英语句子成分与结构

英语句子成分及简单句型结构

一、介绍与其重要性

学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种。

定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语

次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语

二、英语句子成分分析解读

找出句中主语

The sun rises in the east.

Twenty years is a short time in history.

The poor are now living in the shelter.

Seeing is believing.

To see is to believe.

He likes dancing.

What he needs is a book.

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征

简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成

I saw the flag on the top of the hill?

He looked after two orphans.

复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;

He can speak English well.

She doesn’t seem to like dancing

英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。

及物动词(vt.) ：及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。如：He reached Paris .

不及物动词（vi. ）：不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。

如: Look! She is singing.

Look at me carefully!

类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed...

易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词：

误：deal a problem 正：deal with a problem 处理问题误：depend sb. 正：depend on sb. 依靠（依赖）某人误：insist doing sth. 正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事误：knock the door 正：knock on [at] the door 敲门

误：operate sb. 正：operate on sb. 为某人做手术

误：participate sth. 正：participate in sth. 参加某事

误：refer sth. 正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考)某物

误：rely sb. / sth. 正：rely on sb. / sth. 依靠（依赖）误：reply a letter 正：reply to a letter 回信

（四）表语

（八）同位语summary

Exercises:分析句子成分

1.Time flies fast.

2.There will be a good meal for us at our aunt’s.

3.The rive rose ten feet in the night.

4.I heard him shout.

5.He bought some sweets for his son.

6.I prefer my coffee hot.

7.Don’t worry about me; just take care of yourself.

8.You can rely on him to do anything that is necessary.

9.A lot of noise is going on outside.

10.The little girl can dress herself now.

11.It was a pity that you didn’t watch that wonderful match.

12.I felt my heart beat rapidly.

13.Do you want to come to the party?

14.We should do something to help the students in difficulties.

15.How long have you worked in the hospital?

三、英语简单句的构成

⏹基本句型：主语+系动词+表语（主系表）

⏹主语+不及物动词+（其他成分）

⏹主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）

⏹主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

⏹主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补

课堂练习：分析下列句子的句型结构

1.You are a student.

2.He felt happy today.

3.What you said made me happy.

4.Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?

5.After he finished his homework, he went away.

6.He likes pop music.

7.I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.

8.Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.

课后练习

一、选择题。

1. She tried hard, but she still couldn't make us ________ our mind.

A. to change

B. changed

C. change

D. changing

2. When the old lady is alone in the house, her dog makes her feel ______ and relaxed.

A. healthy

B. lonely

C. safe

D. angry

3. As Edison grew ______, he never lost his interest in science.

A. the elder

B. elder

C. the older

D. older

4. It’s not polite to stand by and looked at the old man _____.

A. is made fun of

B. being made fun of

C. is made fun

D. being made fun

5. The old movie reminded them _____ the wonderful time they had spent together.

A. to

B. for

C. in

D. of

6. I'd like to ________ your essay with you when you have time.

A. go over

B. go by

C. go for

D. go after