第十三讲 被动语态的翻译

20
New source of energy must be found, and this will take time….
It is hoped that … 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that … 据说…… It is supposed that … 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that … 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that … 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that … 由此可见……
3

When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.

可以用一个词—辐射来概括。
Biblioteka Baidu15
2.增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语 It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.
被动语态的翻译
1
教学内容

1、英语中常用被动语态的情况 2、汉语中被动意义的表现方式 3、英语被动语态的翻译
2

When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.
19
4.翻译成汉语的无主句
Great efforts should be made to inform young pe ople especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit of smoking.
应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害, 特别是 吸上瘾后的可怕后果
14
翻译成汉语的主动句 1. “加以”, “经过”, “用……来” ，“可以 用来” Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. Soaps are made from vegetable and animal oils. 有些花儿产生的油可以用来制造香水。植物 油和动物油还可以用来制作肥皂。 Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation. 核能对健康、安全, 甚至对生命本身构成的危险
11
4、“是……的” 表示静态的句子 这些 产品是我国制造的。 5、“……的是” 推荐我的是一位教授。 6、“……加以/予以”组成倒置的宾语结 构 这个问题将在下一章加以讨论。
12
◆用词序手段来表现被动意义 1、受事者——动词 困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。
2、受事着——施事者——动词 我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久地记 住。
4
一、被动语态在英语中的运用
被动语态的广泛使用是英语区别于汉语的 一大特点。这一特点在科技英语语体中反 映得尤为突出。这不仅是因为被动结构比 主动结构更少主观色彩，结构更简单，还 因为有不必、不愿或无从说出施动者等情 况的存在。
5

1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是 谁。例如： Such books are written for children. We haven’t been told about it. The English evening has been put off till Saturday.
13
三、翻译方法



翻译成汉语的主动句 1、 “加以”, “经过”, “用……来” 2、增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语 3、主语译成宾语 4、翻译成汉语的无主句 5、翻译成带“是……的”的主动句 译成汉语的被动句 1、汉语句中有“被”、“受”、“挨”、“遭 受”等词 2、译成“为……所”的结构 译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句
18
3.主语译成宾语 By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgia n and French lives.
大战结束时, 这个组织拯救了八百人， 但那是以 二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的（但 二百多比利时人和法国人却为此付出了生命代价)。
人们普遍认为 孩子们的早年经历在很大程度 上决定了他们的性格及其未来 的人品。
16
It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real.
6

2、出于礼貌措辞等方面考虑不愿说出动作 的执行者是谁。例如： You are requested to give a performance. It is generally considered not advisable to act that way.
7

3、无从说出施动者是谁。例如： You’re wanted on the phone. The problem is being studied. Rice is chiefly grown in the south.
玻璃窗被这小孩打碎了
23
I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. 我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在 圣诞卡上了。
24
译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句
The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火把这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁坏。 The plan is going to be examined first by the research group。 计划将先由研究小组加以研究。
可能有人会指出, 无线电广播同样也能做到这一点, 但还是电视屏 幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。
17

It is asserted that … 有人主张 …… It is believed that … 有人认为…… It is generally considered that … 大家(一般 人)认为 It is well known that … 大家知道(众所周 知)…… It will be said … 有人会说…… It was told that … 有人曾经说……

5、为了突出谈话的中心。例如： The song was composed by a French musician. The program was designed by ourselves.
10
二、汉语被动意义的表达方式
用词汇的手段来表现被动意义
例如： 1、“为”字结构 “茅屋为秋风所破” 2、“被”字式——不幸语态 “被捕”， “被剥削”，“被压迫”，“被杀” 3、“让”、”给”、”叫”、“挨”、 “受”、“遭”、“蒙” 庄稼让大水冲跑了。 The crops were washed away by the flood. 叫你猜对了 You’ve guessed right.
“被”, “给”, “遭”, “挨”, “为…… 所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。 Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by na ture, not by Man. 地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引 燃的。 The window pane was broken by the child.
8

4、为了便于上下衔接。例如： He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. Jack fought John in the men’s singles last night and was beaten.
9
21
5. 翻译成带“是……的”的主动句 The decision to attack was not taken lightly.
进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。 In the old society，women were looked down upon.
在旧社会，妇女们是受歧视的。
22
译成汉语的被动结构。
25

Microsoft chairman Bill Gates is inundated with up to four million e-mails a day - most of them junk.
微软总裁比尔· 盖茨现在每天都被淹没在多达四百万 封电子邮件中，其中绝大多数都是垃圾邮件。
inundate : to cover with water, especially floodwaters （淹没）
26

The English language is being destroyed by a "deadly virus of management speak" which has infected the mouths and minds of politicians like Tony Blair and George W. Bush, a leading UK journalist said recently.