中考英语专题讲练系列——逻辑推理(解析版)

逻辑推理

知识精讲

一、逻辑推理题的分类

逻辑推理题可分为：反义推理、进一步推理、情感推理和态度推理四类。其中，前两类主要是从做题技巧上进行的分类，而后两类主要是从考查内容上进行分类。总结发现，中考完形填空的考点经常是考查代表任务态度、观点和事件发展走向的。通常情况下，同学们此部分题目的失分率相当高，要引起注意。

二、反义推理题

此类题型通常是指填空部分在语言表述上采用“否定之否定”的方式，进一步说明前后文或后文已表达的语义。例如上文表述“我欣赏自己天才的一面”，下文说“我厌恶自己_________的一面”。填空部分可以通过“欣赏”和“厌恶”两词反义，推知欣赏“天才”，而厌恶“平庸”。正确答案“平庸”与原文“天才”相对应。

这类题目通常以一对反义词为线索，寻找另一对反义词，从而推知正确的答案。通常，可以通过某条件不成立或有变化，从而推知结果相反或不同；可根据结果不同，从而推知原因不同；也可根据选择A，从而推知不能选择与A相反或相对的事物等等。总之，这类题型解题关键就是找出反义的对应词。

三、进一步推理

进一步推理主要指根据上下文所提供的故事线索和已经发生的故事脉络，按照因果关系或常识等推断故事走向的题目。如上文说“奶奶给我几美元”，后文说“奶奶对我说，拿着_________去给需要的人买东西。”可推知，空格处是拿着钱去买东西。

此类题目数量最多，难度不一，相对比较复杂。有时是依据常识进行推理，大部分还是要根据上下文流露出的字里行间的语义进行合理推断。

四、情感推理

此类题目主要是指通过上下文线索，推断文章中人物的情感状况和情绪变化的一类题目。情感通常是指喜、怒、哀、乐等各种情绪。

情感推理题是从完形填空考查内容的角度进行分类。情感推理题的难点在于对各类不同情感的辨析，了解相近情感的差异。这类题目出现的频率相当高，并且同学们的失分率也相对较高。

五、态度推理

此类题目主要是指通过上下文线索，合理地推断文章中人物的态度及其变化。态度通常是指同意与否、喜欢与否、肯定与否、判断和评价类等观点性题目。从词性角度分析，态度推理题主要考查动词和形容词。

三点剖析

考点：逻辑推理是中考完形填空考查的重中之重。因为中考考查的重点集中在语言知识和语言能力的理解运用上。完形填空正是检验学生们对于文章故事情节理解、判断、推测的能力。在中考完形填空中，逻辑推理题大概占到60%~80%的比例，在北京等一些地区所占的比例会更高。随着逻辑推理所占比重的增加，完形填空的整体难度也随之不断提高。

题模精选

题模一：反义推理题

例2.1.1Seasick means SICK BY THE MOVEMENT ON THE SEA．When you are homesick, the only place you want to be is at home. When you are seasick, _________ you want to be is at sea.

A．the first place B．the last place

C．the only place D．the safe place

例2.1.2Animals behavior scientists want to learn how animal behave in their wild homes. When animals live in cages or in zoos, they do not act the same as they do when they are _________.

A．happy B．free C．sad D．angry

题模二：进一步推理题

例2.2.1On my way home I knocked into a stranger as he passed by. “Oh, I’m terribly sorry,” I said. “That’s all right. Please excuse me too; I wasn’t even ____1____ you. I wish I didn’t hurt you.” We were very ____2____. We said good-bye and went on our way. But at home we often ____3____ our loved ones in a different way.

1. A．saving

B．helping

C．calling

D．noticing

2. A．sad

B．angry

C．polite

D．proud

3. A．help

B．treat

C．criticize

D．encourage

例2.2.2“I’ll do anything to get a good photo,” he often said. “I’ll go anywhere at any time, even if it is _________.” And he told the truth. He had photos of earthquakes, forest fires, floods and even wars.

A．dangerous B．natural

C．convenient D．impossible

题模三：情感推理题

例2.3.1Then he saw the rest of his family were still in the car--- in the water. He took a big breath and swam back to save first Mac, and then Rosie. Christopher, from England, said, “I didn’t think about it and only knew I had to get them out.

I was _________, but it was all happening so fast, and I didn’t really think about the danger.”

A．hurried B．frightened

C．expected D．tired

例2.3.2A．young boy ran up to me, out of breath. He stood right before me with his head down and said _________, “Look what I found!” In his hand was a flower.

A．sadly B．strictly

C．angrily D．excitedly

题模四：态度推理题

例2.4.1Back home, I told Alice, “It’s time to answer your question.” I put one apple of each kind on the table. Then I looked at Alice, who had a _________ look on her face.