句子成分和结构PPT课件

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句子成分和结构
Parts of Speech 英语词性的分类
词类又叫词性,英语词性共有十大类。
实词
1 名词 noun n. student 学生 2 代词 pronoun pron. you 你 3 形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4 副词 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 5 动词 verb v. cut 砍、割 6 数词 numeral num. three 三
I enjoy working with you.(动名词) Did you write down what he said? (句子)
He gave me some books.
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间接 直接
宾语 宾语
有些及物动词如give, tell, bring, buy等可以带 双宾语,一个指人,一个指物。通常情况下, 指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语多放在直接宾语之前。
找出下列句中的主语并说出是有什么来充当的
1.The sun rises in the east. (名词)
2.Seeing is believing.
(动名词)
3.To see is to believe.
(不定式)
4.What he needs is a book. (句子)
5.It is very clear that the elephant is round and

挑出下列句中的宾语
• ① My brother hasn't done his homework.
• ② People all over the world speak English.
• ③The teacher turned off the lights.
• ④ He'll give us a talk.
★ 句子成分: 主· 谓· 宾· 表 定· 状· 补·同位语
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓↓ ↓
↓↓

主谓 定 宾 同

语语 语 语 位


㈠主语(subject)
句子说明的人或事物,
主语一般位于_句__首___ 。
• Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) • She went out in a hurry. (代词) • Four plus four is eight. (数词) • To see is to believe. (不定式) • Smoking is bad for health. (动名词) • The young should respect the old(. 名词化的形容词) • What he has said is true.(句子)
选出下列句中的谓语
① He looked up the word in the dictionary.
A. looked
B. looked up
C. looked up the word D. in the dictionary
② He has caught a bad cold.
A. has
B. caught
• 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 • I saw the flag on the top of the hill? • He looked after two orphans. • 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English well. • She doesn’t seem to like dancing
●please pass me the book. ●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
注意
宾语有三种
• 动宾 I bought a book.
• 直接/间接宾语 She gave John a book.
• 介宾 They talk about a book.
Show your passport, please. (名词 ) She didn't say anything. ( 代词) How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. (不定式)
1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( 说谎是错误的。)
2) It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。) 3) It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定)。
㈡ 谓语( predicate )
说明主语的动作、状态和特征,用动词充当 (有时不止一个动词),主谓一般要靠在一起。
C.has caught D. a bad cold
③ He practices running every morning.
A. running
B. practices running
C. practices
D. every morning
(三)宾语( object )
动作的对象或承受者,由n.或相当于n.的词担任。 置于__及__物_动__词__或__介__词__之后。
虚词
7 冠词 article art. a 一个 8 介词 preposition prep. at 在... 9 连词 conjunction conj. and 和 10 感叹词 interjection interj. oh 哦
取得英语语法成功的基石
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
tall like a tree.
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
什么情况下用it作形式主语?
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语 时,为保持句子结构前后平衡,避免头重脚轻, 因此常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的 主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用,本 身无词义。
你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻 译下列句子吗?
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