写作方法之平行结构
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大学英语四级写作方法：语态的隐含意义
Parallel Structure
平行结构
相似的思想应用相似的形式表达出来。句子的成份相近，则也应以相似的形式出现。请注意以下标有"NO"的句子是不规范的。
No: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, then comes to a stop.
Yes: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, and came to a stop.
(并列时态)
No: I don’t know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and a bore.
Yes: I don’t know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and boring.
(形容词平行结构)
No: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and elephant.
Yes: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and an elephant.
(不定冠词的平行结构)
No: I debated whether I should give the beggar money or to offer him food.
Yes: I debated whether to give the beggar money or to offer him food.
(不定式的平行结构)
No: They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes days.
Yes: They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes for days.
(介词平行结构)
No: Michael’s vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and dust filled the air.
Yes: Michael’s vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and filled the air with dust.
(并列谓语)
No: The mechanic explained the problem, method, and the tools that he was going to use.
Yes: The mechanic explained the problem, method, and tools that he was going to use.
(并列带有定冠词"the"的名词)
No: He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and his employees loved him.
Yes: He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and loved by his employees.
(并列被动语态)
No: As a young man he had been to Shanghai, fighting in the Anti-Japanese War, and following the Nationalist Party to Chongking.
Yes: As a young man he had been to Shanghai, had fought in the Anti-Japanese War and had followed the Nationalist Party to Chongking.
(并列过去完成时)
No: Jane is pretty, with brown hair, and has a graceful manner.
Yes: Jane is pretty, brown-haired, and graceful.
(形容词平行结构)
No: He left the city because of his lack of success in business, the departure of his friends and because his health deteriorated rapidly.
Yes: He left the city because of his lack of success in business, the departure of his friends and his rapidly failing health.
(作宾语的名词平行结构)
No: They bought the house for location and affordability.
Yes: They bought the house because of its location and its affordability.
(并列名词;注意代词的所有格)
No: Why did you make Xiao Zhang feel useless and as if he was unimportant?
Yes: Why did you make Xiao Zhang feel useless and unimportant?