金融学双语复习资料(TPY)

考试题型：单选（20*1’）、填空（15*1’）、名词解释（5*3’）、简答（4*5’）、计算与画图（3*5’）、写作（15’）。

Economics is the study of how society decides what gets produced and how it gets produced, and who gets what.

Economic is concerned with the following processes: ①How scarce resources are allocated in the production process among competing uses. ②How income generated in the production and sale of goods and services is distributed among members of society. ③How people allocate their income through spending, saving, borrowing and lending decisions.

Money is something acceptable and generally used as payment for goods and services.

Saving is income that is not spent on consumption.

Direct finance: When net lenders lend their funds directly to net borrowers.

Indirect finance:When net borrowers borrow from financial intermediaries that have acquired the funds to lend from net lenders.

Business cycle: Short-run fluctuations in economic activity as measured by the output of goods and services.

Expansion (recovery) → Peak → Recession (contraction) → Trough(P15-1-6) Expansion: The phase of the business cycle in which economic activity increases and unemployment falls.

Recession: The phase of the business cycle in which economic activity falls and unemployment rises.

Functions of money: ①Means of payment (medium of exchange): Something generally acceptable for making payments. ②Store of value: Something that retains its value over time.

③Unit of account: A standardized accounting unit such as the dollar that provides a consistent measure of value.

Money aggregates:The measures of money—including M1, M2, and M3—monitored and tracked by the Fed.

M1:Currency in the hands of the public plus checkable deposits. M1=currency+checkable deposits

M2: Everything in M1 plus other highly liquid assets.

M3: Everything in M2 plus some less liquid assets.

Domestic nonfinancial debt (DNFD): An aggregate that is a measure of total credit market debt owed by the domestic nonfinancial government and private sectors.

Quantity demanded of money: The specific amount of money that spending units wish to hold at a specific interest rate (price).

Demand for money:The entire set of interest rate–quantity demanded combinations as represented by a downward-sloping demand curve for money.

Quantity supplied of money: The specific amount of money that will be supplied at a specific interest rate.

Supply of money: The stock of money (M1), which includes currency in the hands of the public plus checkable deposits.

Credit:The flow of money from net lenders or financial intermediaries to net borrowers in a given time period.