health check and physical training [C]speak English [D]all of the above 46.The writer quotes Shakespeare mainly to__________. [A]praise the keen perception of the great English writer [B]support Dr Frisoni’s theory about a disease [C]start the discussion on a brain disease [D]show the long history of the disease 47.The word“regression”in the first paragraph is best replaced by__________. [A]backward movement [B]uncontrolled inclination [C]rapid advancement [D]unexpected restoration 48.After contracting frontotemporal dementia，the 68-year-old lawyer__________. [A]became more dependent on his family [B]grew fond of classical music [C]recovered from language incompetence [D]enjoyed loud Italian popular music 49.Frontotemporal dementia is a disease__________. [A]identified with loss of memory [B]causing damage to certain parts of the brain [C]whose patients may develop new talents [D]wbose symptoms are similar to those of Alzheimer’s patients 50.Dr Frisoni attributed the patients’changing muslc taste to__________. [A]man’S desire to seek Dovel experience [B]the damage to the left part of the brain [C]the shift of predominance from the right lobe to the left [D]the weakening of some part of the nervous system 51.Which of the following is true aceording to the text? [A]All the patients whom Dr Starzl operated on died on the operating table. [B]To Dr Starzl it waS very discouraging that his first liver transplant failed. [C]Many doctors had performed organ transplant before Dr Starzl. [D]Dr Starzl didn’t give up even though he had failed in his attempts. 52.One factor causing death on organ transplantation is__________. [A]heavy bleeding during surgery [B]destruction of patients’immune system [C]objection from patients to taking organs of others [D]doctors’Iack of confidence 53.In the US，there is fl long waiting list for organs because——. [A]there is a shortage of actual organs [B]only a few people become organ donors [C]doctors have set a limit to the number of organ recipients [D]transplant surgery is still experimental 54.There would be many more organ donors if__________. [A]laws are designed to encourage organ recycling [B]people can’t legally prevent a family member from donating his organ [C]doctors are more willing to ask for donations [D]transplant surgery is more successful 55.The best title for this passage might be“__________”. [A]Dr Starzl and Transplant Surgeons [B]Transplant Surgery in the US [C]The Future of Transplant Surgery [D]Success in Transplant Surgery and Shortage of Organs Darts of the United states.For these great numbers of new Americans，New York had to provide homes’ goods and services.Their labor helped the city become great. 56.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? [A]Development of Transportation in New York. [B]Exports and Imports of New York. [C]How New York Became America’S Largest City? [D]How New York Exchanged with Europe? 57.Which of the following respects did NOT help New York become the most famous city? [A]Cuhure. [B]History. [C]ECOnomics. [D]Geographical location. 58.Which of the following statements iS true? [A]The Erie Canal connected Lake Erie and the Hudson River. [B]Economists are for the opinion that places where farming is done are good for making raw materials into finished goods. [C]Wagons drawn by horses or oxen Soon proved better and cheaper than canal transportation. [D]The coming of the railroads caused New York to become less important as a shipping center. 59.Freight costs were reduced to 10%of what they had been because of__________. [A]the decline in taxes [B]the construction of the railroads [C]the construction of the Erie Canal [D]the development of industry 60.Why were passengers from Europe able to travel to New York SO cheaply? [A]Because the ships were over-croWded on the trip back to New York [B]Because shipping companies were eager to fill their ships with passengers on the return trip from Europe. [C]Because the shipping companies wanted to develop travelling industry in New York. [D]Because few Europeans longed to visit New York. Section IV Writing (35 minutes) 66.Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay on it.In your essay，you should 1)describe the carto071 briefly， 2)analyze this situation，and 3)give your comTq’tents. You should write I 60200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Section II Use of English 21.[B]。
2015全国大学生英语四级考前模拟14套卷含答案
英语四级考前模拟14套卷四级考试冲刺卷含答案目录2015年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(1) (3)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟答案(1) (19)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(2) (21)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟答案(2) (36)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(3) (37)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟答案(3) (49)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(4) (51)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟答案(4) (64)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(5) (65)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟答案(5) (78)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(6) (80)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟答案(6) (93)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(7) (95)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟答案(7) (108)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(8) (108)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟答案(8) (123)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(9) (129)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟答案(9) (145)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(10) (162)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟答案(10) (186)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(11) (187)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟答案(11) (201)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(12) (217)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟答案(12) (229)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(13) (249)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟答案(13) (260)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(14) (277)2015年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案(1)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Net-surfing —— Are You Ready?Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over thepassage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, markY(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information givenin the passage; N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the informationgiven in the passage; NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not givenin the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Trouble With TelevisionIt is difficult to escape the influence of television. If you fit the statistical averages, by the age of 20 you will have been exposed to atleast 20,000 hours of television. You can add 10,000 hours for each decade you have lived after the age of 20. The only things Americans do more than watch television are work and sleep.Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of thosehours. Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical collegeundergraduate spends working on a bachelor's degree. In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If itdidn't, you could have walked around the world and written a book aboutit.The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration.Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires someconstructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who neverconcentrate on anything. But Television encourages us to apply no effort.It sells us instant gratification(满意). It diverts us only to divert,to make the time pass without pain.Television's variety becomes a narcotic(麻醉的), nor a stimulus. Its serial, kaleidoscopic (万花筒般的)exposures force us to follow its lead. The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour: 30 minutes at the museum, 30at the cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to the next attraction—except on television., typically, the spans allotted arc onthe order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more oftencar crashes and people killing one another. In short, a lot of television usurps(篡夺;侵占) one of the most precious of all human gifts, the abilityto focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrenderit.Capturing your attention—and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone's attention—anyone's. The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constantstimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. Quite simply, television operates on the appeal to the short attention span.It is simply the easiest way out. But it has come to be regarded asa given, as inherent in the medium itself; as an imperative, as thoughGeneral Sarnoff, or one of the other august pioneers of video, hadbequeathed(遗留;传于) to us tablets of stone commanding that nothing in television shall ever require more than a few moments' Concentration.In its place that is fine. Who can quarrel with a medium that sobrilliantly packages escapist entertainment as a mass-marketing tool? But I see its values now pervading this nation and its life. It has becomefashionable to think that, like fast food, fast ideas are the way to getto a fast-moving, impatient public.In the case of news, this practice, in my v iew, results in inefficient communication. I question how much of television's nightly news effortis really absorbable and understandable. Much o f it is what has been aptlydescribed as "machine-gunning with scraps." I think the technique fights coherence. I think it tends to make t hings ultimately boring (unless they are accompanied by horrifying pictures) because almost anything is boring if you know almost nothing about it.I believe that TV's appeal to the short attention span is not onlyinefficient communication but decivilizing as well. Consider the casual assumptions that television tends to cultivate: that complexity must beavoided, that visual stimulation is a substitute for thought, that verbal precision is an anachronism. It may be old-fashioned, but I was taughtthat thought is words, arranged in grammatically precise.There is a crisis of literacy in this country. One study estimatesthat some 30 million adult Americans are "functionally illiterate" andcannot read or write well enough to answer the want ad or understand the instructions on a medicine bottle.Literacy may not be an inalienable human right, but it is one thatthe highly literate Founding Fathers might not have found unreasonableor even unattainable. We are not only not attaining it as a nation,statistically speaking, but we are falling further and further short ofattaining it. And, while I would not be so simplistic as to suggest thattelevision is the cause, I believe it contributes and is an influence.Everything about this nation—the structure of the society, its forms of family organization, its economy, its place in the world— has become more complex, not less. Yet its dominating communications instrument, its principal form of national linkage, is one that sells neat resolutionsto human problems that usually have no neat resolutions. It is allsymbolized in my mind by the hugely successful art form that televisionhas made c entral to the culture, the 30-second commercial: the tiny drama of the earnest housewife who finds happiness in choosing the righttoothpaste.When before in human history has so much humanity collectivelysurrendered so much of its leisure to one toy, one mass diversion? Whenbefore has virtually an entire nation surrendered itself wholesale to amedium for selling?Some years ago Yale University law professor Charles L. Black. Jr.,wrote: "... forced feeding on trivial fare is not itself a trivial matter-"I think this society is being forced-fed with trivial fare, and I fearthat the effects on our habits of mind, our language, our tolerance foreffort, and our appetite for complexity are only dimly perceived. If Iam wrong, we will have done no harm to look at the issue skeptically and critically, to consider how we should be residing it. I hope you will join with me in doing so.1. In America people do sleeping and watching televisions more than anything else.2. From the passage we know the time an average American spends on watching TV could have made the person learn to become an astronomer or engineer.3. The trouble with TV is that it distracts people’s attention and encourages them to make no efforts toward their life.4. TV programmers base this operation on the attraction of long-span attention of audiences.5. According to the author the improper television operation inAmerican society will be likely to make things eventually boring.6. Americans will face a serious problem of illiteracy due to thenegative impact of TV.7. In American society literacy is a certain right that cannot bedeprived.Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or morequestions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation andthe questions will be spoken only once. After each question there willbe a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre.11. A) Two blocks. B) Five blocks. C) Three blocks. D) Four blocks.12. A) He suggests that she buy the sweater in another color. B) Hesuggests that she buy a jacket instead of the sweater. C) He suggests that she buy the sweater at its original price. D) He suggests that she buythe sweater on Friday.13. A) It was cleaned. B) There was a large sale.C) The employees had to work very late. D) There was a robbery.14. A) Be a bad boy. B) Eat too fast. C) Go to a game. D) Skip hislunch.15. A) A salesman. B) A telephone repairman. C) A plumber. D) An electrician.16. A) She didn’t understand what Eva was saying. B) Eva should have been more active.C) Eva didn’t seem to be nervous at all during her presentation. D) Eva needs training in public speaking lessons.17. A) Whether to change his job.B) Asking for a higher salary.C) Accepting a new secretary.D) Getting a better position.18. A) He could help her with the problems.B) He could go out together with her.) She should go out for a while.D) She should do the problems herself.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) In an apartment complex.B) In a hotel.C) At a friend’s house.D) He just arrived today and does not have a place to sleep yet.20. A) The size does not matter to him.B) He needs a place with two bedrooms.C) He just wants to share a place with other students.D) He needs a very large apartment.21. A) Proximity to the university.B) Benefits that his wife and child would enjoy.C) Cost. D) Size.22. A) Lack of air conditioning. B) Distance from the university. C) Cost.D) Lack of laundry facilities close by.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) It needs cleaning. B) It needs regular servicing. C) It needsa new battery. D) It was ruined by water.24. A) $3.99. B) $5.50. C) $6.99. D) $9.50.。
2015年英语四级考试模拟试卷
2015年英语四级考试模拟试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Styles of Living. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 有些人愿意和父母居住在一起2. 有些人想自己独立居住3. 我的看法Styles of LivingSome people enjoy living together with their parents after the have grown up. They think that by living with parents they can take better care of their parents and vice versa. Meanwhile, they can turn to their parents for help if they get into trouble orhave some difficulties. To them, life in to be more enjoyable than that in a small one.Others, however, prefer They cherish the idea of being independent, and wish to have a place of their own. Besides, they don't want to be overprotected by their parents, but long for the opportunities to face the society by themselves.As for me, I like an independent life style. Different generations have different life styles and values. What one generation likes may not be another generation's fondness. In order to avoid conflicts, the best way is to live separately. In addition, by leading anindependent life, my own ability to deal with the difficulties in my life. So I want to live by myself. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.How Ice Cream WorksThe U.S. ice cream industry sells about a million gallons of ice cream each year,dispensing cones, gallons, and other desserts through grocery stores and ice cream shops. In fact, eight percent of all the milk produced in the U.S. ends up in a frozen dairy product.Ice Cream or Frozen Dessert?Not just any frozen treat can be called ice cream. In fact, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has specific rules that define what can and can't be labeled "ice cream". To bear the "Meets USDA Ingredient Standard for Ice Cream" stamp, it has to containat least 10 percent minimum of six percent non-fat milk solids. A gallon has to weigh at least 4.5 pounds.The range of milk fat (sometimes referred to as butter fat) used in ice cream can go from the minimum 10 percent to a maximum of about 16 percent. Most premium ice creams use 14 percent milk fat. Higher fat content leads to better, richer taste and a creamier texture. Ice cream makers don't go higher than 16 percent because it would be costly and very high in calories. An ice cream with this much milk fat would also taste so rich that people would probably eat it in smaller amounts, which would be bad news for people who sell ice cream for a living.Other frozen desserts, such as sorbets (果汁冰糕), low-fat ice cream, and frozen yogurt, are not technically ice cream at all. Frozen custard is ice cream that has at least 1.4 percent egg yolk solids, and "soft serve" can be any frozen milkbased dessert that has not gone through the hardening process—more on that later.In terms of specific ingredients, the recipe for ice cream is simple. But in scientific terms, it's complicated stuff. Ice cream is a colloid, a type of emulsion(乳状液). An emulsion is a combination of two substances that don't normally mix together. Instead, one of the substances is dispersed throughout the other. In ice cream, molecules of fat are suspended in a water-sugar-ice structure along with air bubbles. The presence of air means that ice cream is also technically a foam.In addition to milk fat, non-fat milk solids, sugar, and air, ice cream also contains stabilizers and emulsifiers. Stabilizers help hold the air bubble structure together and give the ice cream a better texture. Although gelatin(凝胶) was originally used as a stabilizer, xanthan gum, guar gum, and other compounds are used today. Emulsifiers keep the ice cream smooth and aid the distribution of the fat molecules throughout the colloid. Egg yolks were once used, but ice cream manufacturers now tend to use other chemical compounds. These stabilizers and emulsifiers make up a very small proportion (less than one percent) of the ice cream.Making Ice CreamWhether it's being made in your kitchen with a hand crank, at a local homemade ice cream shop with a stand-alone ice cream maker, or in a factory that cranks out thousands of gallons of ice cream every day, the process of making ice cream is basically the same. The only difference is the scale of the operation.First, you need ice cream mix. You can buy commercially made ice cream mix that is set to a certain milk fat content. Ice cream factories usually make their own mix by combining milk, cream and sugar in a 3,000 gallon vat, with the proportions and mixing controlled by computers. The mix is then pasteurized(用巴氏法灭菌), or heated, to kill any harmful bacteria. If you were to make your own mix at home, you could pasteurize it by cooking it in a double boiler, or use an egg substitute or pasteurized egg product. This step is important because otherwise people who eat your homemade ice cream could get sick due to salmonella contamination. According to the Centers for Disease Control, those most at risk include the elderly, very young children, and people with compromised immune systems.The next step in production is adding flavor to the mix. There are thousands of varieties of ice cream, so just about any combination of flavors is possible. From vanilla to cinnamon, chocolate to triple chocolate fudge brownie, it all gets blended into the ice cream mix. In a factory, this step takes place in vats that hold hundreds of gallons of ice cream, while giant steel paddles do the mixing. In your kitchen, a large bowl and a food mixer will work, or even a wooden spoon and muscle power if you want some exercise. Solid chunks such as pieces of fruit, chocolate chunks, marshmallows, and candy are added later.The next step is where and ice cream making machine comes into play. The mix has to be simultaneously frozen and whipped. In a factory, this happens in a giant tube surrounded by pipes. The pipes contain chemicals such as ammonia that freeze the tube, but the ammonia never comes into contact with the ice cream. The ice cream mix is pumped through the tube, where it gets cold very quickly. A dasher, or blade, turns inside the tube. This whips the mixture, introducing the air bubbles that help give ice cream its structure. The dasher also scrapes the sides of the tube, clearing off ice crystals that form there. This prevents large ice crystals from ruining the flavor and texture of the ice cream. All the elements of this process are carefully monitored and controlled by computers. Most homemade ice cream shops use a batch freezer for this step, where the same process happens on a smaller scale.This step can be accomplished at home with a rock salt/ice mixture for freezing and a hand or electric cranked dasher to mix and scrape off the ice crystals.Once the ice cream has come out of the ice cream maker, the process isn't finished. At this point, the mixture is frozen, but still soft. Large chunks of candy and other goodies are now added. Then the ice cream is placed into containers. Factory machines pour it straight into cartons or buckets, or it can be extruded(挤压出)into shapes that have wooden sticks placed into them for individual treats.Now the ice cream needs to be reduced to a very low temperature, zero degrees Fahrenheit or below. Factories make it even colder since they need the ice cream to stay frozen while it is packaged and loaded onto trucks. It needs to be very cold to freeze the ice cream quickly and prevent the formation of large ice crystals. This process is known as hardening. "Soft-serve" is often simply ice cream that has not gone through this process.We'll learn about the ice cream industry in the next section.Ice Cream IndustryIn 1999, retail sales of ice cream in the U.S., the worldwide leader in ice cream production, topped $4 billion. In 2002, more that $20 billion was spent on frozen desserts. The leading states in ice cream consumption are California, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Texas and New York . Americans ate an average of 21.5 quarts of ice cream per person in 2004.With that much money to be made, the ice cream industry can be secretive and underhanded(秘密的). Deborah Hanny, owner of Sweet Jenny's Ice cream in Williamsville, NY, protects her recipes carefully. Her shop has been photographed by men in suits and she once caught someone in he upstairs office hurriedly trying to copy down her recipes.Ice cream making secrets are seldom passed down from generation to generation these days. So where do people in the ice cream industry learn their craft? At ice cream school. Pennsylvania State University offers a week-long "Ice Cream Short Course" intended for industry professionals. The course teaches the science and technology used to make ice cream. The also offer Ice Cream 101 for ice cream hobbyists who just want to learn more about their favorite frozen treat. The University of Guelph, Ontario's Dairy Science and Technology school, also has a long history of teaching ice cream science.1. Eight percent of all the milk produced in the U.S. ends up in a frozen dairy product.2. Any frozen treat can be called ice cream.3. In addition to milk fat, non-fat milk solids, sugar, and air, ice cream also contains stabilizers and emulsifiers.4. The process of making ice cream at home is different from that in a factory.5. Once the ice cream has come out of the ice cream maker, the process is finished.6. Ice cream making secrets are passed down from generation to generation these days.7. Many universities in U.S.A. offer courses of ice cream science.8. The range of milk fat used in ice cream can go ________.9. In 1999, retail sales of ice cream in the U.S. topped ________.10. With that much money to be made, the ice cream industry can be ________.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. Y 根据题干中的信息词eight percent，在通读全文时注意百分比数字的信息。
15年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及参备考资料答案解析(第一套)
2015年6月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套）Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is foll owed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there ar e four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choic e and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line t hrough the center. Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a metho d of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practi cal problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships b etween observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that s erve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tool s, techniques, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the p rogress in each.Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to co mprehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accu racy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or anger people-as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But ev en an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not h ave the choice of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe p olluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unl ike science progress, technology must be measured in terms of the human fa ctor. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves. Technology must be humanistic if it is to lead to a better world.21. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.A) the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter t o practical problemsB) the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps ch ange the material worldC) the former aims to discover the inter-connections of facts and the rule s that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of ma king the things we use in our daily lifeD) all of the above22. Which of the following may be representative of science?A) The improvement of people's life.B) The theory of people's life.C) Farming tools.D) Mass production.23. According to the author, scientific theories _____.A) must be strictly objectiveB) usually take into consideration people's likes and dislikesC) should conform to popular opinionsD) always appear in perfect and finished forms24. The author states that technology itself _____.A) is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustionB) should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselvesC) will lead to a better world if put to wise useD) will inevitably be for bad purpose25. The tone of the author in this passage is _____.A) positive B) negative C) factual D) critical Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward educatio n. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessa ry in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselv es in a responsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country t hat offered financial opportunities for which education was not needed: on the road from rags to riches, schooling-beyond the basics of reading, writing, a nd arithmetic-was an unnecessary detour.Even today, it is still possible for people to achieve financial success with out much education, but the number of situations in which this is possible is decreasing. In today's more complex world, the opportunities for financial su ccess is closely related to the need for education, especially higher education.Our society is rapidly becoming one whose chief product is information, and dealing with this information requires more and more specialized educati on. In other words, we grow up learning more and more about fewer and fe wer subjects.In the future, this trend is likely to continue. Tomorrow's world will be ev en more complex than today's world, and, to manage this complexity, even more specialized education will be needed.26. The topic treated in this passage is _____.A) education in general B) Americans' attitudesC) higher education D) American education27. Americans' attitudes toward education have always been _____.A) certain B) contradictory C) ambitious D) unclear28. Today, financial success is closely related to the need for _____.A) higher education B) public education C) responsible citizens D) learning the basics29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.A) information is our only productB) education in the future will be specializedC) we are entering an age of informationD) we are living in an age of information30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A) The History of American Education.B) The Need for Specialized Education.C) The Future of the American Educational System.D) Attitudes toward American Education. Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.A growing world population and the discoveries of science may alter this pattern of distribution in the future. As men slowly learn to master diseases, control floods, prevent famines, and stop wars, fewer people die every year; and in consequence the population of the world is steadily increasing. In 192 5 there were about 2,000 million people in the world; by the end of the cent ury there may well be over 4,000 million.When numbers rise the extra mouths must be fed. New lands must be br ought under cultivation, or land already farmed made to yield larger crops. In some areas the accessible land is so intensively cultivated that it will be diffi cult to make it provide more food. In some areas the population is so dense that the land is parceled out in units too tiny to allow for much improveme nt in farming methods. Were a large part of this farming population drawn off into industrial occupations, the land might be farmed much more productiv ely by modern methods. There is now a race for science, technology, and ind ustry to keep the output of food rising faster than the number of people to be fed. New strains of crops are being developed which will thrive in unfavor able climates: there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and No rth America; irrigation and dry-farming methods bring arid lands under the pl ough, dams hold back the waters of great rivers to ensure water for the field s in all seasons and to provide electric power for new industries; industrial ch emistry provides fertilizers to suit particular soils; aeroplanes spray crops to d estroy locusts and many plant diseases. Every year some new means is devised to increase or to protect the food of the world.31. The author says that the world population is growing because _____.A) there are many rich valleys and fertile plainsB) the pattern of distribution is being alteredC) people are living longerD) new land is being brought under cultivation32. The author says that in densely populated areas the land might be m ore productively farmed if _____.A) the plots were subdividedB) a large part of the people moved to a different part of the countryC) industrial methods were used in farmingD) the units of land were made much larger33. We are told that there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle. This h as been made possible by _____.A) producing new strains of cropsB) irrigation and dry-farming methodsC) providing fertilizersD) destroying pests and disease34. Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the word "strains"?A) types B) sizes C) seeds D) harvests35. The author's main purpose is to _____.A) argue for a belief B) describe a phenomenonC) entertain D) propose a conclusion Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other cr eatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there i s no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other word s, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfo rt, not otherwise.It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways tha t produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on makin g the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study th e children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly f ound that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this r esult, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three t urns to one side.Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back t o watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of t he lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solvi ng the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental h uman urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional contro l.36. According to the author, babies learn to do things which . A) are dire ctly related to pleasure B) will meet their physical needsC) will bring them a feeling of success D) will satisfy their curiosity37. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby .A) would make learned responses when it saw the milkB) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drinkC) would continue the simple movements without being given milkD) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink38. In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to .A) have the lights turned onB) be rewarded with milkC) please their parentsD) be praised39. The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because .A) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"B) the sight of the lights was interestingC) they need not turn back to watch the lightsD) they succeeded in "switching on" the lights40. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of .A) a basic human desire to understand and control the worldB) the satisfaction of certain physiological needsC) their strong desire to solve complex problemsD) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skillsPart III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sente nce there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41. It's the in this country to go out and pick flower on the first day of spring.A) case B) custom C) habit D) precedent42. He didn't take the flat because he couldn't afford the .A) hire B) fare C) rent D) salary43. I've made an for you to see the dentist at 5 o'clock tomorrow.A) appointment B) interview C) opportunity D) assignation44. The house was poorly built; for , the roof leaked.A) short B) certain C) one thing D) sure45. the weather is concerned, I do not think it matters.A) So long as B) So far as C) As long as D) So far46. The continuous rain set the harvesting of wheat by two weeks.A) off B) back C) down D) about47. The helicopter hovered the trees.A) in B) over C) down D) up48.The mother made a shirt for the boy out of the of the cloth.A) odd and end B) odd and ends C) odds and end D) odds and ends49. Let's get this old barn. It's of no use to us.A) over B) ready C) rid of D) used to50. George's ability to learn from observations and experience greatly to his success in public life.A) owed B) contributed C) attached D) related51. I asked him where my sister was, and he the store across the street.A) nodded B) indicated C) figured D) guessed52. They are staying with us the time being until they find a place of the ir own.A) during B) for C) since D) in53. 100 competitors had the race.A) put their names for B) entered forC) put themselves for D) taken part54. He me by two games to one.A) beat B) conquered C) gained D) won55. They have put the bird in a cage to it from flying away.A) avoid B) prevent C) forbid D) control56. In recent years, new buildings have up like mushrooms in the city.A) jumped B) sprung C) leapt D) put57. I from among the crowd an old friend of mine whom I hadn't seen f or ten years.A) figured out B) picked out C) realized D) picked over58. I thought he'd never anything, but it's turned out that I was wrong.A) arrive B) amount to C) reach for D) add to59. He managed to pay off his debts.A) anyhow or other B) anyhow or anotherC) somehow or other D) somehow or another60. You'd better not Mr. Ganz. He may get angry.A) play a joke on B) play outC) play into the hands of D) play at61. We existed on nothing but the necessities.A) empty B) bare C) hollow D) undressed62. The seasons change, independent anyone's wishes.A) on B) to C) with D) of63. The mail was for two days because of the snowstorm.A) misled B) lost C) delayed D) damaged64. He has been absent class for quite some time.A) in B) for C) with D) from65. I owe a great deal my parents and teachers.A) to B) for C) toward D) of66. We must manage to do our work better with people.A) less money and few B) less money and fewerC) little money and less D) few money and less67. Mr. Black is to our English evening.A) more pleased than to come B) more pleased to come thanC) more than pleased to come D) more pleasing than to come68. You that car with the brakes out of order. You might have had a seri ous accident.A) ought to drive B) oughtn't do driveC) ought to have driven D) oughtn't to have driven69. If it for their support, we would be in a very difficult position.A) is not B) weren't C) was not D) be not70. If only we as we were told! This would never have happened.A) would do B) had done C) do D) didPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank t here are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE t hat best fits into the passage.Everyone ___71___ of the President of the US ___72___ the most powerful man in ___73___. But when the representatives of the 13 former British coloni es ___74___ to draw up the constitution of the new country ___75___ 1788, ___ 76___ of them were not sure whether they ___77___ to have a President at all. There were even ___78___ who ___79___ a king, ___80___ their successful war against the British king, George III. The decision was in doubt ___81___ the las t moment. One group wanted ___82___ for life, while ___83___ suggested that ___84___ not be a President, because a Committee would govern the countrybetter; a third group ___85___ a President ___86___ term of office would last s even years but who could not stand for reelection, because they were afraid he would spend his time ___87___ votes at the next election. In the end they chose George Washington as President for four years and let him ___88___ for reelection because they trusted him. But they were ___89___ to make rules in case a future President ___90___ badly and these rules were used to get rid of President Nixon two hundreds years later.71. A) use to think B) think C) thinks D) uses to think72. A) to be B) being C) like D) as73. A) western world B) the western world C) accident D) the accident74. A) found B) met C) encountered D) put together75. A) at B) by C) on D) in76. A) a number B) a great deal C) a large amount D) the most77. A) should B) would C) needed D) must78. A) few B) a few C) little D) a little79. A) had preferred B) would have preferredC) should have preferred D) were preferring80. A) although B) however C) nevertheless D) in spite of81. A) until B) as far as C) so far as D) by82. A) that the President was elected B) that the President would be elect edC) to elect the PresidentD) to be elected the President83. A) another B) other C) the other D) some other84. A) it should B) it would C) there should D) there would85. A) would have liked B) would rather C) would like D) would be liking86. A) that's B) whose C) which D) of which87. A) looking for B) to look for C) to look at D) looking at88. A) stand B) to stand C) be standing D) that he stood89. A) so careful B) too careful C) careful enough D) enough careful90. A) would carry B) carried C) would behave D) behavedPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a compo sition on the topic "The Expenses of an Average Worker". You should study t he following table carefully and base your composition on the outlines given below. You should write at least 100 words.1. The changes in the worker's expenses from 1990 to 2000.2. The possible reasons for the changes.3. My prediction.The Expenses of an Average Worker2015年6月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷参考答案(第一套）21-25. DBACC 26-30. DBABD 31. CDAAA 36-40. CCADA41-45. BCACB 46-50. BBDCB 51-55. BBBAB 56-60. BBBCA61-65. BDCDA 66-70. BCDBB 71-75. CDBBD 76-80. ACBBD81-85. ACACC 86-90. BAACC。
2015年6月大学英语四级考试全仿真试卷（论文资料）
大学英语考试全仿真试卷COLLEGE E NGLISH T EST—Band F our—试题册………………………………………………………………………………关注智课网微信，领取考试答案、名师冲刺课程、作文批改卡，查看押题直播安排。
Part I Writing (30 m inutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Online Education. You should include in your essay whether you approve or disapprove online education, and the reasons you based on. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.Online E ducation____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 注意：此部分试题请在答题纸1上作答。
Part I I Listening C omprehension (30 m inutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. A t t he e nd o f e ach c onversation, o ne o r m ore q uestions w ill b e a sked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. A fter e ach q uestion t here w ill b e a p ause. D uring t he p ause, y ou m ust r ead t he four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.注意：此部分试题请在答题纸1上作答。
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2015年英语四级冲刺全真模拟试题Section II Use of English (15 minutes)根据以下资料，回答21-40题：Computers are now being pushed into schools.We know that multimediawill make __ 21__ easy and fun.Children will happily learn from __ 22 __ characters while taught by expealy __23___software.Who needs teacherswhen you've got __24__ education? These expensive toys are difficult touse in the classrooms and __ 25 __ extensive teacher training.Sure.Kidslove video games __26__ think of your own experience：Can you__ 27 __even one educational filmstrip of many years ago? I'll __28 __ you rememberthe two or three great teachers who made a __ 29__ in your life.Then there's cyber business.We're promised __30__ catalogshopping-just point and crick for great deals.We'll 0rder airline tickets __ 31__ the network，book restaurants and negotiate sales__ 32__ .Stores will become obsolete.So how come my local mall does more __33__ in allafter-noon than the entire Internet __34__ in a month?Even if there were a trustworthy way to __35__ money o ver the Internet，the network is __36__ a most essential ingredient.of trade and commerce： salespeople.What's absent from this electronic wonderland?Peopleputers and networks __37 __us from one another.A network chat line is a limp __38__ for meeting friends over coffee.No interactivemultimedia display comes __ 39__ to the excitement of a __40__concert.This virtu-al reality where frustration is legion and-in the holy names of Education and Progress-important aspects of human interactionsare relentlessly devalued.21、A.schoolwork B.exercise C.teamwork D.research22、A.stimulated B.animated C.developed D.interested23、A.guided B.prepared C.tailored D.sold24、puter-aided puter-presentedputer-designedputer-developed25、A.promise B.introduce C.encourage D.require26、A.but B.Just C.and D.therefore27、A.appreciate B.recall ment D.produce28、A.recommend B.guess C.bet D.urge29、A.result B.mark C.impression D.difference30、A.immediate B.free C.versatile D.instant31、A.over B.with C.By D.in32、A.decisions B.agreements C.contracts D.plans33、munication merce C.business D.program34、A.reserves B.handles C.subscribes D.transmits35、A.mail B.deposit C.send D.save36、A.missing B.disappearing C.Expelling D.retaining37、A.dismantle B.confine C.discriminate D.isolate38、A.occasion B.substitute C.change promise39、A.near B.up C.close D.back40、A.life B.alive C.living D.liveSection III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)Part A根据以下资料，回答41-60题：A finding in recent years shows that men c annot manufacture blood as efficiently as women can.Thismakes surgery riskier for men.Because they do not breathe as oftenas women，men also need more oxygen.But men breathe more deeply and this exposes them to anotherrisk.They draw more of the air when it is polluted.Men's bones are larger than women's and they are arranged somewhat differently.The feminine walk that evokes so many whistles is a matter of bone structure.A manhas broader shoulders and a narrower pelvis，which makes h im stride out with no waste motion.A woman's wider pelvis，designed for childbearin9，forces her to put more movement i nto each step she takes with the result that she displays a bit of jiggle and sway as she walks.If you think a man is brave because he can climb a ladder to cleanout the roof gutters.don't forget it is easier for him than for a woman.The angle at which a woman's thigh is joined to her knees makes c limbing difficult for her，no matter whether it is a ladder or stairs or a mountain that she is tackling.A man's skin is thicker than a woman's and not nearly as soft.Thisprevents the sun's radiationfrom getting through，which is why men w rinkle less than women do.Women have a thin lay-er of fatjust under the skin and there is a plus to this greater fat reserve.It acts as an invisible fur coat to keep a woman wanner in the winter.Women also stay cooler insummer.Because the fat layer helps insulate them against heat.Men's fat is distributed differently.And they do not have that layerof it underneath their skin.In fact，they have considerably less than women and more lean mass.41percent of a man's body is muscle compared to thirty.five percent for women，which means that men have more mus proportion of muscle to fat makes it easier for men tolose weight.Muscle bums up fivemore calories a pound than fat does just to maintain itself.So whena man wants to lose weight.the pounds roll off much faster.For all men's muscularity they do nothave the energy re-serves womend0.They have more start-up energy，but the fat tucked away in women's nooks and crannies providesa rich energy reserve that men lack.Cardiologists at the University of Alabama who tested healthy womenon treadmills discovered that over the years the female capacity for exercise far exceeds the male capacity.A woman of sixty who is in good health can exercise up t0 90 percent of what she coulddo when she was twenty.A man ofsixty has only 60 percent left of his capacity as a twenty-year-old.41、That boys suffer more from air pollution can possibly be justifiedby the fact that______.A.the male have larger bones than the femaleB.women can manufacture blood more efficiently than menC.men usually breathe more deeply than womenD.women breathe as often as men42、 The different ways men and women move their body indicatethat______.A.bone structures in men and women are arranged differentlyB.women's bones are more ready to movementC.men always move their bodies with waste mouonsD.women are good at climbing upwards43、 It can be concluded from the passage that______.A.men suffer more from sun's radiation than women doB.men will be more exhausted than women after a long tnpC.the higher proportion of fat in women's body makes them easier tolose welghlD.an aged man can still exercise his body as he was young44、 The best title for the above article is______.A.Why Men Lack Capacity for Exercise over the YearsB.How Men's Bones Are Arranged Differently from Women'sC.Studies on Differences and Similarities between Men and WomenD.Men and Women：Some Differences45、 Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A.More oxygen needs to be prepared when a man 18 having surgery.B.Man's courage has nothing to do with male's body structure.C.A woman usually stays cooler in summer and warmer in winter.D.It is easier for a man to lose his weight.根据以下资料，回答46-65题：More than 30.000 drivers and passengers who sit in the front of the vehicles are killed or seriously injured each year.At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is thesame as falling from a third-floor building.Wearing a seat belt saves lives：it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than a half.Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over l4 in most vehiclesmust wear a seat belt. If you do not.you will be fined up t0￡50.It will not be up to the drivers to make sure You wear your belt.But it will be the driver's responsibility to make sure thatchildren under l4 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.However，when you，re reversing your Car，you do not have to wear a seat belt;or when You are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle;or ifyou have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.Make sure these circumstances apply to You before You decidenot to wear your seat belt.Remember that you may be taken to courtfor not doing so，and you may be fined if you cannot prove that you have been excused from wearingit.46、How many p eople in the front of the vehicles are killed or seriously injured every year?A.30000.B.60000.C.Approximately 30000.D.Above 30000.47、 Wearing a seat belt in a vehicle--.A.reduces road accidents to more than a halfB.saves lives while driving at a speed up to 30 miles per hourC.reduces the death rate in traffic accidentsD.saves more than 15，000 lives each year。