化学化工专业英语长句完整版答案教学提纲

化学化工专业英语长句完整版答案

化学化工专业英语答案

第九章长句练习课后习题答案

•1、The two pairs of electrons of oxygen may be shared with, one carbon alone forming a double bond,or with two separate carbons, or with one carbon and one

hydrogen forming only single bonds.

–译文：氧上的两对电子可与一个碳共用而形成双键，也可与两个不直接相连的碳原子共用形成单键，也可与一

个碳原子和氢原子分别形成单键。（相当于三个并列

句，顺译法）

•2、[Although] organic chemistry is more than 150 years old, its progress is faster than ever,[ as the result of new theoretical concepts and experimental techniques from other areas of science.]

•译文：尽管有机化学的历史已超过150年，但由于其它领域内不断涌现出新的理论与实验技术，有机化学的发展速度比以往任何时候都要快。（倒译法，把as引导的状语从句提前）

•3、The synthesis of organic compounds involves conversion of available substances of known structure, through a sequence of particular, controlled chemical

reactions, into other compounds bearing a desired

molecular structure.

–译文：有机化合物的合成是将已知结构的物质，通过特定的、可控制的化学反应，转化为含有目标分子结构的

其它化合物。（顺译法）

•4、 It is frequently carried out by treating the hydrocarbon with a mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid of certain concentration at some temperature

suitable for the particular nitration.

–译文：对烃类物质的处理通常是将硝酸与硫酸按一定浓度比例混合后，于适合的特定温度下进行硝化。（将某

一部分作为谓语）

•5、The alternate double bond arrangement in the six carbon ring is the characteristic of aromatic

hydrocarbons and is responsible for the characteristic properties of this type of compounds.

–译文：六碳原子环上双键的交替排列是芳香烃的特征，这种结构可解释芳香烃的主要性质。（顺译法，难点在

后面一句，必须意译）

•6、 Total determination of structure is also possible by means of X-ray diffraction, so that the classical goal of structure studies-ascertaining the relative spatial

positions of all the atoms in any molecule-can be readily and routinely attained.

–译文：由于通过X-射线衍射也可对结构进行全面测定，因此我们可以很方便地达到结构研究的传统目标——确

定任意分子中所有原子的相对空间位置。（分译法，不

够完美）

•7、On the other hand it has long been the practice to attempt the synthesis of natural products in the

laboratory once their structures had been determined.

–译文：换句话说，一旦天然产物的结构被确定，人们就一直试图在实验室中将其合成出来。（倒译法，把状语

提前）

•8、Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials [because either the quantity of the

natural product cannot meet our ever-increasing

requirement, or, more often, because the physical

properties of the synthetic substance, (which is the

common name for man-made materials), have been

chosen, and even emphasized, so that it would be of the greatest use [in the field (in which it is to be applied)]].

–译文：许多人造物质正在取代天然物质，因为一方面天然产物的数量不能满足不断增长的需求量，更多情况下