2种盐生植物根系的适盐特性
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第46卷第7期2010年7月
林
业科
学
SCIENTIA
SILVAE
SINICAE
Vol.46,No.7Jul.,
20102种盐生植物根系的适盐特性
*
高瑞如
1,2
赵瑞华
1
杜新民
1
黄振英
2
杨学军
2
魏学智1
黄培祐
3
(1.山西师范大学生命科学学院临汾041004;2.中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室北京100093;
3.新疆大学生命科学与技术学院
乌鲁木齐830046)
关键词:盐生植物;盐节木;盐爪爪;根长密度;根生物量;离子含量
中图分类号:S718.45;Q945.12
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1001-7488(2010)07-0176-07
收稿日期:2009-02-09;修回日期:2009-09-25。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(30570281,30872074)、国家科技基础条件平台建设子项目(2005DKA21006)。*黄振英为通讯作者。
Characteristics of Root Systems of Two Halophytes for Adaptability to Salinity
Gao Ruiru
1,2
Zhao Ruihua
1
Du Xinmin
1
Huang Zhenying
2
Yang Xuejun
2
Wei Xuezhi
1
Huang Peiyou
3
(1.School of Life Science ,Shanxi Normal University Linfen 041004;2.State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change ,Institute of
Botany ,The Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beijing 100093;3.College of Life Science and Technology ,Xinjiang University
Urumqi 830046)
Abstract :Halocnemum strobilaceum and Kalidium foliatum are two dominant species in halophytic plant communities in
Xinjiang.The strong adaptability to salinity is probably related to the characteristics of their root systems.The field investigation and laboratory analysis were used to examine the distribution patterns of root systems ,the water content of different diameter roots ,and the ion contents in soil ,root xylem and cortex of the two halophytes.Results showed that the roots of H.strobilaceum and K.foliatum vertically distributed as deep as 70and 80cm soil layers ,and most roots distributed in 30-60and 20-50cm depths respectively.Roots horizontal distribution of the two species all exceeded 140cm.The distribution pattern of root fresh weight in soil was similar to that of root length density.pH value ,and the contents of salt and water in different edaphic layers may influence the pattern of root distribution.As for H.strobilaceum ,the root length of diameter less than 0.3cm accounted for only 10.33%of total root length ,and the mean water content in root cortex with the root diameter from 0.3cm to 0.5cm was highest (78.10%).As for K.foliatum ,the root length of diameter less than 0.2cm was 7.81%of total root length ,and the mean water content in root cortex of the root diameter from 0.5cm to 0.6cm was highest (68.01%),suggesting that the high water content in root cortex may contribute to the adaptability to saline.In both species ,the contents of Cl -
,SO 2-
4,Mg
2+
,and Ca
2+in root cortex and xylem were relatively high and positively correlated with these ions in soil.With the exception of Ca 2+
,the contents of other ions were
insignificantly different (P >0.05)between root cortex and xylem.It is suggested that the high content of Ca 2+
may
promote plants adapting to the saline soil.Key words :halophyte ;Halocnemum strobilaceum ;Kalidium foliatum ;root length density ;root biomass ;the content of
ions
植物在吸收水分和营养物质的过程中,根系起关键性作用(Satomura et al.,2006),同时根系在土壤中的分布格局反映出植物的生态适应对策(Hartlea et al.,2006),这种对策在逆境中表现为增加其生存的机会(冯锋等,
2000)。盐生植物作为一类具有特殊适应能力的植物,生长于盐渍化土地上,这种适应对策可能表现在种子萌发(高瑞如等,
2007;Song et al.,2006;Qu et al.,2008)、幼苗生长(李圆圆等,2003;韩张雄等,2008)、形态结构(陆静梅等,
1998;赵可夫,2002)、生理(孙黎等,2006;贾娜尔·阿汗等,
2007)及分子调控(Yin et al.,2002)等方面。有关温带荒漠植物根系的研究主要集中于沙生植物(Dubrovsky et al .,1997;Ricardo et al .2002;Puente et al .,2004;Carolyn et al .,2004;Rodriguez et al .,2004;Hartlea et al .,2006),而对盐生植物根系的研究不多,弋良朋等(2007)通过控制试验研究盐分对盐生植物幼苗根系影响得出,较高浓度的NaCl 可以抑制梭梭(Haloxylon
ammodendron )、囊果碱蓬