英语翻译技巧(翻译篇)

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8. 有些名词加不定冠词作表语，通常翻译成形容词 The blockade was a success As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help. Independent thinking i技能讲解



6. 具有动作意义的介词通常翻译为动词 例1 The air plane barreled straight ahead, across the harbour and out over the sea. 飞机笔直向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。 例2 Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps 党的干部吃简陋饿食物，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时 间的工作着。
练习：
1) The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israel withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israel’s right to exist.

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二、分译法 处理分译的基本原则：把原文中较长的句子成分，或者不易安排的句子成 分剥离出来另作处理，一般译成短句或独立结构。从分译成分的结构而言， 分译大致可以分为单词分译、短语分译、从句分译三种情况。 1. 单词分译（副词分译偏多） He unnecessarily spent a lot of time introducing this book which the students are quite familiar with. 他话了很多时间介绍这本书，其实没有必要，因为学生对它已经很熟悉。 The proposal was surprisingly criticized by all walks of people. 这条建议受到各阶层人民的批评，真令人吃惊。 Interestingly, America is now dependent on Africa for 40% of its oil imports. 引起人们注意的是，美国40%的石油进口依赖非洲。

3) Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had foundered on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make one-site inspection of the Soviet Strategic-arsenal and Russia’s refusal. 4) It has also provided the bases for the traditional methodology of science: objective observation and description of some phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them, the use of these to predict future events. The verification of the hypotheses and, on this basis, the construction of a theory of some area of natural activity.

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3、英语中有些以后缀 –er, -or 结尾的名词，在句中并指其身份 和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，需要翻译为动词。 例1 I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 我恐怕教不了你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。 例2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doings. 在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。 例3 He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.
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一、词类转译 1. 具有动态意义的介词所有格 “… of …” 结构和名词短语结构通常翻译为 动宾词组或 “对…的… ” 。翻译顺序：由前往后顺译。 例1：It has also provided the bases for the traditional methodology of science: objective observation and description of some phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them, the use of these to predict future events, the verification of the hypotheses and, on this basis, the construction of a theory of some area of natural activity. 例2：What is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions. 就噪音而论，所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音条件下的人数。 例3： Insistence on human rights

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7. 在英语中，由形容词派生的名词通常翻译为形容词，在句中 作定语或表语 The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at that moment. The spokesman admitted the feasibility of the American proposals. 发言人承认美国的建议是可取的。 He talked for some time with Bundy, and his question reflected the enormity of his doubts. Single crystals if high perfection are an absolute necessity for the fabrication of integrated circuits. 高度完整的单晶对制造集成电路来讲是绝对必要的。
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2) One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world.
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练习：
1. The Census Bureau,the data agency charged with creating statistics on household incomes and their distribution, does not maintain an official definition of middle class status. 2. During the half-hour talk, the two sides exchanged views on the choice of terms of payment, but they made no mention of the mode of transportation. （在半小时的商谈中，双方就付款方式交换了 意见，但没有提到运输方式。）

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2、英语中含有动态意义的名词通常翻译为动词，并根 据需要增添逻辑宾语。 例1：The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的（机声），令我 们特别神 往。 例2：As the week draw to a close, the enemy rout was complete. 一周快结束时， 敌人彻底溃退了。
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例4. Many people in industry and the service, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time. 工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会，他们认为对这 个问题进行任何调查都是浪费时间。 例5. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.

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5. 形容词翻译为动词语：英语中表示知觉、欲望等心理状态的形容词在联 系动词后作表语时，通常译成动词。 例1 If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics. 例2 They were suspicious and resentful of him. 他们怀疑他、讨厌他。 例3 They were not content with their present achievements. 例4 The top-ranking Asian specialist was not sure whether the policy could save the situation. 高级亚洲问题专家不敢肯定这一策略是否能够挽救时局。
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4、短语中的主体名词通常翻译为动词 例1 The next news bulletin（新闻节目）, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration. 例2 She had high praise for Dr. Smith, although she complained about his strictness. 例3 The party branch secretary showed great concern for the students’ health 例4 He has already made mention of the matter in his speech.