现在完成时态(新)

新目标英语八年级下册语法--现在完成时态
A.时态语态复习题
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。

A. 用be 动词填空。

1. I a teacher. You a student. he at home? Yes, he is.
2. We from China. they from the USA?
3. I at school at this time yesterday. He at school, too. What about you?
We at school ,too. But they at school, they at home.
4.There a book and two pens on my desk now. There two maps and a picture on the wall now. But yesterday there a photo on the wall yesterday.
5.I hear that there a football match tomorrow in our school.
B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.I (go) to school at 7 a.m. on weekdays. But I (go) to school at 8 a.m. yesterday because of a heavy rain. I (go) to school at 6.30 a.m. tomorrow.
2.They (have) an English now and they (have) a math class at this time yesterday.
3.She (can) dance now , but she (can not) dance last year.
4.We (use) to read English in the morning , but now we (use) to taking exercise.
5.I (clean) the blackboard every Monday.
The blackboard (clean) by me every Monday.
6.I (clean) the blackboard last Monday. The blackboard (clean) by me last Monday.
7.I can (clean) the blackboard . The blackboard can (clean) by me.
8.I (clean) the blackboard next Monday. The blackboard (clean) by me next Monday.
9.I (clean) the blackboard now. The blackboard (clean) by me now.
10.There are many workers (do) heavy work now.
11.---Would you like something (drink)? ---No, thanks.
12.What/ How about (go) （shop）together？
13.He likes (sing) but he doesn’t like (sing) today, because they don’t like him (sing).
14.We finished (play) football today, so we don’t practice (play) it today.
15.I am (interest) in (read) the (interest) book.
16.Keep (work) hard, you’ll succeed.
17.Could you please (clean) your room? Yes, sure.
18.You must give up (smoke) because it’s bad for your health.
19.Did you hurt yourself (play) basketball?
20.I have problems ( work) out this problem.
21.I don’t know what (do ) next.
22.They found it difficult (find) your home.
23.The driver saw an old man (lie) on the ground.
24.He only thought about (save) a life.
25.They all agreed (go) with him
26.Our teacher told us (not swim) in the river alone.
27.He was not ready ( die) that day.
28.I will help (clean) up the city parks. We can’t help (laugh) when hearing the good news.
29.(volunteer) here is a dream come true for me.
30.Aron doesn’t mind (take ) risks.
B．现在完成时讲解及练习
一、概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

二、基本结构：（has 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称）
肯定形式：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他
We have already read this book .我们已看过这本书了。

否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p +其他
He has not (hasn’t) finished his homework yet. 他还没有写完作业。

一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+p.p +其他?
Has he seen the doctor yet? 他已看过医生了吗?
Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
特殊疑问句：疑问词（How long;Where; What等等) + have/has+主语+p.p+其他?
How long have you studied English? I have studied English for several years.
Where have you been? I have been to Guangzhou.
What have you done with your old clothes?
在现在完成时态的句子里，不能出现疑问词When.
三、时间状语：
1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）
yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与since连用.
2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如：
yet, already, just, never, ever, before, so far, since+时间点，since+一段时间ago,
since+ 过去时态的句子for+一段时间，in the past few/three years, during the last two weeks等. 以下内容非常重要，请同学们务必记住：
①区别already 与yet的用法：在表示“已经”这样的概念时，“yet”用于否定和疑问句，“already”用于肯定句。

但有时表达惊奇、不相信等强烈感情时，“already”也可用于疑问句。

Has the bus left yet? 汽车开走了吗？Yes. It has already left. 是的，已经开走了。

No, i t hasn’t left yet.不，还没有开走。

注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.
I have already done my homework.
否定句: I haven’t done my homework yet.
一般疑问句: Have you done your homework yet?
②区别just与just now的用法：“just”表示“刚刚”，与现在完成时连用；just now表示“刚才”，与一般过去时连用。

He has just gone out but I saw him in the office just now.
（他刚出去，而我刚才还在办公室里看见他了。

）
③in the past few(具体数字，two; three 等) years 意思是“最近几年来”，用于现在完成时;in the past意思是“在过去”，常作一般过去时的时间状语。

Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.
近几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。

Where did you work in the past? 你过去在哪里工作？
④before 指“以前”时，可以单独使用，也可以和一段时间连用，用于现在完成时中；
ago表示“以前”时，不能单独使用，必须要和一段时间连用，是一般过去时的时间状语。

但是，since ...... ago, 用于现在完成时态。

I’ve never been to Japan before. 我以前没去过日本。

She went to Japan a year ago. 她一年前去了日本。

He has started his work ten years before. 他十年前就已经开始他的工作了。

He started his work ten years ago. 他是十年前开始他的工作的。

He has been here since ten years ago. 自从10年前，他就住在这里。

⑤ever 表示“曾经”；never是“从来没有”，表示全部否定。

Have you ever seen the film?”你曾经看过这部影片吗？
No. I have never seen it. 没有，从来没看过。

We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。

注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将ever变成never;
带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.”
He has ever made dumplings. He has never made dumplings.
Have they ever traveled by train? No, they haven’t. = No, never.
⑥so far“到目前为止”；现在完成时常见的时间状语。

So far, I have never traveled to the moon. 到目前为止，我还从没有到月球旅游过。

⑦for+一段时间，since+过去时间，表示从过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。

①for+时间段
②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）
③since+时间段+ago
④since+从句（过去时）
We have watched TV for ten minutes. = We have watched TV since ten minutes ago.
for + 一段时间= since + 一段时间ago
注1): since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.
I have been here (ever) since.
I have been here (ever) since I came here in 2000.
注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问，必须用how long, 决不能用when.
I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here?
She has been here since 2 hour ago. How long has she been here?
练习题：
一.用since和for填空
1.______two years
2.____ two years ago
3.___ last month
4.______ 1999
5._______yesterday
6._______ 4 o’clock
7. 4 hours
8._____an hour ago
9.__ we were children 10._____ lunch time 11.____ she left here
12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last.
13. I’ve known him ______we were children.
14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ____ __ three years.
15. She has been away from the city ____ __ about ten years.
16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
二、用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
三、词汇
1.We go to school Monday Friday. But we don’t go to school weekends.
2.the morning of May 25th, we got to the small village.
3.I usually study midnight on school days.
4.you don’t work hard, you will not succeed in doing anything.
5.you work hard, you will not succeed in doing anything.
6.We must have a rest noon.
7.We can swim summer.
8.We got to Zhuhai September, 2010.
9.Have you heard of this story? No, .
10.I have finished my homework. I did my homework .(刚刚）
11.They have seen this movie. But we haven’t seen it .(已经）
12.I have been in Zhuhai ten years. We have been here ten years ago.
I have studied English May, 2000. I have lived here I came to Zhuhai.
12.We (learn) 2,000 English words so far.
13.They (change) a lot in the past three years.
14. _____ you ________(clean) the room just ? Yes, we __________(do) that already.
When _______ you ______(do) it? We _______(do) it an hour ago.
15. ______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes, he has.
When _____ he _____(see) it? He ______ it last week.
16. How many times _____you______(be) there?
17. I __________ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting.
18. She _________(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes, she has.
How ______ she _______(go) there? She _______(go) there by air.
19. So far, many countries _______________(send) their people to the moon.
20. Mr. Chen ______(give)up smoking last year. Mr. Chen _________(give) up smoking since last year.
四、句型转换
1.He has never danced, ?（改成反意疑问句）
2.They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
__________________they been here?
3. I have ever been to Guangzhou many times. (改成否定句）
I __________________to Guangzhou many times.
I __________________to Guangzhou many times.
4.I have ever been to Guangzhou many times. (改成一般疑问句，并做两种回答）
__________________ever been to Guangzhou many times ？
Yes, __________________. No, __________________. = No, _________.
四、特别提醒（常考、易错知识点）
1. have/ has been to sp 、have/ has gone to sp和have/ has been in sp 的区别
♠have（has）been to sp意思是“到过、去过”，表示曾到过某处，但现在人不在那儿；
♠have （has）gone to sp表示“去了某地”，人不在说话的地点，已经去了某地，可能在去的途中或已经到那了。

其中，由于have/has gone to 表示被讨论的人“已经去了”，不在这儿，而现场讨论的人只能是第一人称或第二人称。

所以，在have/has gone to 结构中，主语只能是第三人称，不会出现第一、二人称。

♠have/has been in sp 表示“在某地待了一段时间”要和for 或者since 短语（句型）连用。

如果后面的地点是：here 、there 或home 等副词时，介词to （in）应该省略。

【例】（1）Has she even been to Nanjing?（她曾去过南京吗?）
He has ever been there many times. ( 他曾经去过那里很多次了。

）（2）She has gone to Nanjing. （她已经去南京了。

）
They have gone there just. (他们刚刚去那里了。

）
I have gone to America.此句就不符合逻辑。

（×）
（3）He has been in this school for three years.
We have been here since ten years ago.（我在这里住了10年了。

）
用have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空
1.Mike and his parents ________ __ the north for half a year.
2.Mum is not at home now. She ______ ___ the shop.
3.____ __ you ever ___ __ to Kunming ? Never.
4.Where ___ __ you ____ __ these days?
5.Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _______ here for several days.
6.Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________ .
7.Hi Jim! Where __ ___ you __ ___ ? Li Lei is looking for you.
2.在定语从句中，若先行词由形容词最高级或序数词来修饰时，该定语从句常用现在完成时。

【例】（1）It’s the most interesting book I have ever read.（这是我曾经看过的最有趣的书）（2）This is the second time you have failed in the exam.（这是你第二次考试不及格了）。

在表示时间或条件的状语从句中用现在完成时表示未来完成的动作
【例】（1）You may go swimming if yo u have done your homework before nine o’clock.
（如果你在九点以前做完功课,你可以去游泳。

）
（2）Please let me know when you have been ready.（你准备好了告诉我。

）
3. 非延续性动词和延续性动词
1. 非延续性动词在时间上没有延续性，常见的有come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, buy, stop, become, open, borrow, lend, close, finish, 等，这些动词可以用于现在完成时态；但是，在肯定句中，不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用；
在否定句中，非延续性动词可以和for/since等时间状语连用。

【例】He has already left home. （∨）
He has not left home for two months.（∨）
I haven’t seen him for a long time. （∨）
He has left home for two months.（×）
He has joined the army since 1998.（×）
以上两句均为错误的句子，“for two months”和“since1998”均表达了一段时间，而“leave”和“join”的动作性质均不可延续，所以二者不可匹配。

2. 将非延续性动词转化为相应的延续性动词。

如：
He fell asleep an hour ago. 一个小时前他睡着了。

He has been asleep for an hour. （∨）他已经睡了一个小时了。

He has fallen asleep for an hour. （×）他已经睡了一个小时了。

（fall asleep,“入睡”为短暂动作，但be asleep“睡着”则为延续性动词。

）
I came here ten years ago. 十年前我来这里了。

I have come here for ten years. （×）我来这里十年了。

I have come here since ten years ago.（×）
I have been here for ten years.（∨）
I have been here since ten years ago.（∨）
（come here,“来这里”为短暂动作，但be here则为延续性动词。

）
必背：常见的非延续性动词转化为延续性动词：
go/come there—be there, come back—be back,
borrow—keep, buy/catch—have,
arrive—be in, begin—be on,
open—be open, close—be closed,
die—be dead, leave —be away ,
leave sp —be away from sp , get up—be up,
fall asleep—be asleep, become—be,
join—be a member of, receive—have,
catch/get a cold—have a cold, get married—be married，
finish → be over，become interested in → be interested in
★1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
★2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
★3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher?
★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
用“be＋形容词”代非延续性动词
1、be＋married代marry
2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
3、be＋dead代die
4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be＋awake代wake/wake up
6、be＋open代open
7、be closed代close/shut
用“be＋副词”代非延续性动词
1“be＋on”代start, begin 2“be＋up”代get up
3“be＋back(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to
4“be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there等等
用“be＋介词短语”代非延续性动词
1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
常用非延续性动词变延续性动词表：
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
→have been in sw./at…相应的介词
2. have come/gone back/returned →have been back
3. have come/gone out →have been out
4. have become →have been
5. have closed / opened→have been closed /open
6. have got up →have been up；
7. have died →have been dead；
8. have left sw. →have been away from sw.
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep →have been asleep；
10. have finished/ended/completed →have been over；
11. have married →have been married；
12. have started/begun to do sth. →have done sth.
13. have begun →have been on
14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had
15. have lost →haven’t had
16. have put on →have worn
17. have caught /get a cold →have had a cold；
18. have got to know →have known
19. have/has gone to →have been in
20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army
→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…
4. 一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什么区别呢？☆答：①一般过去时与具体的表示过去的时间状语如：yesterday等连用；
强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。

②现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。

例：He saw the film last night. (过去时，表示他昨晚看过那部电影了)
He has (ever) seen the film before.（现在完成时，表时他已看过那部电影，知道了电影的内容）非常重要：一般过去时态和现在完成时态的转换：
I bought this book three days ago.
I have had this book for three days.
I have had this book since three days ago.
It has been three days since I bought this book.
It is three days since I bought this book.
Three days has passed since I bought this book.
练习:
We borrowed this bike two months ago.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
动词时态专项练习
一、单项填空题
( )1. —______ you _____your homework yet？—Yes．I _____ it a moment ago．
A.Did; do; finished B．Have; done; finished
C.Have; done; have finished D．Will; do; finish
( )2. He has ____ the watch for a year.
A buy
B bought
C have
D had
( )3.I _____this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.
A borrowed
B have borrowed
C kept
D have kept
( )4. Have you ever _____to the Great Wall? It's very beautiful.
A gone
B been
C went
D go
( )5. Her brother _____the Party since 2010.
A joined
B has joined
C has been in
D was in
( )6. The Greens _____many places of interest since they came to China.
A will visit
B visited
C have visited
D visit
( )7. I'm sorry, I ____ your name.
A had forgotten
B forgot
C have forgotten
D forgotten
( )8. The bookshop _____ for eight years.
A has been open
B has been opened C.has opened D has open
( )9.The flowers that I ____grown up.
A planted has
B planted have
C has planted
D have planted ( )10.The windows are very clean now, who them?
A has cleaned
B clean
C is cleaning
D cleaned
( )11. —What are you going to do this Sunday?—I ________yet.
A. won’t decide
B. didn’t decide
C. haven’t decided
D. don’t decide ( )12. ---Kitty, will you go to see the film this evening?
---No, I won’t. I it already.
A. saw
B. have seen
C. see
D. will see
( )13. —Our country ______a lot so far. —Yes, I hope it will be even _____.
A. has changed; well
B. have changed; good
C. have changed; better
D. has changed; better
( )14. —Where is Jack?—He _______the post office.
A. has been to
B. had been to
C. has gone to
D. had gone to ( )15. —You are leaving your school. How do you like it?
—Very much, of course. I ______this school since I moved here.
A. came to
B. have gone to
C. have been at
D. have been to ( )16.Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what happened to him .
A. knew
B. have known
C. must know
D.will know
( )17.He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
A. already
B.never
C.ever
D.still
( )18.Have you met Mr Li ______？
A. just now
B. ago
C.before
D. a moment ago
( )19.The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .
A. is writing
B.was writing
C.wrote
D.has written
( )20.I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned
B. have been back
C. returned
D. come ( ) 21.Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was ; studying
B. will ; study
C. has ; studied
D. are ; studying ( )22.We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know
B. had known
C. have known
D. knew
( )23.Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice .
A. will see
B.have seen
C.saw
D.see
( )24.—These farmers have been to the United States .—Really ? When _____ there ?
A. will they go
B. did they go
C. do they go
D. have they gone ( )25. Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been
B. has become
C. was
D. became ( )26.His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A. joined
B. has joined
C. was in
D. has been in ( )27.—Do you know him well ?— Sure .We ______ friends since ten years ago .
A. were
B. have been
C. have become
D. have made ( )28.—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months .
A. been
B. gone
C. come
D. arrived ( )29.Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
A. has begun
B. had begun
C. has been on
D. began
( )30.It _____ ten years since he left the army .
A. is
B. has
C. will
D. was
( )31.Miss Green isn't in the office . She_______ to the library .
A.has gone
B. went
C.will go
D. has been ( )32.My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in
B. have been to
C. have gone to
D. have been ( )33.The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they
B. don’t they
C. have they
D. haven’t they ( )34. has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes
B. How often, got
C. How long, came
D. How far, arrived ( )35. Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in
B. has come to
C. has taught
D. has been to ( )36.The factory ____ since 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened ( )37.Mary and Rose ____ Zhuhai twice.
A. have been to
B. have been in
C. have gone to
D. have been ( )38. The meeting _____ for a week now.
A. has finished
B. has ended
C. has been over
D. has over
二、填空
1. Have you ever ___ ___(take) a train?
2. It _________(be ) more than three years since Jim __ ____(leave) here.
3. Have you (make)friends with your new classmates yet?
4. I (have) my lunch and I'm not hungry now.
5. Jim has never seen a panda,he?
6. We _____ _(be) good friends since we met at school.
7. We can't find him anywhere. Perhaps he (go) home.
8. He ____ (read) the book before.
9. Mr. Green (teach) us since last September.
10. I never (meet) her sister before.
11.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
12.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
13.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
14. Half an hour ______ ____ (pass) since the train _____ _____ (leave).
15. Mary with her parents ____ ____ (be) to China many times.
16. _________ you ___ __ (find) your watch yet?
17. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________just _________ (drink) some orange juice.
18. We already _________ (return) the book.
19. ________ they _____ __ (build) a new school in the village yet?
20. I ___________ __(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?
21. My father ___ _ (read) the novel twice.
22. I _____ ____ (buy) a book just now.
23. I ______ ___ (lose) my watch yesterday.
24. My father _______ ____ (read) this book at this time yesterday.
三、句型转换
1.I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ?
2.My father has lived here since ten years ago.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?
3. They bought a book two hours ago.
__________ ___________ they __________ a book?
4.He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________?
5.This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory ______ for twenty years.
6.Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao _____ ___ ___ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ an hour ago.
7.Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句转换）
Her mother ____ ___ the Party three years _____ ___ .
8.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
9.The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
___________________________________________
四、汉译英
1. 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。

2. 他昨天收到一封信。

3.我父亲以前到过长城。

4.她还没有看过那部新电视剧。

5.她去过上海。

6.他这些天上哪儿去了？
7. 你曾经用过这台电脑吗？
8. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。

9. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。

10. 他已经吃过午饭了。

11. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？
12. 我哥哥还没回来。

13. 我自从上星期读过这本书。

14. 自从1992年他住在这里。

15.这本字典我已买了三年了。

16.他离开中国三年了。