美国文学史及作品选读Unit 5
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was stronger by far than the love Of those who were older than weOf many far wiser than weAnd neither the angels in heaven above, Nor the demons down under the sea, Can ever dissever my soul from the soul Of the beautiful Annabel Lee. For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side Of my darling–my darling–my life and my bride, In the sepulchre there by the sea, In her tomb by the sounding sea.
Poe As a Critic
“isolated”, divorced from society; more interested in redeeming and refining language; called the “great literary engineer” The first writer in America to give so much concern to the form and art in literary works; The central belief: all literary work is the creation of beauty. [the heresy of the didactic] wrote over 1,000 essays, most of which were literary criticism
And this was the reason that, long ago, In this kingdom by the sea, A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling My beautiful Annabel Lee; So that her highborn kinsman came And bore her away from me, To shut her up in a sepulchre In this kingdom by the sea. The angels, not half so happy in heaven, Went envying her and meYes!–that was the reason (as all men know, In this kingdom by the sea) That the wind came out of the cloud by night, Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.
On desperate seas long wont to roam, Thy hyacinth hair, thy classic face, Thy Naiad airs have brought me home To the glory that was Greece, And the grandeur that was Rome.
Beauty aims at “an elevating excitement of the soul,” and “beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears. Thus melancholy is the most legitimate of all the poetic tones” and “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.” (Cf. Chang, 149)
poetic theories (“The Philosophy of Composition” and “The Poetic Principle”) The poem should be short, readable at one sitting. Its chief aim is beauty; to create a feeling of beauty in the reader. Art does not lie in its message; poetry does not have to inculcate a moral; it has only to be; the artistry of the poem lies not in what is being said but in the way it is said. Poe stresses rhythm, defines true poetry as “the rhythmical creation of beauty.”
Principles for short stories: Nobody before Poe has put so much emphasis on the effect of the work. Ideal length of a work is to be read at one sitting (brevity); should produce “totality of effect” on the reader, “single effect”, “finality”; carefully structured and carefully designed unity; organic whole of the story in which “no part can be displaced without ruining the whole.” [cf. Chang, 1478][Shirley Jackson, Lottery]
I was a child and she was a child, In this kingdom by the sea; But we loved with a love that was more than love I and my Annabel Lee; With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven Coveted her and me.
Lo, in yon brilliant window-niche How statue-like I see thee stand, The agate lamp within thy hand, Ah! Psyche, from the regions which Are Holy Land!
He tried to reveal what he saw as the dark sides of human nature; abnormality of human psychology (“a master of exploring and employing psychological abnormality”); interested in moral exploration (close to Puritan tradition): a sense of terror or phobia: tales of mystery and the macabre: “The Fall of the House of Usher,” “The Cask of Amontillado.”
Unit 5 Romantic Poets: Edgar Allan Poe, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson
美国文学史及作品选读
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
A critic, poet, and short story writer: important in all three aspects fountainhead of aestheticism (art for art‟s sake); Great writer in the tradition of Gothic novel Forerunner of science-fiction The first to combine Gothic and detective tradition, actually the founder of the detective tradition The first major critic and theorist in America
Poe‟s Writings: Poetry and Short Story
Poe‟s poetry is a good illustration of his theory. His poems are all well-structured around one central theme [very often the death of a beautiful woman]. He turns the images into symbols to enrich the meaning. He is the first American writer to write so many symbols; the most famous “Raven”. “To Helen”; “Annabel Lee”: tormenting sadness
To Helen
Helen, thy beauty is to me Like those Nicean barks of yore That gently, o'er a perfumed sea, The weary, way-worn wanderer bore To his own native shore.
ANNABEL LEE
It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea, That a maiden there lived whom you may know By the name of ANNABEL LEE; And this maiden she lived with no other thought Than to love and be loved by me.
His short stories also well illustrated his theory; well-structured; every detail and event is welldesigned and worked to achieve the unity and achieve the effect. Founder of the detective story tradition: induction and deduction; ratiocination, ratiocinative: “The Murders in the Rue Morgue,”“The Purloined Letter”.
Poe As a Critic
“isolated”, divorced from society; more interested in redeeming and refining language; called the “great literary engineer” The first writer in America to give so much concern to the form and art in literary works; The central belief: all literary work is the creation of beauty. [the heresy of the didactic] wrote over 1,000 essays, most of which were literary criticism
And this was the reason that, long ago, In this kingdom by the sea, A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling My beautiful Annabel Lee; So that her highborn kinsman came And bore her away from me, To shut her up in a sepulchre In this kingdom by the sea. The angels, not half so happy in heaven, Went envying her and meYes!–that was the reason (as all men know, In this kingdom by the sea) That the wind came out of the cloud by night, Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.
On desperate seas long wont to roam, Thy hyacinth hair, thy classic face, Thy Naiad airs have brought me home To the glory that was Greece, And the grandeur that was Rome.
Beauty aims at “an elevating excitement of the soul,” and “beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears. Thus melancholy is the most legitimate of all the poetic tones” and “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.” (Cf. Chang, 149)
poetic theories (“The Philosophy of Composition” and “The Poetic Principle”) The poem should be short, readable at one sitting. Its chief aim is beauty; to create a feeling of beauty in the reader. Art does not lie in its message; poetry does not have to inculcate a moral; it has only to be; the artistry of the poem lies not in what is being said but in the way it is said. Poe stresses rhythm, defines true poetry as “the rhythmical creation of beauty.”
Principles for short stories: Nobody before Poe has put so much emphasis on the effect of the work. Ideal length of a work is to be read at one sitting (brevity); should produce “totality of effect” on the reader, “single effect”, “finality”; carefully structured and carefully designed unity; organic whole of the story in which “no part can be displaced without ruining the whole.” [cf. Chang, 1478][Shirley Jackson, Lottery]
I was a child and she was a child, In this kingdom by the sea; But we loved with a love that was more than love I and my Annabel Lee; With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven Coveted her and me.
Lo, in yon brilliant window-niche How statue-like I see thee stand, The agate lamp within thy hand, Ah! Psyche, from the regions which Are Holy Land!
He tried to reveal what he saw as the dark sides of human nature; abnormality of human psychology (“a master of exploring and employing psychological abnormality”); interested in moral exploration (close to Puritan tradition): a sense of terror or phobia: tales of mystery and the macabre: “The Fall of the House of Usher,” “The Cask of Amontillado.”
Unit 5 Romantic Poets: Edgar Allan Poe, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson
美国文学史及作品选读
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
A critic, poet, and short story writer: important in all three aspects fountainhead of aestheticism (art for art‟s sake); Great writer in the tradition of Gothic novel Forerunner of science-fiction The first to combine Gothic and detective tradition, actually the founder of the detective tradition The first major critic and theorist in America
Poe‟s Writings: Poetry and Short Story
Poe‟s poetry is a good illustration of his theory. His poems are all well-structured around one central theme [very often the death of a beautiful woman]. He turns the images into symbols to enrich the meaning. He is the first American writer to write so many symbols; the most famous “Raven”. “To Helen”; “Annabel Lee”: tormenting sadness
To Helen
Helen, thy beauty is to me Like those Nicean barks of yore That gently, o'er a perfumed sea, The weary, way-worn wanderer bore To his own native shore.
ANNABEL LEE
It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea, That a maiden there lived whom you may know By the name of ANNABEL LEE; And this maiden she lived with no other thought Than to love and be loved by me.
His short stories also well illustrated his theory; well-structured; every detail and event is welldesigned and worked to achieve the unity and achieve the effect. Founder of the detective story tradition: induction and deduction; ratiocination, ratiocinative: “The Murders in the Rue Morgue,”“The Purloined Letter”.