教室照明自动控制系统设计

教室照明自动控制系统设计

摘要

随着电子技术的飞速发展，基于单片机的控制系统已广泛应用于工业、农业、电力、电子、智能楼宇等行业，微型计算机作为嵌入式控制系统的主体与核心，代替了传统的控制系统的常规电子线路。同时楼宇智能化的发展与成熟，也为基于单片机的照明控制系统的普及与应用奠定了坚实的基础。

本文阐述的是教室照明自动控制系统的有线、无线控制方式设计原理与实现方法。该教室照明自动控制系统的主控制器、分控制器分别是以AT89C51与AT89C2051单片机为基础，实现了有线通信、无线数传、控制与显示等功能。

本文描述了控制电路的设计过程，包括：键盘与LED显示电路、RS485通信电路、无线数据传输电路、照明灯控制电路以及看门狗电路等。软件设计方面主要有主控制器、分控制器的有线通信程序设计与无线数字传输程序设计以及灯光控制、定时控制、键盘扫描与LED显示等程序设计。

有线通信程序的功能是：通过RS485主从通信方式，由主控制器发出命令对全部或单个分控制器所控制的照明灯实现开启、关闭、灯光亮度调节、定时控制等功能。

无线数据传输程序的功能是：通过无线数传模块实现照明灯的无线遥控，同样实现有线方式控制的功能。

关键词：主控制器；分控制器；单片机；有线通信；无线数据传输

Design of Classroom Lighting Auto-control System

Abstract

With the rapid development of electronic technology, the system of control based on Single-chip Microcomputer is widely applied in industry, agriculture, electric power, electron, intelligent building and so on. Microcomputer, as the subject and core of the embedded system of control, replaces the traditional system—electronic circuit. At the same time, the development and maturation of the intelligent building have established the substantial foundation for the popularization and application of the control system for lighting based on single-chip microcomputer.

The paper expatiates on the designing theories and implementation method of the control system for lighting by wired or wireless communications. The paper describes the process from the method of circuit designing to the software technology of realizing the demanded functions. The host controller of the control system for lighting is based on AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer, and the auxiliary ones are based on AT89C2051. The system can do many jobs, such as wired communication, wireless data transmitting, controlling and display. The paper describes the designing process of the circuit at length, including: keyboard and LED display circuit, RS485 communication circuit, wireless transmitting circuit, control circuit of lighting, watchdog circuit, etc. The designing of software mainly includes the several programming, such as wired communication, wireless data transmitting, lamplight controlling, timed controlling, keyboard scanning and LED displaying. The wired communication programming function is that through Master-slave communication method based on RS485 the host controller sends orders to the all auxiliary controllers or each one, including: turning on lighting, turning off lighting, regulating brightness of lighting, controlling timed lighting, etc. The wireless data transmitting programming function is that by wireless transmitter it realizes wireless controlling of the lighting, and achieves the functions identical to wired communication.

Keywords：Host controller, Auxiliary controller, Single-chip microcomputer, Wired communication, Wireless data transmitting