跨文化交际翻译系列讲座共19页
(完整版)新编跨文化交际英语教程翻译1-10单元
1 Translation纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。
在这种情况下，跨文化交际作为一个特定的研究领域得以形成和发展。
值得注意的是，人类文明在发展过程中所遭受的许多挫折，既是个人的，又是全球性的；人类历史进程总是充满了个人间的直接冲突和民族间的误解——从骂骂咧咧到孤立主义直至到武装冲突，大大小小争端不绝。
很显然，文化间以及亚文化间的交往比以前多了，这迫切要求我们共同努力，去理解有着不同信仰和文化背景的人们，并与之和睦相处。
通过加深认识和理解，我们能够与生活方式、价值观念不同的人们和平共处；这不但有益于我们周遭环境的安定，也是维护世界和平的决定性因素。
2 Translation文化有时候被称为我们的心智程序，我们“头脑的软件”。
但是，我们可以进一步引申这个用电脑所做的类比，把文化看作是支持运行的操作环境。
文化就像电脑使用的DOS或者Unix或者“视窗”（Windows）等操作系统一样，使我们能在各种各样的实际应用中处理信息。
用“视窗”这个比喻来描述文化似乎也很有吸引力。
文化就是我们心灵的视窗，透过它我们审视生活的方方面面。
一个社会中不同个体的视窗是不大一样的，但都有着一些重要的共同特征。
文化就好像是鱼畅游于其中的水一般，人们想当然地把文化看成是客观存在的事实，因而很少去研究它。
文化存在于我们所呼吸的空气之中，文化对于我们了解我们自身之为何物是必不可少的，就正如生命离不开空气一样。
文化是特定群体的共有财产，而不单是个体的特征。
社会按照文化设定的程序运作，这种程序来自于相似的生活体验以及对这种生活体验之含义的相似阐释。
如果文化是一种心智程序，那么它也是现实的心灵地图。
从我们很小的时候开始，文化就告诉我们应该看重什么、偏好什么、规避什么和做些什么，文化还告诉我们事物应该是什么样。
文化为我们提供超越个体经验可能的理想典范，帮助我们决定应该优先考虑的人或事。
跨文化交际李成明unit2-A原文+翻译DOCX
Unit 2With the amazingly rapid development in transportation and information communication, people from different cultures interact more often than ever before, but misunderstandings even conflicts caused in the process of this interaction also grow increasingly. Just for this reason, much concern is focused upon the problem of how to help people interact and communicate successfully in a transcultural way. As a matter of fact, culture is not strange to us all. We hear, read and talk of it, such as Chinese culture, English culture, tea culture, campus culture and so on. But when it comes to the meaning of culture, it is notoriously difficult to define what culture really is or should be.随着交通运输和信息交流的飞速发展，不同文化背景下的人们交往越来越频繁，但在交往过程中产生的误会甚至冲突也日益增多。
正因为如此，人们关注的焦点是如何帮助人们以跨文化的方式成功地进行互动和交流。
事实上，文化对我们大家来说并不陌生。
我们听、读、谈它，如中国文化、英国文化、茶文化、校园文化等。
跨文化交际ppt课件
•
•
中国人认为“六”是最吉利的数字。中国古时就有崇尚“六”的传统 观念。如先秦时期六部儒家经典称为“六经”或“六艺”，诸子百家 中最著名的阴、阳、儒、明、法、道的总称为“六家”，周代兵书现 存六卷称为“六韬”，政区分为“六乡”，周礼有“六典”，官制设 有“六部”，朝廷军队统称“六军”或“六师”，皇后寝宫称为“六 宫”；把亲属关系归纳为“六亲”，妇女怀孕称为“身怀六甲”，天 地四方称为“六合”或“六幽”；中医将人的心、肺、肝、肾、脾、 胆称为“六府”，佛教认为凡人有“六情”。民间也有“六六大顺”、 “六畜兴旺”、“眼观六路，耳听八方”的俗语。“六”在中国人看 来是个最吉利不过的数字：农历初六、十六、二十六被视为举行婚礼 的黄道吉日。在使用电话号码或车牌号时，人们尤其钟爱尾数为 “66”、“666”、“666”这几组数字，因为它们象征着顺顺利利，万 事如意。 然而，“six”在英语中却是一个不受欢迎的数字。人是在第六天被创 造出来的，还有许多缺点，所以我们要和上帝呆在一起，才能洗尽身 上的罪恶。我们来看看下面的习语即可了解：at sixes and sevens （七上八下，乱七八糟；迷糊的）；hit/knock sb. for six（给某人 以毁灭性的打击）；six to one（相差悬殊）；six of the best（以 藤鞭击六下———学校的一种惩罚手段）；six penny（不值钱）； six of one and half a dozen of the other（半斤八两，差不多）； six of one and half a dozen of the other（五十步笑百步）。还 有谚语：“If you have done no ill the six days，you may play the seventh.”（好好干六天，尽情玩一天。）
最新跨文化交际全套P程胡超版专业知识讲座
A: How are you doing now? Would you like to rest?
B: No, not a bit. The western way of showing concern is mainly displayed with question.
Japanese or French.
2012-2-16
11
文档来源于网络，文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模
4. P仿eo。p文le档a如re有r不el当ig之io处u，s请ly联系di本ffe人r或en网t 站删除。
Christianity. About 2.14 billion Christians in the world. Bible. For philanthropy and equal for everybody.
文档仅供参考29culture2012216文档仅供参考如有不当之处请联系改正
文档来源于网络，文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模 仿。文档如有不当之处，请联系本人或网站删除。
Unit 1 An Introduction
文档来源于网络，文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模 仿。文档如有不当之处，请联系本人或网站删除。
Discussion
I. Why take Intercultural Communication?
2012-2-16
2
文档来源于网络，文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模
1. W仿。a文r档m如有-u不当p之C处，a请s联e系本人或网站删除。
Please discuss the case in groups and make a comment on it.
跨文化交际翻译系列讲座四PPT课件
Conventional Culture---middle layer of culture
Namely,it derives from common beliefs,conventions, social conduct norms,and the things people are most familiar with or felt accustomed to.
11
case-by-case study：
谈话会；研讨会；发布会； 听证会；年会 ；招待会
Assembly,talk; conference, forum; collection;hearing; convention;reception
12
Strategies in translating culture： transplanting
9
独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。 遥知兄弟登高处，遍插茱萸少一人。
Thinking of my brothers on mountain climbing day
Alone, a lonely stranger in a foreign land,
I pine for kinsfolk doubly on a holiday.
understanding about some
fundamentals in their
conventions.
3
He graduated from a red brick university.
Bright costumes, with hats, shoes, and stockings to match,are to be all the fashion in spring. Smart women will have to be careful not to yawn in the streets in case some shortsighted person is on his way to post a letter.
跨文化交际(全套课件255P)
2021/6/6
第二语言教学的主要目标是培养学生的跨文化交际能力。
• 跨文化交际能力指的是跨文化交际环境中的交际能力，即来自不同文化背景的 人之间进行交际时，具有强烈的跨文化意识，善于识别文化差异和排除文化干 扰并成功地进行交际的能力。是在跨文化交际环境中由语言交际能力、非语言 交际能力、语言规则和交际规则转化能力以及文化适应能力所组成的综合能力。
2. 文化不是先天所有，而是通过后天习得的。
文化共性：即人类的共性。人类文化共性是主要和基本的。文化 共性构成各种文化之间交际和共存的基础。
文化个性：长期的历史积淀形成了不同的文化个性。文化差异造 成了跨文化交际的障碍。
2021/6/6
文化的特性
1. 文化是人类所独有的，是区别人类和动物的主要标志。文化是社会遗产，而 不是生理的遗传。
2021/6/6
第二语言教学中需要处理好三种关系
1. 课堂教学与课外交际之间的关系，包括课本语言教学与课外应用指导之间的 关系。
2. 第二语言教学与第二文化教学之间的关系。 3. 培养学生的语言交际能力和培养他们的跨文化交际能力之间的关系。
你喜欢我们的日程安排吗？How do you like our schedule?
2021/6/6
文化的特性
• 文化是人类所独有的，是区别人类和动物的主要标志。文化是社会遗产，而不 是生理的遗传。
春雨惊春清谷天，夏满芒夏暑相连， 秋处露秋寒霜降，冬雪雪冬小大寒。
2021/6/6
文化的特性
1. 文化是人类所独有的，是区别人类和动物的主要标志。文化是社会遗产，而 不是生理的遗传。
跨文化交际Unit 4(大二英语)PPT课件
Title +Surname
Neutral Relationship Surname +Title
/Situation
Title +Surname Given Name
Close Relationship /Informal Situation
Given Name
Given Name
III. Apologizing
• When to apologize • Who to apologize • How to apologize and how to respond
第20页/共39页
[Case 1] A calls B, but B doesn’t answer the Conversation 1 cal l A: Why didn’t you take upitmhe mphoenedjiuast tneowl?y. Compare the f o l l o w i n g t wo B: I just came in. I was in the office downstairs. c o n ve r s a ti ons . A: Sorr y, I should have phoned your office first.
第2页/共39页
I. Addressing
• A: Teacher Liu, could you come over to our par ty this Saturday? • A: Manager Smith, could I schedule your presentation on our new design for Friday
• Jennifer: I am really sorry for all this. • 此种情景若发生在一个中国家庭？……
跨文化交际ppt课件
Communication between whites and blacks in the U.S.
10
Interregional communication
The exchange of messages between members of the dominant culture within a country.
Have you thought of the possible difference between cross-cultural of intercultural communication?
Have you had any misunderstandings with foreign teachers and students, with whom you have contact?
18
ICC studies in China
ICC was firstly introduced into China during the early 1980s by some English teachers.
Hu Wenzhong, a leading scholar of ICC in China
The major changes in China’s society reinforce the fact that intercultural communication is becoming a daily occurrence and is becoming increasingly important.
Communications between cultures has been going on for thousands of years.
跨文化交际翻译系列讲座之一PPT教学课件
2020/12/09
4
汉语的音韵美
平仄相间 高低起伏 音节匀称 铿锵有力 声韵重叠
2020/12/09
5
英汉语言词汇与语音之和谐
Words have weight, sound and appearance; it’s only considering these that you can write a sentence that is good to look at and good to listen to.
例5. 我突然产生了一阵莫名其妙的犯罪感和恐 惧心，牙齿直打颤，浑身起了鸡皮疙瘩，膝 盖也在发抖。然而我被强烈地吸引住了，不 由自主地朝她看。假如看了眼睛要瞎的话， 我也硬是会朝她瞅的……
2020/12/09
9
例5. 我突然产生了一阵莫名其妙的犯罪感 和恐惧心，牙齿直打颤，浑身起了鸡皮疙 瘩，膝盖也在发抖。然而我被强烈地吸引 住了，不由自主地朝她看。假如看了眼睛 要瞎的话，我也硬是会朝她瞅的……
2020/12/09
7
英汉语言的词汇与句式对意义的表达
例3. The evening arrived; the boys took their places; the master, in his cook’s uniform, stationed himself at the copper; his pauper assistants ranged themselves behind him, the gruel was served out; and a long grace was said over the short commons.
---C.Dickens Oliver Twist
跨文化交际翻译系列讲座四PPT课件
2
Material Culture---superficial facet of culture
He was so crazy about his new
girlfriend that he couldn’t bear being
away from her for a minute. “As
usual, new broom sweeps clean.
He will be tired of her in a few
பைடு நூலகம்
w我e们ak过e去nin所g受的那些痛苦与不幸，
比他起来，也只是小巫见大巫，算 不得什么的。
二姐是我们家唯一听从父母之命媒
妁之言结婚的人，她的生活最安定， 也最幸福，人人羡慕。
他对人说话，总是满口之乎者也， 教人半懂不懂的。
几年来的文治武力，在我早如幼小
时候所读过的子曰诗云般，背不上
半句了。
17
Our stocking must be able to take all physical stress that comes from continually being walked on, from being placed between Scylla of the foot and the Charybdis of the shoe.
这地方虽属江南温柔水乡，人却 充满豪气和反骨，比如鲁迅秋瑾 就同属此类，与苏格兰人酷似。
跨文化交际实用教程Unit7PPT课件
5-6
Understanding Negotiation Styles
© 2006 Prentice Hall
5-7
第7页/共30页
Understanding Negotiation Styles
• For North Americans, negotiations are businesslike; their factual appeals are based on what they believe is objective information, presented with the assumption that it is understood by the other side on a logical basis.
• Role reversal: showing an understanding of the other party’s viewpoint and needs
© 2006 Prentice Hall
5-5
第5页/共30页
The Negotiation Process
• Persuasion – during this stage both parties try to persuade the other to accept more of their position while giving up some of their own; there are recognizable tactics for this stage
negotiations
• Exchanging task related information – during this stage each side makes a presentation and states its position, normally followed by a question-and-answer session
跨文化交际Unit-2第二讲PPT课件
2021/3/12
6
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
(2) How do you think of “self-reliance”?
• The American Creed is something of a doubleedged sword: it fosters a high sense of personal responsibility, independent initiative, and voluntarism ; it also encourages self-serving behavior, atomism, and a disregard for communal good. More specifically, its emphasis on individualism threatens traditional forms of community morality, and thus has historically promoted a particularly virulent strain of greedy behavior”
• Play a role • To feel an obligation toward
2021/3/12
(完整word版)新编跨文化交际英语教程课文翻译
U1reading1跨文化交际日益引起人们的注意的原因：是由于交通工具的进步与通讯手段的发展使得不同国家、不同种族、不同民族的人能够频繁地接触和交往。
L。
S。
Harms认为,在世界范围内的交际经历了五个阶段:A语言的产生; B文字的使用； C印刷技术的发明； D近百年交通工具的进步和通讯手段的迅速发展； E 跨文化交际。
近二十年来的交际是以跨文化为特征的。
二、对跨文化交际的不同理解有的人认为每个人在文化上都是独特的，所以任何两个人之间的交际都是跨文化交际。
文化通常不是指个人的行为，而是指一个群体的生活方式和习惯.作者认为作跨国、跨种族、跨民族。
研究不仅应该是跨文化交际研究包括的内容，而且应该是放在首位的。
在研究一个国家的文化特点时,我们的眼光首先应集中在它的主流文化上，其次才注意它的亚文化和地区文化的特点含义：人们应用符号并借助媒介交流信息的行为与过程；人与人之间直接交往活动；通过媒介进行的信息交流与沟通活动。
人类传播的发展：信息符号传播：手势、有限的声音、体语符号、其它符号、实物口语传播媒介传播传播类型：非人类传播与人类传播伴随人类产生发生出现；不同民族相互接触与融洽的结果；交通和通讯工具的发展促进跨文化交际的发展含义：具有不同文化背景的人们之间进行的交际往来或信息传播与沟通活动文化在跨文化交际中的地位：是跨文化交际的核心；文化的复杂性影响跨文化研究；文化涵盖历史与现实、实物与制度及观念、稳定性与能动性、群体特点与地区及个体差异影响跨文化交际的主要因素：民族的历史与传统、宗教思想、价值观念、社会组织形式、风俗习惯、政治制度、社会发展阶段case1主角被埃及人邀请去家里吃丰盛的大餐，他用餐后说食物很好.在这种情况下，理查德错误可能是他选择赞美食物本身，而不是整个晚上,的食物.他的主人和女主人就好像他参加了一个艺术展，称赞这位艺术家说：多么美丽的你的照片。
在日本工作的时候他犯了一个错,开会的时候解释试图让大家明白每个人也许都会跟他一样以减轻罪过，结果又错了.相比之下,美国人强调个性价值和容易维护个体差异时,他们似乎理由与组织的目标或价值观冲突.在这种情况下：理查德…年代错误是在努力保护自己.case2对于学生来说，向老师提问很多问题是不尊重的，另一方面，提问一些跟老师说的无关的也如此，代表你没有听课。
新编跨文化交际英语教程1~7单元翻译
Unit 2 Page 60 Unit 3 Page 96Unit 5 Page 175 Unit 6 Page 215Case 2A common cultural misunderstanding in classes involves conflicts between what is said to be direct communication style and indirect communication style. In American culture, people tend to say what is on their minds and to mean what they say. Therefore, students in class are expected to ask questions when they need clarification. Mexican culture shares this preference of style with American culture in some situations, and that‘s why the students from Mexico readily adopted the techniques of asking questions in class. However, Korean people generally prefer indirect communication style, and therefore they tend to not say what is on their minds and to rely more on implications and inference, so as to be polite and respectful and avoid losing face through any improper verbal behavior. As is mentioned in the case, to many Koreans, numerous questions would show a disrespect for the teacher, and would also reflect that the student has not studied hard enough.Case 3The conflict here is a difference in cultural values and beliefs. In the beginning, Mary didn’t realize that her Dominican sister saw her as a member of the family, literally. In the Dominican view, family possessions are shared by everyone of the family. Luz was acting as most Dominican sisters would do in borrowing without asking every time. Once Mary understood that there was a different way of looking at this, she would become more accepting. However, she might still experience the same frustration when this happened again. She had to find ways to cope with her own emotional cultural reaction as well as her practical problem (the batteries running out).Case 6When a speaker says something to a hearer, there are at least three kinds ofmeanings involved: utterance meaning, speaker’s meaning and hearer’s meaning. In the dialogue, when Litz said ‘How long is she going to stay?’ she meant to say that if she knew how long her mother-in-law was going to stay in Finland, she would be able to make proper arrangements for her, such as taking her out to do some sightseeing. However, her mother-in-law overheard the conversation, and took Litz’s question to mean “Litz does not want me to stay for long”. From the Chinese point of view, it seems to be inappropriate for Litz to ask such a question just two days after her mother-in-law’s arrival. If she feels she has to ask the question, it would be better to ask some time later and she should not let her mother-in-law hear it.Case 7Keiko insists on giving valuable gifts to her college friends, because in countries like Japan, exchanging gifts is a strongly rooted social tradition. Should you receive a gift, and don’t have one to offer in return, you will probably create a crisis. If not as serious as a crisis, one who doesn’t offer a gift in return may be considered rude or impolite. Therefore, in Japan, gifts are a symbolic way to show appreciation, respect, gratitude and further relationship.Keiko obviously has taken those used items from Mary, Ed and Marion as gifts, for she probably doesn’t know that Americans frequently donate their used household items to church or to the community. Mary, Ed and Marion would never consider those used household items given to Keiko as gifts. No wonder they felt very uncomfortable when they received valuable gifts in return.Case 10In Japan, a company is often very much like a big family, in which the manger(s) will take good care of the employees and the employees are expected to devote themselves to the development of the company and, if it is necessary, to sacrifice their own individual interests for the interests of the company, from which, in the long run, the employees will benefit greatly. But for the French, a company is just a loosely- knit social organization wherein individuals are supposed to take care of themselves and their families. Moreover, the way the French make decisions in the family might also be different from the typical Japanese one, which may not often involve females and the power to decide usually lies with the dominating male. As there are such cultural differences between the Japanese and the French, Mr. Legrand’s decision made Mr. Tanaka feel dumbfounded.Case 12In this case, it seems that the Chinese expectations were not fulfilled. First, having two people sharing host responsibilities could be somewhat confusing to the hierarchically minded Chinese. Second, because age is often viewed as an indication of seniority, the Chinese might have considered the youth of their Canadian hosts as slight to their own status. Third, in China, it is traditional for the host to offer a welcome toast at the beginning of the meal, which is the reciprocated by the guests; by not doing so, the Canadian might be thought rude. The abrupt departure of the Chinese following the banquet was probably an indication that they were not pleased with the way they were treated. The Canadians’ lack of understanding of the Chinese culture and the Chinese ways of communication clearly cost them in their business dealings with the visiting delegation.Case 17When these two men separate, they may leave each other with very different impressions.Mr Richardson is very pleased to have made the acquaintance of Mr Chu and feels they have gotten off to a very good start. They have established their relationship on a first-name basis and Mr Chu’s smile seemed to indicate that he will be friendly and easy to do business with. Mr Richardson is particularly pleased that he had treated Mr Chu with respect for his Chinese background by calling him Hon-fai rather than using the western name, David, which seemed to him an unnecessary imposition of western culture.In contrast, Mr Chu feels quite uncomfortable with Mr Richardson. He feels it will be difficult to work with him, and that Mr Richardson might be rather insensitive to cultural differences. He is particularly bothered that, instead of calling him David or Mr Chu, Mr Richardson used his given name, Hon-fai, the name rarely used by anyone, in fact. It was this embarrassment which caused him to smile. He would feel more comfortable if they called each other Mr Chu and Mr Richardson. Nevertheless, when he was away at school in North America he learned that Americans feel uncomfortable calling people Mr for any extended period of time. His solution was to adopt a western name. He chose David for use in such situations.Case 19Talking about what’s wrong is not easy for people in any culture, but people in high-context countries like China put high priority on keeping harmony, preventing anyone from losing face, and nurturing the relationship. It seems that Ron Kelly had to learn a different way of sending message when he was in China. At home in Canada he would have gone directly to the point. But in China, going directly to the problem with someone may suggest that he or she has failed to live up to his or her responsibility and the honor of his or her organization is in question. In high-context cultures like China, such a message is serious and damaging. In low-context cultures, however, the tendency is just to “spit it out”, to get it into words and worry about the result later. Senders of unwelcome messages use objective facts, assuming, as with persuasion, that facts are neutral, instrumental, and impersonal. Indirectness is often the way members of high-context cultures choose to communicate about a problem. Case 21Sometimes our best intentions can lead to breakdowns (故障)in cross-cultural communication. For example, one of the very common manners of touching --- handshaking --- may result in conflict when performed with no consideration of cultural differences. Among middle-class North American men, it is customary to shake hands as a gesture of friendship. When wanting to communicate extra friendliness, a male in the United States may, while shaking hands, grasp with his left hand his friend’s right arm. However, to people of Middle Eastern countries, the left hand is profane (亵渎的) and touching someone with it is highly offensive. Therefore, in Vernon’s eyes, Kenneth was actually an extremely offensive message to him. Case 22In Puerto Rican culture, as in some other Latin American and Eastern cultures, it is not right for a child to keep an eye-contact with an adult who is accusing him or her, while in the United States, failing of meeting other person’s eye accusing him or her would be taken as a sign of guiltiness. As the principal knew little about this cultural difference in using eye-contact, he decided that the girl must be guilty. Generallyspeaking, avoiding eye-contact with the other(s) is often considered as an insult in some cultures, but may signify respect for authority and obedience in other cultures. Case 25For people from the American culture and western European cultures, one’s time should be scheduled into segments or compartments which are to be kept discrete from one another. They prefer to do one thing at a time. They will be annoyed when they have made an appointment with somebody, only to find a lot of other things going on at the same time. They don’t like to interrupt others and be interrupted by other while they are doing something. In contrast, people from many other cultures including the Chinese culture are more likely to operate with several people, ideas, or matters simultaneously. They are more easily distracted and subject to interruptions, which they would not usually mind very much. The miscommunication between Katherine and the director can be ascribed to their lack of knowledge about each other’s way of using time.In this case, to the Chinese director as well as many other Chinese people, it is natural to handle the other things which needed to be dealt with immediately. He may have thought that, in this way, he utilized the time best. But to Katherine and most Westerners, it’s quite different. They tend to do things strictly according to their schedule and appointments with others, which is their concept of using time best.高语境交流和低语境交流（由高到低排列）Japanese, Chinese, Korean, African American, Native American, Arab, Greek, Latin,Italian,English,Frech,Amercian,Scandinavian,German,German-Swiss。